State the role of each of the following data communication devices: repeater and router.

State the role of each of the following data communication devices:repeater and router

​(b) Figure 3 shows a network based on the bus topology.
(i) Identify the component labelled P. 
(ii) State the function of the component labelled P. 
(c) Students of Neema Secondary School formed an environmental club with a goal of taking part in environmental conservation activities. Outline three ways in which they can use the internet to achieve this goal. 
(d) (i) A company has three branches A, B and C where A is the headquarter. The local area network (LAN) at A is directly connected to the LAN at B and directly to the LAN at C. Explain two benefits of having the LAN at B also directly connected to the LAN at C. (4 marks)
(ii) State three ways in which a company can protect its computer network from hackers. 

(a) (i) Repeater

• A device used to re-construct data signal during data transmission to its original strength/amplify/boost/regenerate.

(ii) Router

•  It is a device used to facilitate movement of data or packets between two or more LANS of different configuration (expansion of networks).
•  Delivers a packet/data directly to destination computers.
•  Interconnects different networks/provide s network service s.

(b) (i) The component P is the terminator.
(ii) Terminator in a backbone is used to prevent data signal from bouncing back/absorb signals.
(c) Use of internet in environmental conservation club

•  Source of knowledge on environmental matters;
•  Collaboration with peers from other schools or organisations;
•  Dissemination of information on what the club is doing;
•  Seeking for funding from sponsors.

(d) (i) Benefits of linking branch B and C

•  Speed of communication between B and C is increased since the traffic between the two branches can be re-routed through the link BC;
•  If either AC or AB is down, the three branches can still communicate;
• If the HQ systems fail, the two branches B and C can communicate using this link.

(ii) Ways to protect company network from hackers

•  Changing password frequently
•  Use of encryption;
• Use of data proxies;
•  Use of firewalls to filter unwanted packets;
•  User restriction e.g. passwords/biometrics.
•  Use of complex password.

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