BETRAYAL IN THE CITY Question and answer

BETRAYAL IN THE CITY QUESTION AND ANSWER

Francis Imbuga, Betrayal in the City.
“The outside of one cell may as well be the inside of another.” Discuss the relevance of the above statement basing your answer from Francis Imbuga’s, Betrayal in the City."

1. No freedom of university students and lecturers. Jusper and the other university students not allowed to meet – congregate anywhere.
2. Tumbo, Kabito and Nicodemo cannot express their views in the presence of Mulili for fear of being reported to Bss. They are just like prisoners.
3. Orders have to be followed even if one does not agree with them just like in prison e.g. Askari, Tumbo, Jusper, Doga and Nina.
4. Jusper is not supposed to express his grief for his brother.
5. Jere ends up in prison from allowing Doga and Nina to perform the shaving ceremony even through he said they could do it under supervision. 

Tips:

1. Candidate should have a relevant introduction. 
2. The candidate should conclude appropriately.

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“When the madness of an entire nation disturbs a solitary mind, it is not enough to say the man is mad.” Demonstrate the truth of this statement basing your illustrations on the play; Betrayal in the City, by Francis Imbuga.

1. Injustices i.e. Kabito, a loyal government official gets killed when he quarrels with Mulili and he had been denied the milk tender. \
2. Killings i.e. Doga and Nuhu are murdered in their hut when they protest against the government ban on the shaving ceremony; Jusper kills his brother’s murderer i.e. Chagaga.
3. Poor leadership affects Mosese who in his reverie poses the perfect figure of a disturbed mind.
4. Corruption i.e. boss and Mulili (Nepotism) Inefficiency e.g. Tumbo.
5. ​The qeneral atmosphere of rebellion causes Jusper and the prisoners Jere and Mosese to secretly stage a palace coup which ensnares villains like Mulili. 

“Many African leaders are dictatorial to cover up for their inadequacies.” Using The Betrayal in the City, justify the above statement using Boss as an example.

​Introduction:
Leaders often become dictatorial as a way of hiding or camouflaging their weaknesses. They become oppressive and heartless. In Betrayal in the City, Boss is portrayed as a weak character, who is very insecure. He will do anything to remain in power even if it means using brutality. 

1. Boss uses inept lieutenants. He keeps Mulili, his cousin close to him and uses him to do his dirty assignments, especially to liquidate opponents and to spy on others for him. By the time he realizes that he made a mistake trusting him too much, it’s too late. Mulili betrays him when the government is overthrown. Mulili says he is the Bosses eyes and ears.
2. He makes rash judgements. After Mulili makes false allegation against Kabito, he issues express orders that Kabito be eliminated immediately. He does not bother to investigate and prove the truth of those allegations.
3. He is insecure. Because of this, he is heavy-handed in dealing with perceived opponents. For example, a students’ demonstration is brutally broken up; a student is shot dead in process. An old couple is denied a chance to conduct a shaving ceremony for their late son. When they don’t heed the orders, boss uses Mulili to eliminate them.
4. He is afraid of the image he portrays to the public. At one point, Mulili funds him plucking gray hairs from his head. He is afraid that the people will lose confidence in him once they notice he is growing old.
5. He lacks moral probity. It is reported that Boss tries to force himself to Regina at the palace. Regina has to jump through the ten foot high window. He goes ahead to have his wife locked up when she complains about the incident.
6. He is also arrogant and intolerant. Talking to Jusper before the rehearsals, he demonstrates this telling him he is the one in charge of the Africanisation programme and no amount of agitation will change anything. 

 Conclusion:
It is clear that Boss engages in bad governance and has no integrity to rule over others. His nepotistic tendencies and his feeling of insecurity make him a person who is not worthy to be a head of state. 

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​“Dictatorship by any government leads to social and political oppression.” Write an essay to show the truth of the above statement with close reference to Imbuga’s “Betrayal in the City.”

Introduction:
 The dictatorial political system of Kafira is an epitome of many African governments. This kind of government, which is very conservative, is characterized by oppresion to human rights, both social and political. This is clearly seen in the text, ‘Betrayal in the City’ where any individual who tries to speak his mind is either jailed unconstitutionally or is killed.

1. University students:
   The government suppresses human rights expression through shooting Adika, the student’s leader accusing him of inciting students. The students had gone to the roads to critisize the policy of having influx of expatriates/ external personnel in the universities. Jere tells Mulili that Adika “........... was slaughtered like a goat and sacrificed for non existent peace and harmony.” pg 14. 
2. The  old couple:
   Jusper’s parents, Doga and Nina, were both murdered in their own hut. This is because they had insisted to carry out a key traditional rite, the shaving ceremony, but Mulili could not allow. Jere tells them, “Old people, you waste your time. There is to be no ceremony.” He even adds that the ceremony has been cancelled in the interest of peace. Later, the two old people are found murdered in their house. (pg 20).
3. Mosese:
   Mosese speaks out his mind during Adika’s funeral. The funeral had been turned to political rally. “The service was not supposed to take more than ten minutes. The coffin should not be carried by students. Weeping in public is illegal for the academic staff.” Pg 25. Moses should not understand this. He spoke his mind. Due to this, one kilogram of opium was planted on him, leading to his arrest and being jailed.
4. Jere:
   Jere is imprisoned for expressing his discontentment with Mulili. When Jere shouts at Mulili at Adika’s graveside, Mulili forebonds that “.......You shall pays for it.” And sure to the word, Jere finds himself behind the bars. In the prison, Jere expresses his opinion about the social’ oppression in society. “.........the outside of this cell maybe well in the inside of another.” (pg. 16). The Askari does not allow any freedom of expression to the inmates. He says “Now don’t ask any other foolish question.” (pg 18) D)
5. Prisoners:
   The prison cells are a form of oppression. When Musese asks many questions, they suppress his freedom of expression. “We calculated that two mature strokes would ease the tension” pg 19. This is corporal punishment which is unwarranted. The prisoners have to be morally broken. “Your breaking point would be just before the end of our present jail term.” Pg 19. The Askari tells Mosese, “It doesn’t pay to have a hot mouth............ silence is the best ship home..........” (pg 19). In jail you cannot stick to your principles in Kafira. Jusper has been suppressed into silence. Moses becomes withdrawn.

Conclusion:
 In a nut-shell, it is evident that Kafira government is bedeviled by social and political oppression. The citizens’ lives have been terminated. Others have their freedom of expression curtailed, others jailed and many other social injustices. ​

​Drawing your illustration from the play, justify the appropriateness of the title; Betrayal in the City.

​Introduction
Betrayal refers to informing on someone especially about something that should be kept secret.  In the text, Mulili betrays the trust people have in him in order for him to gain certain advantages for selfish purposes.
Main body
Mulili betrays Jere
He reports Jere to Boss since Jere insisted that the shaving ceremony of Adika goes on yet they had been sent to stop it.  Mulili’s reason in wanting to follow Boss’ instructions to gain material wealth as promised.  He says “Boss promise many acre of farm and grade cattles.  I doesn’t want to lost it because for primitive ceremony.” (P.13)  Thus when Jere is imprisoned for allowing the ceremony to go on, one understands that Mulili must have betrayed Jere by reporting him to Boss who ordered his arrest.
Mulili betrays Kabito
At the committee, Kabito and Mulili clash on ideas and this is because Kabito is still angry that Mulili had taken the milk teder at the University from him through using Boss.  Mulili also wishes to gain materially as well as swears personal revenge against Kabito who had earlier won the tender.  He says “Now it remains for m to look who go behind my back … that man is regret the day he came from stomach.” (P. 54).
Mulili goes and reports Kabito to Boss by falsely accusing Kabito to be disloyal to Boss by revealing the tender issue to the committee and other ways in which Boss abuses his power.  For this, Boss orders “I shall not allow small people to sow seeds of discord among the people … come report to me that he is silent.” (P.60) Clearly Mulili’s betrayal is to gain favours and rid himself of any people who challenge him or make him feel guilty in any way.
Mulili betrays Boss himself
When Jasper and the other prisoners gain power and Boss is held captive, Mulili tries to save himself from the situation.  Mulili disowns Boss as being a distant cousin and he even recommends the killing of Boss for having badly governed Kafira and misused his power.  This makes Boss so shocked that he says, “Am I hearing right? Mulili? Shoot me, spare me this betrayal.” (P. 73)
Conclusion
From the above instances it is clear that Mulili betrays others for his personal interests and not to serve society.  Therefore when he is killed, Kafira is rid of the evil in their midst.

​“The guilty will never escape punishment.” Basing your answer on Francis Imbuga’s Betrayal in the city, Write an essay to show the veracity of this statement.

Essay Guidelines

• ​Boss rules Kafira with an iron fist 
• Many people are killed 
• Adika is shot in a varsity demonstration 
• Kabito is killed for allegedly slandering the Head of State 
• Mosese, Jere and Jusper are arrested 
• Boss pays for his sins when Jusper, Mosese and Jere stage a palace coup 
• Mulili is brutal, He kills Kabito, He ensures Jere is sent to jail, He kills Nina and Donga, He pays for his sins when he is shot by Jusper
• Tumbo performs his duties with laxity, He is corrupt, He declares Jusper’s play the winning play without reading it first.
• Later, the play is used to overthrow Boss and Tumbo is driven out of the government, Chagaga kills Adika, He is killed by Jusper 

“The content in a text should match the title and culminate in a holistic expression of ideas.” In light of Francis IMBUGA'S “Betrayal in the city,” outline the appropriateness of the title.

 Introduction
 A deliberate attempt of doing something that will hurt other people’s feelings, beliefs and trust amounts to betrayal. This is more so when such actions are done by people who are expected to mind about the welfare of those that they oppress or mistreat. Incidences of betrayal are rife in the play making the title apt in valid. 
Content 

1. Cultural betrayal
   The government in infringes on the people’s cultural practices making the citizens  to feel betrayed.
   The government realizes the significance of the sharing ceremony but does not  hesitate in banning the ceremony.
   Mulili , a soldier at the heights of arrogance states that the government owns the deceased man’s grave. 
   The protestations from this interference culminate in the murder of Doga and Nina. 
2. Political betrayal 
   The leadership of the country led by boss has failed the electorate.
   People feel betrayed by being denied their freedoms and rights.
   They expect the leaders to be humane and considerate.
   The government denies them freedom of expression with imprisonment to those who break this rule – Mosese.
   People are not supposed to ask questions as punishment is meted on those who attempt – Doga, Nina, Mosese, Jere.
   People are not allowed to cry in public even during funeral while the burial ceremony is rushed – in a span of ten minutes, it’s over.
3. Interpersonal betrayal
   Various characters betray each other in the play.
   Mulili schemes Jere’s imprisonment (sharing ceremony)
   Milili schemes Kabito’s death. (Milk tender, entertainment committee)
   Tumbo sells Reginah to boss –almost raped. Jumps –te –foot high window.
   Mulili rejects boss to save his life – distant cousin shoot (kill) him – accused boss of evils/ bad leadership.
4. Social betrayal
   The social evils in their society have driven people to act recklessly and egocentrically without considering the effort of their actions on others.
   This has left an undertone of betrayal to people who expected others to be role models in shaping the destiny of the countries.
   Boss betrays his wife Marcedes by having extra- marital affairs. Attempt to rape Regina locks his wife in a cell like a common criminal for protecting  the betrayal.
   Publishers  betray the  writers by rejecting their manuscript for fear  of shedding the truth  about poor leadership. This is Overt betrayed since their role is to facilitate emancipation yet  they only care about their skin. Jusper’s manuscript is rejected.
   Boss’s advisor’s  betray the citizens by failing to point out weaknesses in the leader’s decisions. They are only concerned about amassing wealth though sitting allowances and rewards from boss.  They are not concerned about the plight of the citizens.
   Mulili –farm 
   ​Entertainment committee – Allowances.

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​With illustrations from the play, show how those under Boss are responsible for the downfall of his government.

Introduction
In most cases, leaders are not to blame for poor governance but those under them who eventually contribute to their downfall as discussed below.
Mulili.

• Forbids the old couple from carrying out the shaving ceremony for their son
• He kills kabito after falsely accusing him the boss.
• Corruption awarded the university milk tender after complaining to boss.
• Betrays Jere leading to his imprisonment

Contribution 
His action makes others like Jere, Mosese, and Jusper want to take revenge on the government leading to his downfall.
Tumbo 
Misappropriates money meant for the play, giving a third to Jusper and Regina and uses two thirds to put the records straight.
Contribution
His actions make Jusper use his play to overthrow the government.
Nicodemo
Plants drugs on Mosese leading to his imprisonment
Contribution 
Makes mosese drop his Christian name and vow to bring change in kafra which happens when he acts in the play.
Askari 
Tortures innocent citizens.
Canes jere and denies him tea and bible
Once killed a prisoner in the cell.
Contribution.
Persuades Mosese to act in the play. His actions catalyse revenge mission in Jere and Mosese.
Chagaga
Kills adika who is innocent
Contribution.
He leads jusper to swear vengeance on him and the government.
Security officers
Beat Regina until she loses hearing in one ear to force her to testify against Mosese
Contribution.
Makes Mosese swear vengeance and fight for justice. This comes to pass when he and others overthrows the government.
Conclusion
In conclusion, advisers to leaders bear the full brunt of poor governance and often lead to its downfall.

“Close relationship with leaders may make an individual commit evil with impunity.” With reference to Francis Imbuga’s, Betrayal in the City, show how Mulili’s character illustrates this.

​Introduction 
Most African countries /governments in Africa are marred with evils such as corruption, betrayal, brutality, intolerance among others as evidenced in Mulili’s actions. This has been discussed below.
Content: Points to consider:

1. Mulili is corrupt.
   Mulili will do anything including framing people and having them eliminated for selfish gain. H for instance misreports Kabito to boss and gets him killed because of the university milk tender. He allows a fugitive, Mustafa, to escape. He gets acres of land and grade cattle.
2. Mulili is inhuman/ unfeeling/callous.
   He is very rude to Doga and Nina despite the fact that they are mourning their dead son. He even makes fun of the loss of their son and denies them permission to carry out the saving ceremony.
   He has Doga, Nina and Kabito killed in cold –blood. He also declares that Boss can be killed.
3. Mulili is arrogant.
   He brags about his relationship with boss especially when boss revokes the milk day.
   He shows no respect for others especially the elderly like Doga and Nina threatens to strip naked, he answers her rudely.
4. Mulili is brutal
   He uses excessive force that leads to death of many.
   He is the one behind the death of Doga and Nina. Kabito also meets his death after involving himself in an argument with Mulili and in competition for the university milk tender.
5. Mulili is vengeful/vindictive
   He like revenging and pursues his grudges to the bitter end just like Boss.
   He, for instance, kills Kabito because, as he alleges, he called him a primary kid. He also gets Jere arrested because they conflicted.
6. Mulili is greedy
   He is never satisfied.He always yearns for more. His greed drives him to snatch Kabito’s tender and as if and that is not enough, he kills Kabito.

Conclusion
Through the actions of Mulili the playwright satirizes (criticizes) the social vices executed by bad leaders. He also exemplifies personalities that give wrong advice to leaders who then misrule and corrupt a nation. Mulili has been brought out negatively and so represents evil.

“Mulili is a true reflection of evil in the society of Kafira.” Write an essay illustrating the truth of this statement.

​Introduction 
There are several ills that ail the society of kajira ranging from murder, nepotism to corruption among others. Mulili appears to perpetuate most of these ills

1. He forbids the old couple Doga and Nina from carrying out the sharing ceremony at the grave side .He later on orders the execution of the couple 
2. He tells lies about Kabito to boss 
   1. He colour your name in blood in  from of the whole committee 
   2. That boss has ruined the economy of kafira by hiding millions in foreign country 
   3. That boss took Regina by force 
   4. He finally arranges for the executive of Kabito 
3. He disowns boss claiming he is only a distant cousin yet he has benefited from his rule on account of being relatives 
4. He goes ahead to enumerate boss, ills such as being highland, spoiling the economy of kafira, ruling too long and killing Kabito 
5. He suggested that there is no reason why boss should not be killed 
6. Jere is imprisoned because of him this is when the latter fails to enforce his instructions on the shaving category
7. He is among the corrupt government officials 
   1. He uses his position as boss cousin to a mass wealth for himself 
   2. Boss instructs the university catering manager to award him (Mulili) tender for milk supply. The tender had originally given to unknown small man 
   3. He helps Mustafa, a criminal ,to escape across the border but pretends to strictly abide by the rule of law as long as there is nothing he stands to lose,

CONCLUSION 
Mulili’s evil nature knows no bounds; he uses his position and influence to get what he wants and does not hesitate to betray his benefactor (boss)

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"Greed messes up the society.”  With close reference to Francis Imbuga’s Betrayal in the City, justify this statement.

INTRODUCTION 
Should reflect both the general and specific.

CONTENT

• Mulili’s loyalty to Boss is motivated by greed and this makes him discharge his duties unprofessionally as long as he will please Boss and earn a token.  Many people suffer in the process.
• Boss is greedy for absolute power and control.  He puts spies in all areas to ensure that he is on top of his game.  He has also amassed great wealth and kept millions in foreign lands.  His greed leads to poor leadership and embezzlement of public funds.  This leads to an unnecessary coup.
• Nicodemo’s obsession with the sitting allowance is a sign of greed.  He worries about the amount he will earn even on the day Kabito is killed.  The other members wish that the number of meetings be increased to raise their income.  This is misuse of public funds.
• Because of greed, Mulili is corrupt.  He frames people and has them eliminated for self again e.g. the university milk tender.
• In order to serve his master Boss, Mulili is driven by greed; he becomes cruel and inhuman.  He pursues Kabito to death; sees to Jere’s imprisonment; does not allow 
• Doga and Nina to perform the shaving ceremony for their late son.

Conclusion
The play therefore clearly illustrates that greed is an evil that has serious ramifications.

​“Mulili is ‘a thorn in flesh’ in Kafira.” Justify this statement with reference to the text Betrayal in the City.

​Introduction
Mulili, Boss’ semi- illiterate advisor, is the epicenter of all the woes that befall Kafira.

• Boss uses him to ruthlessly crush both real and imagined enemies.
• His evil schemes cause untold suffering to both the regime and commoners.
• His sycophancy ruins Boss’ regime.
• His incompetence due to semi-illiteracy puts him into a collision course with Jere, Mosese and others.
• His realistic attitude causes suffering to others e.g. Doga and Nina, Kabito and Jusper.

Conclusion
The likes of Mulili should be excluded from public responsibilities.

​Sometimes people who betray others are friends or people who are close to them.  Discuss this statement in the light of Francis Imbuga’s, “Betrayal in the city”.

​Introduction 
Betrayal is a common vice in many people at various levels e.g. workplace, family  and in political leaders fail to fulfill their promises to those who elected them.

• Boss faces betrayal in the face in the play within  a play 
• Mulili tells everybody who cares to listen that boss has never been his cousin – or he could be only a distant cousin.  He says that there is absolutely no reason why Boss should not be killed.
• He then enumerates Boss’ such as highhandedness 
• Ruling for too long and killing Kabito.
• Boss is shocked by this because that had been very closer he had trusted Mulili completely.
• Another incident of betrayal is when Kabito, a fellow member of the entertainment committee is betrayed to Boss by Mulili.
• Mulili came up with fictious reasons for getting rid of Kabito.
• The allegations are outrageous.
• He says that Kabito has complained that Boss robbed him of milk tender, he has ruined the economy, he hides millions in foreign countries and that he tried to get Regina by force.  In fact, Mulili should be the green snake in the grass that he refers to by having Kabito killed, he betrays both men
• First, he betrays Boss’s trust as aide, and secondly, he betrays Kabito, a hardworking and loyal government official.
• Mulili betrays his colleague, Jere who gets arrested because he opposed the farmer’s brutality towards Doga and Nino.
• Apart from his name-calling and callous nature he gets Jere into trouble when all he wanted to do was to assist the old couple.
• Tumbo betrays Regina’s trust in him when he fails to tell her the exact intentions of Boss during her appointment to petition for Mosese’s release.
• He (Boss) becomes so amorous that Regina is forced to jump out of the ten-foot –high window to escape.
• Boss’ wife has had her trust in her husband betrayed when he intends to bring in another woman (Regina) into their own house.
• Her complaint cause her to be bundled into a cell like a common criminal.  Her feeling of betray must be overwhelming.

Conclusion
It is important to be sensitive in our relationship to avoid being victims of betrayal

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