K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2015PP2QN08
How is a mammalian heart structurally adapted to its function?
ANSWERS
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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2015PP1QN03
.An individual is of blood group B positive.
(a) Name the antigens in the individual’s blood. (b) Give the reason why the individual cannot receive blood from a blood group A donor.
answers
​(a) (Antigen) B; Rhesus (antigen)/Rhesus factor/Antigen D
(b) Has antibody a in the blood plasma of the recipient and will correspond with antigen A in the donor’s blood, hence there will be antigen antibody reaction/agglutination. K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2014PP2QN02
The diagram below illustrates the role played by red blood cells in the transportation of carbon (1V) oxide.
​(a) Other than the carbon (IV) oxide transportation in the red blood cells, name the other form of carbon (1V) oxide transportation in humans.
(b) (i) Name substance F (ii) Name the enzyme marked C and state its role in the reaction. Enzyme Role (c) Explain why transportation of carbon (1V) oxide in red blood cells is advantageous. (d) Explain the role of calcium ions in blood clotting.
ANSWERS
​(a) Carbonic acid/carbaminohaemoglobin/hydrogen carbonate;
(b) (i) Water; (ii) Carbonic acid; Role: catalyses reaction between carbon IV oxide and water to form (weak) carbonic acid; (c) Prevents accumulation of acidity/maintains pH of blood since hydrogen ions combine with haemoglobin to form Haemoglobin acids; Faster; due to the catalytic effect of carbonic anhydrase; (d) Activates thromboplastin; thrombokinase to neutralize heparin/convert prothrombin to thrombin; K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2014PP1QN24
The table provided shows the transportation of substances in the human body.
​Name the substances represented by
M N P
ANSWERS
​M - lungs;
N - Urea, ammonia. ; P - Digested food. water; mineral ions;
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2013PP2QN07
Describe the process of blood clotting in human beings.
ANSWERS
When a blood vessel is cut/injured platelets/thrombocytes/damaged tissue/wound is exposed to the air: they release thrombokinase/thromboplastin ; an enzyme that activates the conversion of prothrombin: to thrombin: in the presence of calcium ions: vitamin K/ phylloquinone ; is needed for the formation of prothrombin; Thrombin converts (soluble blood protein) fibrinogen ; into (the fibrous form) fibrin; which forms a mesh / network across the wound: The clot so formed prevents excessive bleeding: and entry of disease agents/pathogens/micro-organisms/microbes;
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2013PP1QN24
Explain three protective functions of mammalian blood.
answers
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2013PP1QN11
State the advantage of possessing blood group AB.
answers
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2012PP1QN28
State two differences between open and closed circulatory systems.
answers
Open Closed
Blood flows in haemocoel Blood confined in vessels; sinuses/body cavity directly in contact with cells Blood flows at low pressure Blood flows at high pressure; Blood lack pigments Blood has pigments for oxygen and Carbon (IV) Oxide transportation K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2012PP1QN23
Name the strengthening materials found in the following support tissues:
(a) collenchyrna; (b)Xylem
answers
​(a) Cellulose;
(b) Lignin;
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2012PP1QN11
State two ways in which heart muscles are special.
answers
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2011PP2QN07
Explain how structural features in terrestrial plants affect their rate of transpiration.
answers
Plants in arid, semi-arid and desert habitats have leaves covered with thick/waxy cuticles; that are waterproof/impermeable to water; allowing for reduced rate of transpiration; Sunken stomata; in some desert/semi arid areas plants have water vapour accumulating in the pits; reducing rate of transpiration (as the moisture in the pit is carried away by wind.) Most plants have few or no stomata on the upper surface of leaf; the fewer the stomata the less the water lost from the plant. Some plants have small stomata/stomatal size decrease when guard cells are flaccid; thus reducing transpiration rate. Plants with small/folding leaves; expose less surface area; hence reduce the rate of transpiration. Leaves with shinny surfaces; reflect light resulting
reduced leaf temperatures; thus reducing the rate of transpiration. Some plants have leaves covered with hairs/scales; which trap a layer of moisture; the leaf surface reducing rate of transpiration. Mesophyte have a thin layer of cuticle; to facilitate high transpiration rate; brad lenses exposing large area to transpiration; Many stomata on both leaf surfaces provide many apartunes to enhance transpiration.
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2011PP2QN03
Describe how oxygen in the alveolus reaches the red blood cells.
answers
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2011PP1QN25
State one economic importance of each of the following plant excretory products.
(a) Tannin. (b) Quinine. (c) Caffeine.
ANSWERS
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2011PP1QN16
What is the role of blood platelets in the blood clotting process?
answers
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2011PP1QN16
Describe the condition known as varicose veins.
answers
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2010PP2QN08
Describe how a finned fish such as Tilapia moves in water.
answers
​Movement of fish in water is by swimming; It involves forward movement and control of the body position in water; Scales overlapping backwards/mucus/streamlined body shape reduces resistance/friction to enhance forward movement; Forward movement (propulsion) is caused by the tail; The tail is (almost half the length of the body of the fish) to enable it create enough force (to enable the fish to push forward);
Propulsion is achieved when the tail pushes sideways against the water; Sideways movements is brought about by muscles arranged in segmented blocks/myotomes on both sides of vertebral column; The muscles contract alternately causing the vertebral column to swing sideways; When muscle blocks on the right relax and those on the left contract; the body bends to the left side; When the muscles of the left relax and those on the right contract; the body bends to the right; The fish uses its fins to control the position of its body in water, During forward movement paired fins/pectoral and pelvic fins lie flat on the body surface to reduce resistance/friction; To change direction the fish uses the paired fins; Paired fins are also used by fish to change its level in water/control/prevent pitching; The fish spreads out the pectoral and pelvic fins at 90 degree to the body; to enable it to brake; Fish can also use the swim bladder to change its level in water; When the bladder fills up with air the fish becomes lighter/more buoyant; making it to rise in water; When the air leaves the bladder the fish becomes heavier; making it to sink deeper in the water; water currents may cause the sideways swaying of the body of the fish! yawing; Dorsal and ventral fins prevent rolling/yawing; K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2010PP2QN02
The diagram below shows blood circulation in a mammalian tissue.
(a) Name the parts labelled P and Q.
P . Q . (b) Name the substances that are: (i) required for respiration that move out of capillaries; (ii) removed from tissue cells as a result of respiration. (e) Explain how substances move from blood capillaries into the tissue cells. (d) Name one component of the blood that is not found in the part labelled P.
answers
(a)
P Tissue fluid/intercellular/interstitial fluid/space; Q Venule; (b) (i) Glucose, oxygen; (ii) Carbon (iv) Oxide, water; (c) Blood entering arteriole has a high pressure; the pressure forces water and small solute molecules in blood to go through capillary wall forming tissue fluids; nutrients/oxygen more into the tissue cells by diffusion; (d) Red Blood cells/proteins/platelets;
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2010PP1QN28
State three structural differences between arteries and veins.
answers
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2010PP1QN23
Explain three ways in which red blood cells are adapted to their function.
answers
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2010PP1QN19
State the changes that occur in arterioles in the human skin during thermoregulation.
answers
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2010PP1QN11
The diagram below shows a transverse section of a leaf.
(a) Name the habitat of the plant from which the leaf was obtained.
(b) Give two reasons for your answer in (a) above.
answers
(a) Aquatic;
(b) Large air space/aerenchyma to enhance transpiration; Sclereids for mechanical support of leaf; Stomata on upper epidermis to enhance transpiration:
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2009PP2QN05
Give three functions of pectoral and pelvic fins in a fish
answers
​ - Steering
- Balance - Braking, changing direction - Prevent fish from pitching/ up & down movement
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2009PP1QN28
Name a disease that causes thickening and hardening of arteries
answer
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2009PP1QN28
State three structural differences between arteries and veins in mammalsK.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2008PP2QN06
An experiment was carried out to investigate transpiration and absorption of water in sunflower plants in their natural environment with adequate supply of water. The account of water was determined in two hour intervals. The results are as shown in the table below
​(a) Using the same axes, plot graphs to show transpiration and absorption of water in grammes against time of the day
(b) At what time of the day was the amount of water the same for transpiration and absorption? (c) Account for the shape of graph of: (i) Transpiration (ii) Absorption (d) What would happen to transpiration and absorption of water if the experiment was continued till 05 00 hours? (e) Name two factors that may affect transpiration and absorption at any given time (f) Explain how the factors you named in (e) above affect transpiration
answers
​(b) 17.001- 19.99 hrs
(c) (i) Transpiration 1100 – 17000 (rapid) ( in the rate of transpiration) due to high light intensity/ high temperature (ii) 17000 – 0300 hrs decrease (in the rate of transpiration) due to low light intensity/ absence of light/ in temperature. (iii) Absorption 11.00 – 1900 hrs. Increase (in the rate of atmosphere) of water to replace water lost- through transpiration 1900 – 0300 hrs; decrease ( in the rate of absorption of water) due to the fact that rate of transpiration has declined (d) Both transpiration and absorption decrease accept decrease (e) Wind; light, atmosphere pressure, humidity; temperature Temperature - at high temperature the rate is higher/ at low temperature the rate is Low. (f) Wind- rate of transpiration is high when it’s windy/ lower when air still Humidity – when humidity is low, the rate of transpiration is faster/ when its High the rate of transportation is low Pressure- the rate is high at low atmosphere pressure at high atmosphere pressure the rate is low. |
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