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Describe how new plants arise by asexual reproduction

14/6/2020

Comments

 
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 1996PP1QN 22

Describe how new plants arise by asexual reproduction

Picture
ANSWERS
  • Lower plants/example Bryophyta/pterophyta; produces  spores which develops to new plants; budding  an overgrowth arises from plant drop off; and develops into a  new  plant; common  in lower plants  yeast.
  • Fragmentation – e.g Spirogyra; breaks  off  and grows into a new plant 
  • Vegetative  propagation:  common in higher plants involves  growth of  new plants from buds/bubils
  • Root stem/ tubers/ leaves: possesses buds; which develops to new  plants
  • Corns; have terminal buds  that grows vertically  and produce a new  plant
  • Runners; have lateral buds that produce new plants
Comments

Explain how the mammalian skin is adapted to perform  its  functions

14/6/2020

Comments

 
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 1996PP1QN 21

Explain how the mammalian skin is adapted to perform its functions

Picture
ANSWERS
​The cornified  layer is made  up of dead  cells, that prevent entry of bacteria  and  prevent physical  damage; melanin  protects the  body against U-V variation; sebaceous glands produce a chemical/ ring  substance  which  is of blood  vessel; which when the body temperature  is high dilate  and  heat is lost  or when body temp is low blood  vessels  constrict. 
And  heat is retained. Hair  when it is  called, stands and traps air  between themselves; to  retain heat/ stop heat  loss or  when it is hot hair  lies flat  close  on the  skin; so does  not trap  air, and therefore  heat  is retained and sweat is lost; the skin has  sweat glands which produces sweat; 
sweat evaporates thus cooling the body.
Comments

K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 1996PP1QN 20

14/6/2020

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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 1996PP1QN 20

A culture of bacteria was incubated in nutrient agar at 350C. Samples were taken at intervals in order to estimate the number of bacteria in the population. The data obtained is shown in the graph below.
Picture
​(a) When was the pollution of bacteria 350 million
(b) Account for the shape of the  graph between
        (i) A and B
        (ii) B and C
        (iii) C and D
(c) Give three reasons  for  the shape of the  curve between D and E
(d) (i) Suggest what would happen to the population of the bacteria if the temperature was  lowered to 00 after incubating for 12 hours.
        (ii) Give a reason for your answer in (d) (i) above
(e) Give three reasons why it is important to  control human population growth rate  in Kenya?
ANSWERS
​(a) 10 HRC and 31 HRC 
(b) (i) A and B The number of bacteria  dividing are  few: bacteria  are adjusting conditions: few are dying therefore  high increase in population
      (ii) B and C More cells are dividing due to suitable environment/  favorable conditions; few are  dying; therefore high  increase in population
      (iii) C and D No population change; number produced is equal to number dying.
(c) Accumulation of toxic wastes; that kills bacteria; depletion of nutrients leading to competition of  space.
(d) (i) The population will remain the same
    (ii) Temperature not conclusive for division
(e)  Food to be  sufficient for population
    Social amenities/ education; health services
Comments

K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 1996PP1QN 19

14/6/2020

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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 1996PP1QN 19

​The diagram below represents then pathways of water from the soil into the plant.
Picture
(a) Name the structures labeled K and L.
(b) Explain how water from the soil reaches the  structure labeled L.
(c) Name the process by which mineral salts enter into  the plant
ANSWERS
(a) K- Root hair
    L- Xylem vessel
(b) Water moves from the soil into the  root hair by osmosis; because concentration of cell sap is higher than water in the  soil; the cell sap in the root hair  is diluted, thus making it less concentrated than neighboring cell; therefore water  moves  into the neighboring cell; it is actively  secreted into structure L.
(c) Active transport/ diffusion
Comments

K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 1996PP1QN 18

14/6/2020

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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 1996PP1QN 18

​In an experiment black mice were crossed  and the offspring were back  and brown. The gene  for black colour is dominant over that of brown colour.
Using letter B to represent the gene for black colour and b to represent the gene for brown colour
(a) Work out the  genotypes of the F1  generation
(b) What is the phenotype ration of the spring
Picture
answers
Picture
​(b) 3 black 1 brown
Comments

How can low blood  volume be brought back to normal

14/6/2020

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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 1996PP1QN 17c

How can low blood volume be brought back to normal

Picture
answers
  •  Transfusion; taking fluids) eating iron  rich food stuff/ taking iron tablets.
Comments

Name the process by which the human body naturally stops Bleeding?

14/6/2020

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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 1996PP1QN 17b

Name the process by which the human body naturally stops Bleeding?

Picture
answers
  •  Blood clotting
Comments

How may excessive bleeding results in death?

14/6/2020

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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 1996PP1QN 17a

How may excessive bleeding results in death?

Picture
answers
  • Anaemia/ low blood volume/ loss of iron/ low red blood  cells/ low haemoglobin; leading to low oxygen; loss  of  nutrients and dehydrations.
Comments

K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 1996PP1QN16

14/6/2020

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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 1996PP1QN 16

​A shoot of seedling exposed to light on one side bends towards the source of light as it grows
(a) Name  the response exhibited by the shoot of the seedling
(b) Explain how the bending  towards the source  of light occurs
Picture
answers
​(a) Phototropism 
(b) Auxins /  hormones;  move diffuse to the demised/ away from the light side; causing elongation/ growth  on the dark sides hence  bending
Comments

K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 1996PP1QN15

14/6/2020

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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 1996PP1QN15

Picture
To estimate the  population size of crabs in a certain lagoon, traps were laid at random. 400 crabs were caught, marked and released back into the lagoon. Four days later, traps were laid again and crabs were caught. Out of the 374 crabs, 80 were found to be marked.
  • ​(a) calculate the population size of the crabs in the lagoon using the  formula below
Picture
Where N = Total population of crabs  in the  lagoon
n = Total number of crabs  in the second catch
M = Number of marked crabs  during the  first
m= Number of marked crabs in the  second catch
  • (b) State two assumptions that were  made during the investigation
  • (c) What is the name given to this method of estimating the population size
ANSWERS
Picture
  • (b) There was even distribution of  crabs;
  • No movement  in and out  of regions; no migration;
  • There was random distribution of errors after the first capture.
  • (c) Capture/ recapture; capture release recapture.
Comments

Name two structures used for gaseous exchange in plants

14/6/2020

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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 1996PP1QN14b

Name two structures used for gaseous exchange in plants

Picture
answers 
  •  Stomata pores / stomata;  cuticle
Comments

Describe the path taken by carbon dioxide released from the tissue of an insect to the atmosphere

14/6/2020

Comments

 
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 1996PP1QN14

Describe the path taken by carbon dioxide released from the tissue of an insect to the atmosphere

Picture
answers
  •  CO2 diffuses  into  tracheoles follows the trachea; not through spiracles
Comments

K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 1996PP1QN13

14/6/2020

Comments

 
​ The diagram  below  shows  a set – up that was used to demonstrate ​Fermentation
Picture
​Glucose  solution was boiled and oil added  on top of it.  The glucose solution was then allowed to cool before suspension.
(a) Why was the glucose solution boiled  before adding the yeast Suspension?
(b) What was the importance of cooling the glucose solution before adding the yeast suspension?
(c)  What was the use of oil in the experiment?
(d) What observation would be made in test tube B  at the  end of the experiment?
(e) Suggest a control for this experiment
answers
  • (a) Drive out oxygen / air
  • (b)Avoid killing yeast cells/ denaturing  enzymes  in yeast
  • (c) To prevent air from getting into the  glucose  and  yeast Suspension
  • (d) Limewater turns milky
  • (e) Used  boiled yeast  on glucose
Comments

Give a reason why it is  necessary for  frogs  to lay  many eggs

14/6/2020

Comments

 
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 1996PP1QN12

Give a reason why it is necessary for frogs to lay many eggs

Picture
ANSWERS
​To increase the chances  of fertilization and  survival of species
Comments

K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 1996PP1QN11

1/6/2020

Comments

 
kcse biology 1996 PAPER 1 questions and answers

​Give a reason why it is only mutation in genes of gametes that can influence evolution.


ANSWERS

Gametes form new offspring

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