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Describe how fruits and seeds are suited to their modes of dispersal.

18/6/2020

Comments

 
​K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2003PP1QN19

Describe how fruits and seeds are suited to their modes of dispersal.

Picture
answers
Water dispersed fruit / seeds
  • Mesocarp / seed has air spaces thus light / buoyant to float.
  • Therefore carried away by water.
  • The fruit / seeds are protected from soaking by water proud pericarp.
Animal dispersed fruits / seeds
  • Presence of hooks for attachment to animals; thus carried to other placed
  • Fruits are brightly coloured; succulent; aromatic attract animals, which feed on them.
  • The seed coats are registrant to digestive enzymes; thus carried to other places on them.
  • The seeds are dropped always from parent plant in faeces/ droppings.
Self dispersed fruits / seeds / explosive mechanisms
  • The dry pods / fruit split (along lines of weakness / satures)
  • Scattering seeds away from parent plant
Wind dispersed fruits / seeds
  • Censer mechanism
  • Perforated capsule is usually loosely attached to stalk / the long stalk is swayed by wind scattering seeds.
  • Presence of hairs / wing – like structure, floss / extensions which increase surface area / for buoyancy making is easy for fruits / seeds to be blown away
  • Fruits / seeds are light due to small size; therefore easily carried a ways by wind.
Comments

Describe the functions of the various parts of the human eye.

18/6/2020

Comments

 
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2003PP1QN18

Describe the functions of the various parts of the human eye.

Picture
answers
Sclerotic layer – (made up of collagen fibres thus) protects the eye  maintains shape of eyeball.
Cornea
  • Allows light to enter the eye
  • Refracts light towards retina
Conjunctive - Protects cornea
Eyelids
  •  Protects cornea from mechanical & chemical damage / protects eye form entry of foreign particles.
  • protects retina from bright light (by reflex action)
Choroids
  • (Contains black pigment which)prevents reflection of light within the eye / absorbed light.
  • Nourishes the eye / retina / supply oxygen / remove CO2
Ciliary muscles
  •  Alter shape of lens during accommodation
  •  Ciliary body produces aqueous humour.
Suspensory ligaments – adjusts shape of lens during accommodation
Lens – Refracts light rays / focuses light on retina
Vitrerous aqueous humour once.
Aqueous Humour – Nourishes cornea / lens Refracts light
Irus – ( pigmented thus) – gives the eye its colour / absorbs light controls amount of light entering the eye / adjusts size of pupil impulses.
Pupil – light enters the eyes through pupil.
Retina – has photoreceptor cells / rods / cones / image formation ;l generates impulses.
Fever / yellow spot – visual acuity / most sensitive part of retina with only cones.
Blind spot – point where nerve fibre emerges from the optic nerve / where the optic nerve leaves the eye / point where blood vessels & nerve fibres enter the eye.
Optic nerve – transmit impulses to brain.
Comments

K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2003PP1QN17

18/6/2020

Comments

 

K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2003PP1QN17

Some students used a model to demonstrate the effect of sweating on human body temperature. Two boiling tubes A and B were filled with hot water. The temperature of water in the tubes was taken at the start of the experiment and then at 5 minutes interval. The surface of tube A was continuously wiped with a piece of cotton wool soaked in methylated spirit. The results obtained are shown in the table below.
Picture
a) On the same axes, plot graphs of temperature of water in the tubes against time.
b) At what rate was the water – cooling in tube A?
c) Why was tube B included in the set up?
d) Account for the rate of cooling in tube A.
e) State two processes of heat loss in tube b.
f) What would be the expected results if tube A was insulated?
g) What would the insulation be comparable to in:
i) Bird
ii) Mammals?
h) Name the structures in the human body that detect:
i) External temperature changes
ii) Internal temperature changes
answers
​    b)     80 – 18 = 62; 2.48C /Min
            2.5            25                                      
 
    c)     Control
    d)     Rate was faster in tube A; because the film of methylated sprit evaporated; removing heat from the tube;
    e)     Convection ; radiation
    f)     Lower rate of heat loss;
    g)     i) birds
               Feather
            ii) Mammals?
                Fur
    h)     i) external temperature changes
                Temperature
            ii) Internal temperature changes
                 Hypothalamus
Comments

K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2003PP1QN16

18/6/2020

Comments

 
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2003PP1QN16

K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2003PP1QN16

 a) What is meant by:
i) Autecology
ii) Synecology?
b) The number and distribution of stomata on three different leaves are shown in the table below:
Picture
Suggest the possible habitat of the plants from which the leaves were obtained
Leaf                                                   Habitat
A
B
C
(c) State the modifications found in the stomata of leaf C.
answers
a) i) study of a single species within a community / ecosystem /habitat / environment.
ii) Synecology?
Study of natural communities within an ecosystem
b) Leaf                     Habitat
A                               aquatic / fresh water
B                               Forest; Terrestrial
C                               Arid / semi arid; desert.
c) Sunken
Hairy
Reserved rhythm
Small stomatal pore
Comments

Explain the role of antidiuretic hormone when there is excess water in the human body.

18/6/2020

Comments

 
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2003PP1QN14

Explain the role of antidiuretic hormone when there is excess water in the human body.

Picture
answers
  • Less ADH secreted (by pituitary gland); causing less reabsorption of water in the kidney tubules; thus resulting in dilute urine. 
Comments

K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2003PP1QN15

18/6/2020

Comments

 

K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2003PP1QN15

 A response exhibited by a certain plant tendril is illustrated below.
Picture
​a) i) Name the type of response
ii) Explain how the response named in (a)(i) above occurs
b) What is the importance of tactic responses to microscopic plants?
c) State four applications of plant hormones in agriculture.
answers
a) i) Thigmotropism / haptotropism
ii) Contact with support; causes migration of auxine to enter the side; causing faster growth on the side away from centre of surface (causing tendrils curl around support.)
 b) Escape injurious stimuli / seek favorable habitats; move towards light / stimuli.
c) Induce foot growth in stem cutting
  • Selective weed killers
  • Encourage apical dominance
  • Encourage sprouting of side brances
  • Breaking seeds dormancy
  • Induce pathencarpy
  • Promotes flowering
  • Induce fruit fall
  • Accelerates ripening of fruits.
Comments

Explain how marine fish regulate their osmotic pressure.

18/6/2020

Comments

 
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2003PP1QN14

Explain how marine fish regulate their osmotic pressure.

Picture
answers
  • Swallow plenty of sea water to increase amount of water in the body 
  • Have chloride secretory cells in the gills to remove excess salts
  • Eliminate nitrogenous wastes in form of trimthylamine exide which requires little water for elimination.
  • Few / small glomeruli; thus slow filtration rate in the kidneys.
Comments

K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2003PP1QN13

18/6/2020

Comments

 

K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2003PP1QN13

The diagram below shows gaseous exchange in tissues.
Picture
a) Name the gas that diffuses:
i) To the body cells
ii) From the body cells
b) Which compound dissociates to release the gas named in (a) (i) above?
c) i) what is tissue fluid?
ii) What is the importance of tissue fluid?
d) Name the blood vessel with the highest concentration of:
i) Glucose
ii) Carbon dioxide
answers
​a) i) Oxygen
ii) Carbon dioxide
b) Oxyhaemoglobin
c) i) The blood plasma except blood cells and proteins; that has
 filtered out of the capillaries.
ii) It is a medium of exchange of substances/ materials 
between capillaries and body cells; supply nutrients to cells / supply oxygen to cells / remove waste products from cells.
d) i) Hepatic portal vein
ii) Pulmonary artery
Comments

K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2003PP1QN12c

18/6/2020

Comments

 

K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2003PP1QN12c

In Drosophila Melanogaster, the inheritance of eye colour is sex – linked. The gene of red eye is dominant. A cross was made between a homozygous red – eyed female and a white – eyed male. Work out the phenotypic ration of F1 generation. (Use R to represent the gene for red eyes).
Picture
answers
Picture
Comments

Name two sex – linked traits in humans.

17/6/2020

Comments

 
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2003PP1QN12b

Name two sex – linked traits in humans.

Picture
answers
  • Colour blindness
  • Hair ears / pinna
  • Haemophila
  • Baldness
Comments

What is meant by the term sex – linkage?

17/6/2020

Comments

 
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2003PP1QN12

What is meant by the term sex – linkage?

Picture
answers
  • ​Genes are located on the sex chromosomes; they are transmitted along with those determining sex.
Comments

How are leaves of submerged adapted plants for photosynthesis?

17/6/2020

Comments

 
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2003PP1QN10

How are leaves of submerged adapted plants for photosynthesis?

Picture
answers
  • Numerous chloroplasts to absorb light / epidermis have chloroplasts to absorb light.
  • Deeply divided / truncated leaves / branched leaves to increase surface area.
  • Large air spaces for storage of air / buoyancy; acc parenchyma tissue for storage of air
  • Have no cuticle to facilitate exchange of gases
Comments

Name the causative agent of typhoid.

17/6/2020

Comments

 
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2003PP1QN11.

Name the causative agent of typhoid.

Picture
answer
  • Salmonella typhi; Acc.Bacteria / salmonella alone
Comments

K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2003PP1QN09

17/6/2020

Comments

 

K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2003PP1QN09

 Name the:
a) Material that strengthens xylem tissue.
b) Tissue that is removed when the bark of a dicotyledonous plant is ringed.
Picture
answers
a) lignin
b) Phloem
Comments

State a function of the large intestine in humans

17/6/2020

Comments

 
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2003PP1QN08

State a function of the large intestine in humans

Picture
answers
  • ​Absorption of water; accept absorption of salts / calcium / iron; secretion of mucus
Comments
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