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1. 1989 Q6 P1
The diagram below represents a mammalian bone 
(a) State the functions labelled K and L
(b) State the region of the body in which the bone is found 2. 1991 Q1 P1 State two ways in which skeletal muscle fibers are adapted to their functions 3. 1991 Q5 P1 The diagram below shows the arrangement of bones and muscles in a human arm K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2019PP1QN25
State one characteristic of muscles responsible for each of the following:
(a) peristaltic movement (b) movement of limbs 
answers
​(a) spindle shape
Lack striations/ not striated Uninucleated /one nucleus (b) striated; Numerous mitochondrion; Multinucleated/many nucleus Cylindrical shaped. K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2018PP2QN04
The diagram below illustrates the arrangement of bones in a human arm.
​(a) Name:
(i) the type of joints formed at points H and M. H M (ii) bone G (b) Name bone J and state how it is adapted to its functions. Name Adaptation (c) State one functional difference between a tendon and a ligament.
answers
​a) i. H-Ball and socket (joint);
M - Gliding/planar/plane ii. Clavicle; b) Scapula; Has a spine to increase surface area for muscle attachment; It is broad/flat to increase the surface area for muscle attachment; Forms flexible attachment above the ribs that allows movement of the arms; Has a glenoid cavity/depression for articulation with the humerus/forming the ball and socket joint; Has acromion for articulation with clavicle/for muscle attachment; Has coracoid process to increase surface area for muscle attachment; c) Ligaments hold the bones together (at a joint) while tendons attach muscles to bones; K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2018PP2QN03
The amount of blood flowing tough certain pans in the mammalian body at different activity levels was measured and results tabulated as Shows in the table below.
​(a) Account for:
(i) the high blood flow through the cardiac and skeletal muscles during strenuous exercises. (ii) the results obtained for the alimentary canal at rest. (b)Name two waste materials excreted by both the skin and the kidneys.
answers
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2018PP1QN21
State two ways in which plants with weak stems obtain mechanical support.
answers
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2018PP1QN16
Name the bones that articulate to form a ball and socket joint at the hip.
answers
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2016PP2QN03
The diagram below represents bones at a joint found in the hind limb of a mammal.
​(a) Name the bones labeled X, Y and Z
X Y Z (b) (i) Name the substance fi)und in the place labeled W. (ii) State the function of the substance named in (b) (î) above. (c) Name the structure that joins hones together at the joint. (d) State the difference between ball and socket joint and the one illustrated in the diagram above. (e) Name the structure at the elbow that performs the same function as the patella.
ANSWERS
​(a) X- Femur
Y- Tibia Z- Fibula (b) (i) Synovial fluid (ii) Lubrication of the joint/ shock absorption Distribution of pressure (c) Ligament (d) Ball and socket joint allows movement in all planes while the illustrated allows movement in one plane only. Accept 360 for all planes 180 for one plane (e) Olecranon process
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2016PP1QN29
Name two tissues in plants that provide mechanical support
ANSWERS
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2016PP1QN29
State a characteristic that is common to all cervical vertebrae
ANSWER
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2016PP1QN01
Name the type of muscles found in the following organs.
Stomach Bone
answers
​Stomach - Visceral muscles/ smooth muscle.
Bone - Skeletal muscles K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2014PP1QN21
Name the type of skeleton that makes tip each of the following animals:
(a) locust (b) bird.
ANSWERS
​(a) Exoskeleton;
(b) Endoskeleton;
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2014PP1QN15
Distinguish between a tendon and a ligament.
ANSWERS
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2014PP1QN15
Which type of mammalian muscles is voluntary’?
ANSWER
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2014PP1QN09
State two functions of intervertebral discs in the mammalian skeleton.
ANSWERS
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2013PP2QN05
The diagram below represents a mammalian pelvic girdle.
​(a) How are the structures labelled H and J adapted to their function?
(i) H (ii) J (b) State the function of obturator foramen. (c) (i) Name the bone that articulates with the pelvic girdle at acetabulum. (ii) Name the type of joint formed by the acetabulum and the bone named in (c)(i) above. (d) Name the bone formed by the fusion of caudal vertebrae inhuman beings.
answers
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