Describe how the cervical, lumbar and sacral vertebrae are suited to their functions.

K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2002PP1QN20b

Describe how the cervical, lumbar and sacral vertebrae are suited to their functions.

answers

​ Cervical vertabrae

• Vertebraterial canals for passage of ( vertebral) artery; atlas has ( broad) surfaces for  articulation with condylyses of skulls to permit nodding
• Axis has adenoid process/ protein Centrum to permit rotary/ turning act as a pivot for atlas/ skull/ movement of atlas/ Branched / forked/ short/ broad transverse  processes, for attachment of ( neck) muscles; ace zygopophysis, for articulation between vertebrae ( acc. Vertebraterical canals and zygopophogen  if shown  on a diagram of the vertebrae
• Has a short reduce neural spine, for attachment of ( neck) muscles, has wide / larger neural canal; for passage of spinal cord/ alternatively has wide neural for protection of spinal cord.

Lumbar

• Broad/ long/ neural spine for attachment  of ( powerful  back) muscles  long/ large/ well  development/ transport processes for attachment of  muscles ( that maintain  posture and  flex the muscles)
• Has  metamorphosis and hypothesis for muscle  attachment large/ thick centrums for support
• Prezygapophysis/ post/ zygapophysis for articulation  between vertebrae ( acc. Anapophysis for hypopyses)

Sacral Vertebrae

• Anterior vertebrae has a well developed transverse  process, which are fused to the  pelvis girdle/ articulate with pelvic girdle
• Vertebrae fused, for strength transmit weight of the stationary animal to the rest of the body.
• Sacrum has a broad base/ short neural spine; for attachment of (back)