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The equation below represents a process in a mammalian liver

31/10/2021

Comments

 
The equation below represents a process in a mammalian liver

​(a) Name the process shown by the equation above (1mk)

​Deamination;

​(b) List down a carbohydrate that is;-

(i) Stored in the mammalian liver (1mk)

Glycogen;

(ii) Found in abundance in mammalian blood (1mk)

​Glucose;

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Comments

Name two functions of sodium in human body

30/10/2021

Comments

 

Name two functions of sodium in human body (2mks)

  • Formation of the harmone thyropine;
  • Nerve impulse transmission;

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Comments

State the role of light in photosynthesis

30/10/2021

Comments

 

​State the role of light in photosynthesis (1mk)

​Photolysis/provides energy required for splitting water molecules into hydrogen ions and oxygen gas;

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Comments

Explain the role of enzymes in living cells

16/9/2021

Comments

 

​(a) Explain the role of enzymes in living cells (1mk)

  • Enzymes speed up/slows down the rate of chemical reaction/metabolism in the body; without being used up

​(b) The graph below shows the effects of temperature on the rate of reaction of the enzymes salivary amylase

The graph below shows the effects of temperature on the rate of reaction of the enzymes salivary amylase
The graph above shows the effects of temperature on the rate of reaction of the enzymes salivary amylase

​(i) Account for the changes in the curve between C and D (1mk)

  • The rate of reaction decrease/drop as temperature increase (beyond 40 degrees C) due to denaturation of enzymes

​(ii) What does the dotted line represent? (1mk)

  • Normal human temperature/the optimum for the enzyme salivary amylase

​(c) Explain how the following factors affect the rate of enzyme activity
(i) Temperature (2mks)

Enzyme are proteinous in nature; are sensitive to temperature, changes/ work best within narrow range of temperature /have maximum activity at optimum temperature; temperatures above optimum destroy enzymes structure/denature enzyme  while those  below optimum lower enzyme activity  due to inactivation enzymes.

​(ii) Substrate concentration (2mks)

Increases in substrate concentration increases enzyme activity up to a certain level; this is due to an increase in the number of active sites; until all active sites of the enzyme are occupied.

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Comments

The diagram below shows a tip of a plant coleoptile with light coming towards it from one side

11/9/2021

Comments

 
Picture
The diagram ABOVE shows a tip of a plant coleoptile with light coming towards it from one side

​(a) How would the plant respond to light? (1mk)

  • by bending/curving

​(b) Give the name of such response (1mk)

  • positive phototropism 

(c) What is the advantage of plants responding in this way? (2mks)

  • exposes the leaves in position to maximize light absorption hence enhancing photosynthesis

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Comments

The set up below shows apparatus to demonstrate a certain biological process

7/9/2021

Comments

 
Picture

(a) What biological process was being investigated in the experiment (1mk)

Gas produced during anaerobic respiration

(b)Write down a word equation that represents the reaction above (1mk)    

Glucose     >       Ethanol + Carbon (IV) oxide +Energy

(c) In the above set up, why was it important to boil and cool glucose before adding yeast? (1mk)

To remove O2; cooling to provide suitable temperature for enzymatic reactions/ avoid destroying/killing yeast


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Comments

​Give two destinations of food translocated from the leaves of plants

5/9/2021

Comments

 

​Give two destinations of food translocated from the leaves of plants. (2mks)

  1. ​To roots/stems for storage
  2. Oxidizes to produce energy
  3. Converted into fats and oils
  4. Converted into cellulose to make new cell walls

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Comments

​Most terrestrial plants do not grow well in waterlogged soils. Give a reason for this

5/9/2021

Comments

 

​Most terrestrial plants do not grow well in waterlogged soils. Give a reason for this (1mk)

Lack of O2for respiration


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Comments

Nutrition in Plants and Animals Questions and Answers

8/11/2020

Comments

 

NUTRITION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

​The diagram below shows chemical reactions I, and II which are controlled by enzymes respectively.

1.  1989 Q1 P1
Name reaction II and enzyme B
​Name reaction II and enzyme B

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Comments

K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2019PP2QN06

2/7/2020

Comments

 

K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2019PP2QN06

 The table below shows the rate of product formation for two enzymes, H and J over a range of pH values
Picture
(a) On the same axis, plot graphs of the rate of product formation against pH. 
  GRAPH PAPER
(b) Account for the rate of product formation for enzyme H between:
(i) pH 1.0 and 3.0 
(ii) pH 3.0 and 7.0. 
(c) From the graph, determine: .
(i) the pH value at which the rate of product formation of the two enzymes was the same 
(ii) the value of the rate of product formation for enzymes H and J at the pH value stated in (c)(i) above 
(iii) the optimum pH value for enzyme J 
(d) State one variable that may lead to the change in the optimum rate of product-formation of the two enzymes. 
(e) Suggest with a reason, the likely part of the human alimentary canal where enzyme H would be found.
answers
Picture
​(b) (i) Rate of product formation increases with the increase in pH to the optimum then decreases;
   pH 5 is the optimum pH value for activity of enzyme H; between pH 1 and 2 enzyme H/enzyme molecules are activated; Between pH 2 and 3 enzyme H (enzyme molecules) are denatured/destroyed; (. Enzyme is inactivated/ less active for denatured
(ii) Rate of product formation (sharply) decreases with increase in pH; Enzyme H is (not formed by increase in pH hence is denatured); No product forms above pH 4.0 to 7.0; because all enzymes (enzyme molecules) are denatured;
(c) (i) 4.0
   (ii) 15.0 mg/hr
    (iii) 7.0
(d) -Temperature
-Substrate concentration;
-Enzyme concentration;
-Cofactors
-Co-enzymes
-(Enzyme) inhibitors
(e) Stomach;
Acidic medium/Low pH
Comments

K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2019PP1QN19

2/7/2020

Comments

 

K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2019PP1QN19

 Below is a diagram of the human digestive system.
Picture
​(a) Label with Y on the diagram where enzyme amylase is produced. 
(b) Besides the digestive role, explain one other function of the part labelled H. 
answers
Picture
(b) Endocrine function/secrets (insulin/ glucagon) hormones; responsible for blood sugar regulation;
Comments

Name the type of tooth in carnivores mainly used for piercing and killing of preys.

2/7/2020

Comments

 
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2019PP1QN18

Name the type of tooth in carnivores mainly used for piercing and killing of preys.

Picture
answers
  •  canine acc. canines
Comments

Distinguish between chemical and mechanical digestion.

1/7/2020

Comments

 
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2019PP1QN07

Distinguish between chemical and mechanical digestion.

Picture
answers
  • chemical digestion entails the action on / broken down of ingested food materials (in the alimentary canal) by the action of digestive enzymes (and converted into form that can be easily absorbed or assimilated in to the body system)while mechanical digestion refers to physical break down of(large) food molecules (into smaller form or pieces )which can subsequently be acted upon by digestive enzymes 
Comments

Describe what happens to a meal rich in proteins along the alimentary canal from ingestion to egestion.

1/7/2020

Comments

 
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2018PP2QN08

Describe what happens to a meal rich in proteins along the alimentary canal from ingestion to egestion.

Picture
answers
​The meal is ingested through the mouth; (In the mouth), it is chewed/masticated (by teeth); to reduce/break it into smaller particles; mixed with saliva (from salivary gland);
The food is then rolled (by the tongue) into boluses; and pushed down into the oesophaghus/swallowed; The boluses move by peristalsis (into the stomach);
Constant contractions/relaxations of the stomach walls mix the food, (giving rise to chime); Presence of food in the stomach further stimulates production of gastric juice; which contains pepsinogen; and rennin/chymosin; Pepsinogen is activated to pepsin; by hydrochloric acid; (contained in the gastric juice). Pepsin breaks down proteins to peptides;
Rennin converts/coagulates the protein, caseinogen; in milk to casein; (which is abundant in young children). It is then pushed into the duodenum (through the pyloric sphincter); Pancreatic juice in the duodenum contains trypsin; which digests proteins into peptides; (secreted in an inactive form, trypsinogen)
In the ileum, intestinal juice/Succus enfericus is secreted; It contains peptidase enzymes; which breaks down polypeptides into amino acids; It also contains polypeptidase enzyme; which breaks down peptides to amino acids,completing the process of digestion of the proteins;
The amino acids are absorbed into the bloodstream/pass through the epithelia of the villi, and the capillary walls into the blood-stream; by active transport;
The undigested/indigestible proteins/food substances pass through to the colon/large intestines; where water is absorbed; leaving a semi-solid waste material being passed on to the rectum; then out through the anus (as faeces);
Comments

Which sets of teeth would be used in chewing sugarcane for maximum extraction of sap?

1/7/2020

Comments

 
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2018PP1QN03

Which sets of teeth would be used in chewing sugarcane for maximum extraction of sap?

Picture
answers
  • Premolars; molars;
Comments
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