KCSE HOME SCIENCE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Outline four ways in which cosmetics can be misused.

4/6/2020

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Outline four ways in which cosmetics can be misused.

Sharing cosmetics as this could lead to contamination.
Using cosmetics that have changed colour, smell or texture.
Not following the instructions on the use.
Not washing hands before applying cosmetics as this could lead to infection.
Not storing the cosmetics properly, exposing them to heat and sunlight which may alter their composition and effectiveness.
Using cosmetics that do not have ingredient declaration.
Certain ingredients may cause allergies or dangerous effects.
Using on dirty skin over old make up.

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Explain four benefits of living in a well ventilated house.

4/6/2020

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Explain four benefits of living in a well ventilated house.

The working atmosphere is good since all the surplus heat from people and machinery is removed.
All odours are removed from the room.
Humidity is removed from the room making it fresh and thus improving people’s concentration.
Air pollutants are removed from the room.
Allows free circulation of air thus preventing any spread of airborne diseases such as influenza, tuberculosis.

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Describe the functioning of each of the following;Electric Air fan and Air conditioner

4/6/2020

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Describe the functioning of each of the following;Electric Air fan and Air conditioner

Electric Air Fans

These are devices that are fitted with rotary fan blades and operated using electricity. When the fan blades are set into rotation the fan sets the air inside a room into currents.

Air conditioner

This is a device that absorbs stale air from the inside of a room and replaces it with fresh cooled air from the outside of a room.

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Outline three remedies for each of the following machine faults;

4/6/2020

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Outline three remedies for each of the following machine faults;

Needle breaking

Fix the needle ¡n the correct position firmly.
Replace the needles as it may have been defective.
Check to ensure that the size of needle is appropriate for thickness and density of fabric.
Check to ensure that the pressor foot is inserted correctly.
Avoid sewing over pins.

Fabric puckering;

Lower the thread tension especially for fine fabrics.
Lower the pressor foot pressure.
Stretch the fabric under the pressor foot manually.
In case of multiple stitching sew in one direction only.
Reduce the sewing speed.

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Explain four rules to observe when removing stains from a garment.

4/6/2020

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Explain four rules to observe when removing stains from a garment.

Remove stains when they are still fresh. Stains will get fixed with time and therefore become difficult to remove.
Identify the kind of stain and type of fabric affected in order to use a suitable stain remover.
If type of stain is unknown, start with milder stain removal methods such as soaking according to fabric, then later use solutions of milder reagents.
Once the stain has been removed, rinse the article well to remove traces of the reagent.
Work from outside towards the inside to avoid spreading the stain.

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Describe three ways in which a facing can be used to create a decorative effect.

4/6/2020

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Describe three ways in which a facing can be used to create a decorative effect.

Shaping the edges in a decorative way such as scalloping.
Cutting the facing on a different grain from that of the garment section.
Turning the facing to the right side of the garment and then caught down with a decorative stitch.
Using a different colour of fabric from that of the garment.
Using fabrics of different texture.

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Explain four factors that determine the dietary needs of individual family members.

4/6/2020

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Explain four factors that determine the dietary needs of individual family members.

State of health

The nutritional needs of those who are ill will differ from those who are enjoying good health
The specific diet will depend on the nature of illness however they will require more of the protective and body-building foods and less of energy foods.

Age

All growing babies, children, adolescents need higher proportions of protein, protective and energy-giving foods.
The elderly whose body activity has decreased need relatively more proteins and protective foods than Any carbohydrates, they may require more dietary fibre and vitamin D.

Occupation

The type of work one is engaged in will determine the nutritional requirements, those doing manual work will require more energy giving foods.

The size of the body

Large bodies will require more energy giving foods to maintain vital processes.

Gender

Men require more energy than women because of their body structure.

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Describe three principles of food preservation.

4/6/2020

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Describe three principles of food preservation.

Application of heat

This is heating foods to a high temperature in order to kill the microorganisms that would otherwise cause food . spoilage. Bacteria, yeast, moulds and natural enzymes are destroyed by heat. .

Removal of water

Water in foods is removed or reduced to inhibit or inactivate the enzymes and microorganisms which cause food spoilage. This is done through drying and dehydration.

Exclusion of oxygen

Air is removed during bottling and canning. Microorganisms need air to grow and therefore with exclusion of air they are destroyed.

Freezing

Low temperatures inhibit/inactivate the growth of enzymes and microorganisms thus deterring any further spoilage.

Addition of sugar, salt, vinegar or chemical preservatives

A high concentration of sugar, salt, acids and chemical preservatives inhibit the growth of microorganisms that are responsible for food deterioration and help food stay long while fresh.

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Explain three reasons why impulse buying should be discouraged.

4/6/2020

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Explain three reasons why impulse buying should be discouraged.

A consumer may Buy things they do not really need.
A consumer may Not get value for money since there is no time to do window shopping.
A consumer may End up not following his/her budget.
A consumer may Buy expired goods that are sometimes put on sale.

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You are planning to attend your brother’s wedding party. Describe the procedure you would follow to;Thorough clean the leather handbag with a polyester lining that you will use.

4/6/2020

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You are planning to attend your brother’s wedding party. Describe the procedure you would follow to;Thorough clean the leather handbag with a polyester lining that you will use.

Empty the handbag of its contents.
Brush the top of the handbag.
Wipe the polyester lining using a cloth wrung out of warm soapy water.
Wipe the lining with a clean cloth wrung out of clean warm water
Wipe the handbag with a damp cloth.
Apply cream sparingly and evenly using a clean rag
Leave for a few minutes for the cream to set.
Rub firmly with a clean rag .
Use a clean fluffy cloth to buff the handbag.
Stuff before storing.

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Outline four ways in which cosmetics can be misused.

Outline four ways in which cosmetics can be misused.

Explain four benefits of living in a well ventilated house.

Explain four benefits of living in a well ventilated house.

Describe the functioning of each of the following;Electric Air fan and Air conditioner

Describe the functioning of each of the following;Electric Air fan and Air conditioner

Outline three remedies for each of the following machine faults;

Outline three remedies for each of the following machine faults;

Explain four rules to observe when removing stains from a garment.

Explain four rules to observe when removing stains from a garment.

Describe three ways in which a facing can be used to create a decorative effect.

Describe three ways in which a facing can be used to create a decorative effect.

Explain four factors that determine the dietary needs of individual family members.

Explain four factors that determine the dietary needs of individual family members.

Describe three principles of food preservation.

Describe three principles of food preservation.

Explain three reasons why impulse buying should be discouraged.

Explain three reasons why impulse buying should be discouraged.

You are planning to attend your brother’s wedding party. Describe the procedure you would follow to;Thorough clean the leather handbag with a polyester lining that you will use.

You are planning to attend your brother’s wedding party. Describe the procedure you would follow to;Thorough clean the leather handbag with a polyester lining that you will use.

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