KCSE HOME SCIENCE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Outline four ways in which cosmetics can be misused.

4/6/2020

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Outline four ways in which cosmetics can be misused.

Sharing cosmetics as this could lead to contamination.
Using cosmetics that have changed colour, smell or texture.
Not following the instructions on the use.
Not washing hands before applying cosmetics as this could lead to infection.
Not storing the cosmetics properly, exposing them to heat and sunlight which may alter their composition and effectiveness.
Using cosmetics that do not have ingredient declaration.
Certain ingredients may cause allergies or dangerous effects.
Using on dirty skin over old make up.

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Explain four benefits of living in a well ventilated house.

4/6/2020

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Explain four benefits of living in a well ventilated house.

The working atmosphere is good since all the surplus heat from people and machinery is removed.
All odours are removed from the room.
Humidity is removed from the room making it fresh and thus improving people’s concentration.
Air pollutants are removed from the room.
Allows free circulation of air thus preventing any spread of airborne diseases such as influenza, tuberculosis.

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Describe the functioning of each of the following;Electric Air fan and Air conditioner

4/6/2020

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Describe the functioning of each of the following;Electric Air fan and Air conditioner

Electric Air Fans

These are devices that are fitted with rotary fan blades and operated using electricity. When the fan blades are set into rotation the fan sets the air inside a room into currents.

Air conditioner

This is a device that absorbs stale air from the inside of a room and replaces it with fresh cooled air from the outside of a room.

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Outline three remedies for each of the following machine faults;

4/6/2020

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Outline three remedies for each of the following machine faults;

Needle breaking

Fix the needle ¡n the correct position firmly.
Replace the needles as it may have been defective.
Check to ensure that the size of needle is appropriate for thickness and density of fabric.
Check to ensure that the pressor foot is inserted correctly.
Avoid sewing over pins.

Fabric puckering;

Lower the thread tension especially for fine fabrics.
Lower the pressor foot pressure.
Stretch the fabric under the pressor foot manually.
In case of multiple stitching sew in one direction only.
Reduce the sewing speed.

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Explain four rules to observe when removing stains from a garment.

4/6/2020

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Explain four rules to observe when removing stains from a garment.

Remove stains when they are still fresh. Stains will get fixed with time and therefore become difficult to remove.
Identify the kind of stain and type of fabric affected in order to use a suitable stain remover.
If type of stain is unknown, start with milder stain removal methods such as soaking according to fabric, then later use solutions of milder reagents.
Once the stain has been removed, rinse the article well to remove traces of the reagent.
Work from outside towards the inside to avoid spreading the stain.

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Describe three ways in which a facing can be used to create a decorative effect.

4/6/2020

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Describe three ways in which a facing can be used to create a decorative effect.

Shaping the edges in a decorative way such as scalloping.
Cutting the facing on a different grain from that of the garment section.
Turning the facing to the right side of the garment and then caught down with a decorative stitch.
Using a different colour of fabric from that of the garment.
Using fabrics of different texture.

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Explain four factors that determine the dietary needs of individual family members.

4/6/2020

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Explain four factors that determine the dietary needs of individual family members.

State of health

The nutritional needs of those who are ill will differ from those who are enjoying good health
The specific diet will depend on the nature of illness however they will require more of the protective and body-building foods and less of energy foods.

Age

All growing babies, children, adolescents need higher proportions of protein, protective and energy-giving foods.
The elderly whose body activity has decreased need relatively more proteins and protective foods than Any carbohydrates, they may require more dietary fibre and vitamin D.

Occupation

The type of work one is engaged in will determine the nutritional requirements, those doing manual work will require more energy giving foods.

The size of the body

Large bodies will require more energy giving foods to maintain vital processes.

Gender

Men require more energy than women because of their body structure.

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Describe three principles of food preservation.

4/6/2020

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Describe three principles of food preservation.

Application of heat

This is heating foods to a high temperature in order to kill the microorganisms that would otherwise cause food . spoilage. Bacteria, yeast, moulds and natural enzymes are destroyed by heat. .

Removal of water

Water in foods is removed or reduced to inhibit or inactivate the enzymes and microorganisms which cause food spoilage. This is done through drying and dehydration.

Exclusion of oxygen

Air is removed during bottling and canning. Microorganisms need air to grow and therefore with exclusion of air they are destroyed.

Freezing

Low temperatures inhibit/inactivate the growth of enzymes and microorganisms thus deterring any further spoilage.

Addition of sugar, salt, vinegar or chemical preservatives

A high concentration of sugar, salt, acids and chemical preservatives inhibit the growth of microorganisms that are responsible for food deterioration and help food stay long while fresh.

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Explain three reasons why impulse buying should be discouraged.

4/6/2020

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Explain three reasons why impulse buying should be discouraged.

A consumer may Buy things they do not really need.
A consumer may Not get value for money since there is no time to do window shopping.
A consumer may End up not following his/her budget.
A consumer may Buy expired goods that are sometimes put on sale.

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Outline the steps to follow when mending a gaping seam on an apron.

3/6/2020

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Outline the steps to follow when mending a gaping seam on an apron.

Mend before washing.
Remove any loose threads in the areas to be mended.
Hold with pins the old stitches line adding some extra ungaped portion if possible to prevent any further gaping.
Press the seam.
Tack the seam using temporary stitches.
Remove the pins.
Make permanent stitches
Remove the temporary stitches
Press the seam.

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Explain four qualities of a well made cuff.

3/6/2020

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Explain four qualities of a well made cuff.

The type of seam is appropriate to the type of fabric, the position of the seam, the projected care of the garment, quality, and design.
Stitch length is appropriate to the fabric and to the expected stress at the stitched location.
Gathers are uniform and evenly distributed and stitched so as not to form pleats.
Gathers are pressed flat only in the seam allowance
The fashion fabric and the underlining fabric relate well—the garment is neither over-supported nor under-supported for the desired design effect.
The interfacing complements and reinforces the fashion fabric without overpowering it.
Interlinings are of lightweight or open weave fabrics with insulating properties.
The lining is on the same grain as the fashion fabric
Functional applied pockets are positioned at a location convenient for use.
The width of the binding is even.
Facings lie smoothly with no ripples or puckers.
The width of the band is even unless otherwise designed.
Under stitching holds the facing (neckline, collar, cuff, pocket) in place.

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Explain three factors to consider when caring for a white nylon shirt.

3/6/2020

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Explain three factors to consider when caring for a white nylon shirt.

Avoid exposure to direct sunlight as it will yellow.
Avoid rubbing as it piles.
Avoid high temperature as it destroys the fibre/melts/burns/scorch.
Do not bleach as it will turn yellow.
Wash separately from coloured garments to avoid discolouration

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State one function of any three of the bedding items mentioned in (i).

3/6/2020

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State one function of any three of the bedding items mentioned in (i).

Waterproof sheet to protect the mattress or pad
Mosquito netting to protect it from insect bites
Blankets to keep warm in cool weather

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Give the systematic order of placing bedding items when preparing a bed.

3/6/2020

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Give the systematic order of placing bedding items when preparing a bed.

A firm mattress
Under blanket
Sheets made of washable cotton material.
Blankets to keep warm.
Mosquito netting

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Outline the procedure of caring for a household duster after use.

3/6/2020

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Outline the procedure of caring for a household duster after use.

Shake outside after use/remove any unwanted material.
Soak /in cold water.
Wash thoroughly in warm soapy water
Rinse in warm water and finally in cold water to refreshen the fabric
Dry in the open air
Store in a dry well ventilated place

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Highlight four pieces of information found on a receipt of goods sold.

3/6/2020

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Highlight four pieces of information found on a receipt of goods sold.

Date
Client’s name
Payment of
Paid By
Received By
Amount
Cash/ Cheque

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Giving a reason in each case, state four rules to observe when making short crust pastry.

3/6/2020

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Giving a reason in each case, state four rules to observe when making short crust pastry.

All ingredients must be weighed accurately to come up with a quality product
The mixture should be aerated as much as possible to allow proper raising of the product
Pastry should be kept as cool as possible to avoid the fat melting
The pastry should be handled as little as possible to avoid hardening the product
The pastry should be rolled on a light floured surface to avoid sticking
Pastry should be rolled with light to and fro movement to avoid extracting the trapped air
The pastry should be baked in a fairly hot oven so that the water is quickly turned to steam to puff up the pastry
All measured liquids should be added at once to give an even texture.

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Explain four reasons why it would not be advisable to buy a refrigerator on hire purchase.

3/6/2020

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Explain four reasons why it would not be advisable to buy a refrigerator on hire purchase.

The final cost paid increases from the original as one has to pay the interest charged.
It may wear out before the final payments are made.
If one is unable to pay the monthly interest one will lose the refrigerator and the money already paid.
Payments are not negotiable as when buying at cash.
One misses joy of using the refrigerator fully until the whole amount is paid.

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Explain two disadvantages of preserving food,

3/6/2020

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Explain two disadvantages of preserving food,

May lead to destruction of some nutrients.
Food may change in taste/flavour and colour.
May lead to food poisoning if poorly preserved.
Some foods are rendered unsuitable to some groups of people.

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State two principles of food preservation

3/6/2020

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State two principles of food preservation

Application of heat.
Removal of water/moisture/dehydration.
Exclusion of air/oxygen.
Reduction of temperature.
Application of preservatives /chemicals

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Explain four factors that may affect normal foetal development.

3/6/2020

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Explain four factors that may affect normal foetal development.

Alcohol consumption by the mother
May cause the baby to be underweight during birth
Smoking by the mother - may cause underweight and respiratory diseases.
Trauma
Any unpleasant experience that causes distress for an expectant mother can cause miscarriage.
Drugs
May cause the baby to be underweight during birth, others may lead to miscarriage.
German measles
May deform the foetus if it occurs during the first three months of pregnancy.
Nutrient deficiency
May cause the baby to be mentally and physically retarded.
STI's may cause: still births, damage to nervous system, blindness, eye and ear infections, genital herpes.
HIV/AIDS: the child gets infected with HIV.

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Explain four ways of ventilating a room using windows.

3/6/2020

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Explain four ways of ventilating a room using windows.

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Highlight four pieces of information found on a receipt of goods sold.

3/6/2020

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Highlight four pieces of information found on a receipt of goods sold.

Name and address of the seller
Date of the sale
An exact description of goods sold
The quantity of goods sold
The price charged.

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Explain four factors to consider when choosing a seam in garment construction.

3/6/2020

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Explain four factors to consider when choosing a seam in garment construction.

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Classify laundry equipment and in each case give two examples.

3/6/2020

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Classify laundry equipment and in each case give two examples.

For washing, for example basins, buckets, laundry brushes, boilers, washing machines
For drying, for example clotheslines, pegs, drying racks, dryers, mangles
For finishing, for example iron box, ironing board, ironing surfaces
For storage, for example drawers, cupboards, trunks

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KCSE Home Science Questions With Answers

Outline four ways in which cosmetics can be misused.

Explain four benefits of living in a well ventilated house.

Describe the functioning of each of the following;Electric Air fan and Air conditioner

Outline three remedies for each of the following machine faults;

Explain four rules to observe when removing stains from a garment.

Describe three ways in which a facing can be used to create a decorative effect.

Explain four factors that determine the dietary needs of individual family members.

Describe three principles of food preservation.

Explain three reasons why impulse buying should be discouraged.

Outline the steps to follow when mending a gaping seam on an apron.

Explain four qualities of a well made cuff.

Explain three factors to consider when caring for a white nylon shirt.

State one function of any three of the bedding items mentioned in (i).

Give the systematic order of placing bedding items when preparing a bed.

Outline the procedure of caring for a household duster after use.

Highlight four pieces of information found on a receipt of goods sold.

Giving a reason in each case, state four rules to observe when making short crust pastry.

Explain four reasons why it would not be advisable to buy a refrigerator on hire purchase.

Explain two disadvantages of preserving food,

State two principles of food preservation

Explain four factors that may affect normal foetal development.

Explain four ways of ventilating a room using windows.

Highlight four pieces of information found on a receipt of goods sold.

Explain four factors to consider when choosing a seam in garment construction.

Classify laundry equipment and in each case give two examples.

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