ATIKA SCHOOL
  • Start
    • SITEMAP
    • KNEC Portal
    • ZERAKI HELP AND SUPPORT
    • Academic Environment
    • KNEC KCSE PROJECT INSTRUCTIONS
  • BLOGS
    • About Us? >
      • Learn more about us
    • CUSTOMER CARE >
      • PRICING
      • Help & Support
    • News and Opinions
    • JOBS IN KENYA AND ABROAD FOR KENYANS AND BEYOND
    • How its Done
  • OUR PRODUCTS
    • All Categories >
      • MORE PRODUCTS >
        • SECONDARY CRE NOTES
        • COURSE BOOKS
        • KCSE KISWAHILI SETBOOKS
        • Backed Up Files and Archives
        • FREE DOCUMENTS
        • PRIMARY 8-4-4 BASED RESOURCES
        • STANDARD 8 RESOURCES
        • HIGH SCHOOL RESOURCES >
          • Biology Paper 3 Exams
          • Secondary Examinations
        • PRIMARY CBC BASED RESOURCES
        • COLLEGE & VARSITY RESOURCES
      • PRIMARY RESOURCES CBC
      • PRIMARY RESOURCES 8-4-4
      • SECONDARY RESOURCES
      • NOTES & TUTORIALS
      • COLLEGE RESOURCES
      • NOVELS and OTHER BOOKS
    • EXAMINATIONS >
      • MOCKS AND JOINT EXAMS >
        • FORM 1 QUESTION PAPERS, ANSWERS AND MARKING SCHEMES COLLECTIONS
        • FORM 2 QUESTION PAPERS, ANSWERS AND MARKING SCHEMES COLLECTIONS
        • FORM 3 EXAMINATIONS, QUESTION PAPERS AND ANSWERS
        • FORM 4 MOCKS PAST EXAMS BY REGION
        • TOP SECONDARY EXAMS ALL SUBJECTS
      • KPSEA NATIONAL EXAMS
      • KCPE >
        • KCPE PAST PAPERS AND ANSWERS >
          • KCPE 2020 RESULTS, REPORTS, QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
          • KCPE PAST PAPERS 2019 REPORTS, RESULTS, QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
        • KCPE PAST PAPERS PER SUBJECT
      • KCSE >
        • KCSE PAST PAPERS BY SUBJECT
        • KNEC KCSE PAST PAPERS, MARKING SCHEMES, QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
        • Free KCSE Past Papers Mathematics
        • Free KCSE Biology Questions and Answers
      • QUESTIONS & ANSWERS >
        • SECONDARY >
          • LANGUAGES >
            • Secondary English Questions and Answers
          • TECHNICALS >
            • COMPUTER STUDIES >
              • COMPUTER STUDIES Q & A
              • kcse computer studies paper 2 AND 3 Questions & Answers
            • BUSINESS STUDIES QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
            • KCSE AGRICULTURE TOPICAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
            • KCSE HOME SCIENCE DIRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
          • SCIENCES >
            • KCSE Mathematics Topical Questions
            • KCSE Biology Topical Questions and Answers
            • CHEMISTRY TOPICAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
            • KCSE Physics Topical Questions
            • KCSE physics Practical Sample Quiz
          • HUMANITIES >
            • C.R.E (CRE) QUESTION AND ANSWERS
            • ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION (IRE) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
            • KCSE History Topical Questions and Answers
            • GEOGRAPHY TOPICAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
        • PRIMARY >
          • Standard 4-8 Mathematics Topical Questions from Mocks and KCPE
          • Std 6 Mathematics Notes
    • TUTORIALS >
      • SECONDARY >
        • SCIENCES >
          • FOCUS MATHEMATICS TUTORIALS AND EXAMS FREE
          • KCSE BIOLOGY NOTES
          • FREE KCSE CHEMISTRY NOTES
          • KCSE PHYSICS NOTES, AUDIOVISUALS AND MORE
        • LANGUAGES >
          • ENGLISH >
            • A GUIDE TO SILENT SONG AND OTHER STORIES
            • English KCSE Set Books
            • ENGLISH POETRY QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS FOR K.C.S.E CANDIDATES
            • ENGLISH GRAMMAR #KCSE
          • KISWAHILI >
            • Bembea ya Maisha
            • CHOZI LA HERI - MWONGOZO
            • KIGOGO - MWONGOZO
            • MASWALI NA MAJIBU YA TUMBO LISILOSHIBA
            • USHAIRI MASWALI NA MAJIBU
            • KCSE Kiswahili Fasihi
        • TECHNICALS >
          • HOME SCIENCE NOTES
          • KCSE BUSINESS STUDIES NOTES
          • COMPUTER STUDIES NOTES LATEST
          • kcse Computer Studies Notes
          • KCSE AGRICULTURE NOTES, SYLLABUS, QUESTIONS, ANSWERS, SCHEMES OF WORK AND OTHERS
        • HUMANITIES >
          • KCSE History Notes Form 1 to 4
          • FREE KCSE CRE NOTES
          • KCSE GEOGRAPHY NOTES
          • IRE NOTES, AUDIOVISUAL, QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
      • PRIMARY >
        • STANDARD 4: SOCIAL STUDIES
        • NOTES >
          • KISWAHILI
          • SOCIAL STUDIES
        • EXAMINATIONS
        • DecaTurbo Online Series Examinations
        • KCPE Mathematics Notes
        • KCPE and Primary Level Compositions
      • Other Supportive Documents >
        • SYLLABUS >
          • Primary 8-4-4 based Syllabus, Objectives and Lessons
          • Primary Mathematics Syllabus
        • MASOMO VIDEOS
    • CURRICULUM >
      • NEW CURRICULUM DESIGNS >
        • PRIMARY >
          • PRE PRIMARY ONE CURRICULUM WITH SYLLABUS
          • PRE PRIMARY TWO CURRICULUM WITH SYLLABUS
        • SECONDARY >
          • KNEC KCSE SYLLABUS AND COURSE OUTLINES
        • COLLEGE >
          • Regulations for the TIVET Craft and Diploma Business Examinations
    • HIGH INSTITUTIONS >
      • EXAMINATIONS >
        • College and Varsity Past Papers online
      • TUTORIALS >
        • COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY NOTES AND TUTORIALS
  • MEMBERS RESOURCES
    • Primary >
      • CBC AND 8-4-4 LATEST EXAMS
      • CBC PROFFESSIONAL TOOLS
      • CBC NOTES PRIMARY
      • CBC KPSEA EXAMS
      • Standard 8 (std) English Topical Questions
      • KCPE MATHEMATICS TOPICAL QUESTIONS FROM 1989 TO LAST YEAR
      • STANDARD 8 PAST PAPERS 8-4-4 BASED
    • Secondary >
      • FORM 1 EXAMS WITH ANSWERS
      • FORM 2 EXAMS WITH ANSWERS
      • FORM 3 EXAMS WITH ANSWERS
      • FORM 4 EXAMS WITH ANSWERS
      • KCSE 2020 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
      • NOTES SECONDARY
      • MOCKS SECONDARY >
        • kcse form 2 mathematics questions
    • Free Schemes of Work
    • FOCUS A365 SERIES K.C.P.E EXAMINATIONS FOR PRIMARY
    • ALL GROUPS PRODUCTS
    • PREMIUM PRODUCTS 2

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION - KCSE BUSINESS STUDIES NOTES, AUDIOVISUALS, QUESTION AND ANSWER

20/4/2018

0 Comments

 
  • CONTENT
  • NOTES
  • Q & A
<
>

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
  1. explain the meaning of distribution
  2. describe the various channels of distribution
  3. discuss the role of intermediaries in the distribution chain
  4. discuss the factors which may influence choice of a distribution channel.
Picture

​CONTENT

  1. Meaning o f distribution
  2. Channels of distribution
  3. Intermediaries in the distribution chain
  4. Distribution of various products
  5. Choosing a distribution channel

Introduction

Channels of distribution are the paths that goods and or services follow from the producers to the final users.
The persons involved in the distribution of goods from the producer to consumer are called middlemen or intermediaries.
There are different channels that different products follow. Some of the channels include the following:
  1. Producer to agent to wholesaler to retailer to consumer.
  2. Producer to co – operative society to marketing board to wholesaler to retailer to consumer.
  3. Producer to marketing board to wholesaler to retailer to consumer.
  4. Producer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer.
  5. Producer to wholesaler to consumer
  6. Producer to retailer to consumer
  7. Producer to consumer

Costs incurred by middlemen while distributing goods

  1. Buying costs. They incur this cost by paying for them from the producers or other middlemen.
  2. Transport cost. Some middlemen do transport goods from the producer to other middlemen or to the final users.
  3. Storage costs. Middlemen do keep the goods until their demand arises. This will therefore require them to hire or construct their own warehouses.
  4. Advertising or marketing costs. Some middlemen do carry out marketing of goods on behalf of the producers and other middlemen. In the process, they pay for such services.
  5. Insurance costs. Middlemen do insure the goods they are trading in to ensure compensation in the event of loss.
  6. Operation costs. Middlemen just like other businesses do incur operating costs such as salaries to employees, electricity, maintenance among others.
  7. Preparation costs. Some middlemen to prepare goods before they are sold to the consumers. Such activities include packing, assembling and blending. They have to meet such costs on behalf the producer, other middlemen and consumers.

Roles of Middlemen

The following are some the roles performed by middlemen in the chain of distribution
  1. Bulk accumulation (assembling). They similar goods from different producers in small quantities and then offering the large amount gathered to buyers who may want to buy in large volumes.
  2. Reducing transactions. The interactions between the producers and the consumers will be reduced since the middlemen are the ones who will be communicating to the consumers.
  3. Bulk breaking. They buy in large quantities and then sell in small quantities as desired by the consumers.
  4. Risk taking. They assume all the risks related with the movement of goods from the producers to the consumers. Such risks include theft, damages, loss due to bad debts.
  5. Finance provision. Middlemen provide finance to the producers by buying goods in large quantities and paying for them in time.
  6. Provision of information. Middlemen gather market information from the consumers then pass to the producers who in turn produce goods in line with the tastes of consumers.
  7. Marketing/product promotion. Middlemen are involved in marketing of goods hence stimulating the interest of consumers.
  8. Provision of transport. Middlemen do transport goods from the producers up to the where the consumers can access them. Both the producers and consumers are hence relieved of transport costs.
  9. Storage
  10. Variety provision
  11. Availing goods to consumers

Factors to Consider Before Selecting a Distribution Channel

Factors that influence the choice of a distribution channel include the following:
  1. Product nature. Perishable products should be sold directly to the consumers because delays may result to losses since they go bad fast. In addition, bulky products need direct selling in order to reduce transportation and stock handling costs.
  2. Nature of the market. Where the market is concentrated in one area, direct selling is appropriate. A longer channel of distribution is preferred where the market is widely spread.
  3. Role of intermediary. The channel chosen should be able to perform the services related to the product being sold e.g. for technical goods, the middleman should be able to offer technical support to the customers.
  4. Resources and size of the firm/producer. If the producer is small, then direct selling would be appropriate. Large firms with sufficient financial resources can opt for long channels of distribution.
  5. Channels used by competitors. If a firm wants its products to compete with those of the competitors, then is it prudent to use similar channels. A firm that wants to avoid competition should use a different channel of distribution.
  6. Government policy. The channel chosen should be able to meet government regulations such as all middlemen distributing pharmaceutical products must be recognized by the relevant government bodies (Pharmacy and Poisons Board).
  7. Marketing risks. In the event the firm wants to avoid risks related to distribution, it will opt for middlemen.
  8. Questions

Question and Answer

  • 1. ​Identify the type of utility created in the following circumstances
Picture
  • 2. State four roles played by intermediaries in the chain of distribution
  • 3. Highlight four consequences of eliminating a wholesaler from a chain of distribution
  • 4. Outline four factors used to determine the distribution of Omo, as a common household detergent in Kenya
  • 5. State four circumstances under which it would be advisable for a manufacturer to sell directly to consumers
  • 6. Dady a traders at Kibigori trading centre wishes to import goods from Brand kamp , a Germany. Describe four channels of distribution that Dady’s goods are likely to take to reach his consumers at Kibgori
  • 7. Kenya co-operative creameries (KCC) sell its dairy products directly to retailers. Highlight four factors that were considered in the choice of this channel of Distribution

aNSWERS

QUESTION 1
ACTIVITY
UTILITY
Carpentry
Form
Selling bread to students
Possession
Warehousing of goods imported
Time
Carriage of cargo to the market
Place
QUESTION 2
  • Reducing transaction between producers and consumers
  • Breaking bulk
  • Accumulating bulk
  • Taking of holding goods
  • Providing finance to producers
  • Product promotion
  • Transporting goods
  • Storage goods
QUESTION 3
  • Reduces the range of goods offered to the retailers
  • Reduces the cost of goods acquired by retailers
  • Lowers the price of goods because of reduction in the length of distribution
QUESTION 4
  • Preparing to meet customers/locating prospective customers
  • Opening sale/presenting the product
  • Handling objections
  • Closing of sales
QUESTION 5
  • Where the commodity is perishable
  • Where the commodity is a service
  • Where the use of the commodity requires demonstration
  • Where the quantity of the commodity is small
  • Where technical advice is required
  • Where immediate feed back is required
  • Where the law requires to be done so
QUESTION 6
  1. Brand Kamp/ Exporter - Consumer
  2. Exporter / Brand Kamp-Government agent –Wholesaler- Consumer
  3. Exporter/ Brand Kamp-Government Agent – Wholesaler- Retail – Consumer
  4. Exporter / Brand Kamp-Wholesaler- Consumer
  5. Exporter / Brand Kamp- Import agent – Consumer
QUESTION 7
  • Nature of products - perishable
  • Availability of the channel
  • The cost of the channel
  • Channels used by competitors
  • Market concentration not in use area
  • Spread of the risk
MORE TOPICAL QUESTIONS
Subpage Listing
  • AGRICULTURE
    • FORM FOUR
    • FORM ONE
    • FORM THREE
    • FORM TWO
  • BIOLOGY
    • FORM FOUR
    • FORM ONE
    • FORM THREE
    • FORM TWO
  • BUSINESS
    • FORM FOUR
    • FORM ONE
    • FORM THREE
    • FORM TWO
  • CHEMISTRY
    • FORM FOUR
    • FORM ONE
    • FORM THREE
    • FORM TWO
  • CRE
    • FORM FOUR
    • FORM ONE
    • FORM THREE
    • FORM TWO
  • ENGLISH
  • GEOGRAPHY
    • FORM FOUR
    • FORM ONE
    • FORM THREE
    • FORM TWO
  • HISTORY
    • FORM FOUR
    • FORM ONE
    • FORM THREE
    • FORM TWO
  • KISWAHILI
  • MATHEMATICS
    • FORM FOUR
    • FORM ONE
    • FORM THREE
    • FORM TWO
  • PHYSICS
    • FORM FOUR
    • FORM ONE
    • FORM THREE
    • FORM TWO

QUESTIONS

FORM 1-Meaning of business studies
View

FORM 1-Topic 2-Business Environment.pdf
View  |  Download 577k

FORM 1-Topic 3-Satisfaction of Human Wants.pdf
View  |  Download 588k

FORM 1-Topic 4-Production.pdf
View  |  Download 534k

FORM 1-Topic 5-Entreprenuership.pdf
View  |  Download 721k

FORM 1-Topic 6-The Office.pdf
View  |  Download 973k

FORM 1-Topic 7-Home Trade.pdf
View  |  Download 2308k

FORM 2-Topic10-TRANSPORT.pdf
View  |  Download 551k

FORM 2-Topic11-COMMUNICATION.pdf
View Download 822k

FORM 2-Topic12-WAREHOUSING.pdf
View  |  Download 324k

FORM 2-Topic13-INSURANCE.pdf
View  |  Download 762k

FORM 2-Topic14-PRODUCT PROMOTION.pdf
View  |  Download 531k

FORM 2-Topic8-FORMS OF BUSINESS UNITS.pdf
View  |  Download 1310k

FORM 2-Topic 9-GOVERNMENT & BUSINESS.pdf
View  |  Download 747k

FORM 3-Topic 15-THEORY OF THE FIRM.pdf
View  |  Download 839k

FORM 3-Topic 17-PRODUCT MARKETS.pdf
View  |  Download 375k

FORM 3-Topic 18-CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION.pdf
View  |  Download

    READER'S DIGEST

Submit
0 Comments

PRODUCT MARKETS - KCSE BUSINESS STUDIES NOTES, AUDIOVISUALS, QUESTION AND ANSWER

18/4/2018

1 Comment

 
  • CONTENTS AND OBJECTIVES
  • NOTES
  • Q & A
<
>

PRODUCT MARKETS - KCSE BUSINESS STUDIES NOTES, AUDIOVISUALS, QUESTION AND ANSWER

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

By the end of this topic the learner should be able to:
  1. explain the meaning of a market
  2. explain the meaning of product market
  3. discuss the features of various types of product markets.
Picture

cONTENTS

  1. Meaning of a market
  2. Meaning of product market
  3. Features of various types of product markets

PRODUCT MARKET

The term ‘market’ is usually used to mean the place where buyers and sellers meet to transact business. In Business studies, however, the term ‘market’ is used to refer to the interaction of buyers and sellers where there is an exchange of goods and services for a consideration.
NOTE: The contact between sellers and buyers may be physical or otherwise hence a market is not necessarily a place, but any situation in which buying and selling takes place. A market exists whenever opportunities for exchange of goods and services are available, made known and used regularly.
KCSE Past Papers
knec kcse past papers, marking schemes and reports
Biology Notes
KCSE BIOLOGY NOTES
Physics Notes
KCSE PHYSICS NOTES, AUDIOVISUALS AND MORE

Definition of Product market

​It is a particular market in which specific goods and services are sold and with particular features that distinguish it from the other markets. The features are mainly in terms of the number of sellers and buyers and whether the goods sold are homogeneous or heterogeneous. Product market is also referred to as market structure. Markets may be classified according to the number of firms in the industry or the type of products sold in them.

TYPES OF PRODUCT MARKET

The number of firms operating in a particular market will determine the degree of competition that will exist in a given industry. In some markets there are many sellers meaning that the degree of competition is very high, where as in other markets there is no competition because only one firm exists.
When markets are classified according to the degree of competition, there are four main types, these are;
  1. Perfect competition
  2. Pure monopoly (monopoly)
  3. Monopolistic competition
  4. Oligopoly
Subscribe to read and download the full set of notes in PDF format

QUESTIONS ON ​PRODUCT MARKETS

  1. Explain five characteristic of a monopolistic market.
  2. By use of a diagram, explain how price and output are determined in a collusive oligopoly (centralized cartel) market situation
  3. Highlight five differences between perfect competition and monopolistic competition
  4. Using a well labeled diagram, explain how a monopolist enjoy a supernormal profit in both short and long run​

    1. With the aid of a diagram, explain how a firm under monopolistic competition is at equilibrium in the short run
    2. With the aid of a diagram, explain the difference between perfect competition and monopoly revenue curves

ANSWERS

QUESTION 1
  1. To check on the quality of goods produced by monopoly.
  2. Ensure there are a variety of goods in the market.
  3. Monopolist may resist emergence of new ideas or technology due to lack of competition.
  4. Monopolies tend to be inefficient in their operation due to lack of competition.
  5. The consumers may not enjoy quality goods and services because they can only consume what his monopolis produces.
  6. To control the prices charges by the monopolies
  7. Make sure monopolies operate at optimum capacity so as not to charge high prices.
QUESTION 2
Price Determination under Oligopoly: Non-Collusive and Collusive
QUESTION 3
PERFECT COMPETITION 
  1. Sellers deal in homogeneous products
  2. Are not involved in promotion of products.
  3. It’s a price taker
  4. Large number of sellers
  5. Activities of one firm does not influence the activities of other firms
MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION
  1. Sellers deal in differentiated products
  2. incur heavy expenses in promotion of products
  3. it’s a price setter /giver
  4. Large number of sellers operating independently.
  5. Activities of one firm are closely monitored by the rest in the industry.
QUESTION 4
  1. When the product is a necessity
  2. When the product is the only one in the market
  3. When the consumers are not aware of the market changes
  4. When the price of the product makes an insignificant figure of the consumers income
QUESTION 5.1
QUESTION 5.2
more kcse topical questions & answers

FORM 3-Topic 17-PRODUCT MARKETS.pdf
View  |  Download

    reader's digest

Submit
1 Comment

    Business Studies Notes Form 1 - 4

    business_notes_form_1-4.pdf
    File Size: 3043 kb
    File Type: pdf
    Download File

    Categories

    All
    BUSINESS STUDIES FORM 3 NOTES
    BUSINESS STUDIES NOTES
    CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION
    Communication
    Company
    Demand And Supply
    DOCUMENTS USED IN HOME TRADE
    ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING
    Entrepreneurship
    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
    FORM 1 LEVEL
    FORM 3 BUSINESS STUDIES NOTES
    FORM 4
    Forms Of Business Units
    Free On Board (FOB)
    Free On Rail (FOR)
    HOME TRADE
    In Bond
    INFLATION
    INSURANCE
    INTERNATIONAL TRADE
    Intro To BS
    Intro-to-BS
    KCSE NOTES
    Means Of Payments
    MONEY & BANKING
    NATIONAL INCOME
    On Nearest Offer (ONO)
    Pipeline
    PRODUCTION
    PRODUCT MARKETS
    PRODUCT PROMOTION
    PUBLIC FINANCE
    RETAIL TRADE
    SATISFACTION OF HUMAN WANTS
    Terms Of Payments
    THE LEDGER AND THE CASHBOOK
    THE OFFICE
    THEORY OF THE FIRM
    Transport
    Verbal Communication
    WAREHOUSING
    WHOLESALE TRADE

    Archives

    November 2022
    March 2021
    November 2020
    October 2020
    July 2020
    February 2019
    May 2018
    April 2018
    March 2018
    December 2017
    November 2017

    RSS Feed

    Author

    Atika School Team



Primary Resources
  • K.C.P.E Past Papers
  • ​Pri - Primary 1 Level
  • Pri  - Primary 2 Level
  • Grade 1
  • Grade 2
  • Grade 3
  • Grade 4
  • Standard 5
  • Standard 6
  • Standard 7
  • Standard 8
  • English
  • Kiswahili
  • Social Studies
  • Science
  • Mathematics
  • Kenya Sign Language
  • I.R.E
  • ​H.R.E
  • Notes
  • Termly Questions
  • Mocks
  • K.C.P.E Past Papers
College Resources
  • E.C.D.E
  • P.T.E
  • D.T.E
  • Technical Diploma
  • Technical Certificate
  • Business Diploma
  • Business Certificate
  • Higher Diploma
  • K.A.S.N.E.B Resources
  • K.M.T.C Resources
  • Varsity Resources
Secondary Resources
  • K.C.S.E Past Papers
  • Form 1
  • Form 2
  • Form 3
  • Form 4
  • Term 1
  • Term 2
  • Term 3
  • English
  • Geography
  • History
  • C.R.E
  • I.R.E
  • ​H.R.E
  • Home Science
  • Computer Studies
  • Business Studies
  • Agriculture
  • Chemistry
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Mathematics ALT A
  • Mathematics ALT B
  • Kiswahili
  • French
  • Germany
  • Arabic
  • Aviation
  • Art & Design
  • Drawing & Design
  • Building & Construction
  • Metal Works
  • Wood Work
  • Music
  • Kenya Sign Language
  • Electricity
Other Useful Links
  • Academic Environment
  • How its Done
  • News and Opinions
  • Manyam Franchise Support
  • About
  • SITEMAP
  • FOCUS A365 SERIES
  • Membership Details (KCPE/KCSE)
  • Secondary Mocks
  • SYLLABUS
Contact Us
Manyam Franchise
P.O Box 1189 - 40200 Kisii
Tel: 0728 450 424
Tel: 0738 619 279
Tel: 0763 450 425
E-mail - sales@manyamfranchise.com
Photos used under Creative Commons from zolierdos, vaticanus, NCDOTcommunications, frankieleon, aaronparecki, Jan Tik, jnyemb, http://image4free.com, Michiel2005, Sumarie Slabber, wrcomms, marcoverch, Nick Saltmarsh, ~Twon~
  • Start
    • SITEMAP
    • KNEC Portal
    • ZERAKI HELP AND SUPPORT
    • Academic Environment
    • KNEC KCSE PROJECT INSTRUCTIONS
  • BLOGS
    • About Us? >
      • Learn more about us
    • CUSTOMER CARE >
      • PRICING
      • Help & Support
    • News and Opinions
    • JOBS IN KENYA AND ABROAD FOR KENYANS AND BEYOND
    • How its Done
  • OUR PRODUCTS
    • All Categories >
      • MORE PRODUCTS >
        • SECONDARY CRE NOTES
        • COURSE BOOKS
        • KCSE KISWAHILI SETBOOKS
        • Backed Up Files and Archives
        • FREE DOCUMENTS
        • PRIMARY 8-4-4 BASED RESOURCES
        • STANDARD 8 RESOURCES
        • HIGH SCHOOL RESOURCES >
          • Biology Paper 3 Exams
          • Secondary Examinations
        • PRIMARY CBC BASED RESOURCES
        • COLLEGE & VARSITY RESOURCES
      • PRIMARY RESOURCES CBC
      • PRIMARY RESOURCES 8-4-4
      • SECONDARY RESOURCES
      • NOTES & TUTORIALS
      • COLLEGE RESOURCES
      • NOVELS and OTHER BOOKS
    • EXAMINATIONS >
      • MOCKS AND JOINT EXAMS >
        • FORM 1 QUESTION PAPERS, ANSWERS AND MARKING SCHEMES COLLECTIONS
        • FORM 2 QUESTION PAPERS, ANSWERS AND MARKING SCHEMES COLLECTIONS
        • FORM 3 EXAMINATIONS, QUESTION PAPERS AND ANSWERS
        • FORM 4 MOCKS PAST EXAMS BY REGION
        • TOP SECONDARY EXAMS ALL SUBJECTS
      • KPSEA NATIONAL EXAMS
      • KCPE >
        • KCPE PAST PAPERS AND ANSWERS >
          • KCPE 2020 RESULTS, REPORTS, QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
          • KCPE PAST PAPERS 2019 REPORTS, RESULTS, QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
        • KCPE PAST PAPERS PER SUBJECT
      • KCSE >
        • KCSE PAST PAPERS BY SUBJECT
        • KNEC KCSE PAST PAPERS, MARKING SCHEMES, QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
        • Free KCSE Past Papers Mathematics
        • Free KCSE Biology Questions and Answers
      • QUESTIONS & ANSWERS >
        • SECONDARY >
          • LANGUAGES >
            • Secondary English Questions and Answers
          • TECHNICALS >
            • COMPUTER STUDIES >
              • COMPUTER STUDIES Q & A
              • kcse computer studies paper 2 AND 3 Questions & Answers
            • BUSINESS STUDIES QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
            • KCSE AGRICULTURE TOPICAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
            • KCSE HOME SCIENCE DIRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
          • SCIENCES >
            • KCSE Mathematics Topical Questions
            • KCSE Biology Topical Questions and Answers
            • CHEMISTRY TOPICAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
            • KCSE Physics Topical Questions
            • KCSE physics Practical Sample Quiz
          • HUMANITIES >
            • C.R.E (CRE) QUESTION AND ANSWERS
            • ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION (IRE) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
            • KCSE History Topical Questions and Answers
            • GEOGRAPHY TOPICAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
        • PRIMARY >
          • Standard 4-8 Mathematics Topical Questions from Mocks and KCPE
          • Std 6 Mathematics Notes
    • TUTORIALS >
      • SECONDARY >
        • SCIENCES >
          • FOCUS MATHEMATICS TUTORIALS AND EXAMS FREE
          • KCSE BIOLOGY NOTES
          • FREE KCSE CHEMISTRY NOTES
          • KCSE PHYSICS NOTES, AUDIOVISUALS AND MORE
        • LANGUAGES >
          • ENGLISH >
            • A GUIDE TO SILENT SONG AND OTHER STORIES
            • English KCSE Set Books
            • ENGLISH POETRY QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS FOR K.C.S.E CANDIDATES
            • ENGLISH GRAMMAR #KCSE
          • KISWAHILI >
            • Bembea ya Maisha
            • CHOZI LA HERI - MWONGOZO
            • KIGOGO - MWONGOZO
            • MASWALI NA MAJIBU YA TUMBO LISILOSHIBA
            • USHAIRI MASWALI NA MAJIBU
            • KCSE Kiswahili Fasihi
        • TECHNICALS >
          • HOME SCIENCE NOTES
          • KCSE BUSINESS STUDIES NOTES
          • COMPUTER STUDIES NOTES LATEST
          • kcse Computer Studies Notes
          • KCSE AGRICULTURE NOTES, SYLLABUS, QUESTIONS, ANSWERS, SCHEMES OF WORK AND OTHERS
        • HUMANITIES >
          • KCSE History Notes Form 1 to 4
          • FREE KCSE CRE NOTES
          • KCSE GEOGRAPHY NOTES
          • IRE NOTES, AUDIOVISUAL, QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
      • PRIMARY >
        • STANDARD 4: SOCIAL STUDIES
        • NOTES >
          • KISWAHILI
          • SOCIAL STUDIES
        • EXAMINATIONS
        • DecaTurbo Online Series Examinations
        • KCPE Mathematics Notes
        • KCPE and Primary Level Compositions
      • Other Supportive Documents >
        • SYLLABUS >
          • Primary 8-4-4 based Syllabus, Objectives and Lessons
          • Primary Mathematics Syllabus
        • MASOMO VIDEOS
    • CURRICULUM >
      • NEW CURRICULUM DESIGNS >
        • PRIMARY >
          • PRE PRIMARY ONE CURRICULUM WITH SYLLABUS
          • PRE PRIMARY TWO CURRICULUM WITH SYLLABUS
        • SECONDARY >
          • KNEC KCSE SYLLABUS AND COURSE OUTLINES
        • COLLEGE >
          • Regulations for the TIVET Craft and Diploma Business Examinations
    • HIGH INSTITUTIONS >
      • EXAMINATIONS >
        • College and Varsity Past Papers online
      • TUTORIALS >
        • COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY NOTES AND TUTORIALS
  • MEMBERS RESOURCES
    • Primary >
      • CBC AND 8-4-4 LATEST EXAMS
      • CBC PROFFESSIONAL TOOLS
      • CBC NOTES PRIMARY
      • CBC KPSEA EXAMS
      • Standard 8 (std) English Topical Questions
      • KCPE MATHEMATICS TOPICAL QUESTIONS FROM 1989 TO LAST YEAR
      • STANDARD 8 PAST PAPERS 8-4-4 BASED
    • Secondary >
      • FORM 1 EXAMS WITH ANSWERS
      • FORM 2 EXAMS WITH ANSWERS
      • FORM 3 EXAMS WITH ANSWERS
      • FORM 4 EXAMS WITH ANSWERS
      • KCSE 2020 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
      • NOTES SECONDARY
      • MOCKS SECONDARY >
        • kcse form 2 mathematics questions
    • Free Schemes of Work
    • FOCUS A365 SERIES K.C.P.E EXAMINATIONS FOR PRIMARY
    • ALL GROUPS PRODUCTS
    • PREMIUM PRODUCTS 2