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Explain four factors that affect the role of specialist in Kenya today

29/9/2021

Explain four factors that affect the role of specialist in Kenya today

Factors that affect the role of specialists in Kenya today

Introduction of modern medicine, which has taken over the work of traditional healers
Christianity has introduced its own leadership styles
Western education has brought about new values challenging the authority of traditional elders
Urbanization has brought people of different religious background together
Influence of western culture, which has promoted individualism
Application of scientific methods of weather forecasts

Outline the role of a diviner in traditional African communities

29/9/2021

Outline the role of a diviner in traditional African communities

The role of a diviner in traditional African communities

He/she predict future occurrence
He/she warns against future calamities
He/she advises and guides people on various issues
He/she heals those with various diseases
He/she intercedes in times of calamities
He/she presides over religious ceremonies
He/she finds out the cause of a problem

Explain four roles performed by ancestors in traditional African communities.

27/9/2021

Explain four roles performed by ancestors in traditional African communities.

They act as mediators between God and the living
They give instructions to the living gas to what should be done during certain occasions
They warn the living of the impending punishments in case of a wrong doing
They appear to people in dreams/visions to deliver a message from the spirit world
They provide people with a sense of identity
They act as custodians of the cultural/religious practices of the community
They punish those who break customs/taboos
They create a sense of security/protection for the community
They intercede for the community’s needs to God

Give the changes that have taken place in the traditional African understanding of property

20/6/2021

Women and children may own property unlike in ATC where only men would
Many children and women are seen as liability rather than an asset as it was in ATC
Acquisition of wealth sometimes is done through unjust/unfair ways such as grabbing of land/swindling/theft
There is too much stress on individual ownership as opposed to communal ownership in ATC
Some men sell everything leaving the children with nothing to inherit

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State five reasons why, marriage in traditional African communities is regarded as a covenant

14/4/2021

Why marriage in traditional African communities is regarded as a covenant.

Should be permanent /breaking of the marriage had serious consequences
Its binding/the couple/family /clans all who were separate before
Ceremonies are conducted where the concerned couple/family/clan take vows promising loyalty to each other.

Why marriage in traditional African communities is regarded as a covenant.

Exchange of gifts/as a sing of lasting relationship/ cement the relationship
Certain conditions have to be fulfilled such as payment of dowry/bearing of children
Gods/spirit are evoked to bless and protect the marriage/prayers are offered to God
There are witnesses i.e. families/friends
There is sharing of a meal/ceremony to express unity/friendship

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Give reasons why taboos are important in traditional African communities

22/3/2021

Reasons why taboos were important in traditional African communities

Guided people on moral behaviour/discipline.
Outlined social relationships/kinship ties.
Faster respect for elders/leaders.

Give reasons why taboos are important in traditional African communities

Maintenance of respect for God.
Help in maintenance of dignity/integrity.
Guided on acceptable eating habits/discourages vices such as gluttonness, greediness etc.
Create harmony/maintain law and order/promoted peace in society.

With reference to African traditional communities, state five factor that promote harmony and mutual responsibility in Kenya today

12/12/2020

Factors that promote harmony and mutual responsibility in Kenya today.

The worship of god / a supreme being.
Belief in common ancestry/origin
Sharing of material thins with the less endowed/giving moral support in times-of need.
Adopting positive attitude towards work/communal work
Citizens have an obligation to obey the laws /rules of the country.

Developing and practicing acceptable leisure activities.
Conservation natural resources/land / environment /water/minerals
Promotion of a common language for easy/effective communication.
Respecting other people’s cultures.
Shunning practices that are incompatible with Christian values
Sharing respect for leaders/elders.

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FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO HARMONY AND MUTUAL RESPONSIBILITY IN THE AFRICAN COMMUNITY - k.c.s.e c.r.e notes -

State five rituals marking the birth of child traditional African communities

12/11/2020

Rituals marking the birth of a child in traditional African communities.

Rituals marking the birth of a child in traditional African communities.

There was dancing /singing for the new life.
The new born was praised) blessed.
There was feasting and celebrations
The father received praises.
There were ululations whose numbers was determined by the sex of the child.

State the duties of a traditional African communities helped bereaved families

29/10/2020

Ways in which people in Traditional African Communities helped bereaved families

They visited the bereaved/ stayed with them/ kept them company/ gave them moral support
Consoled them though singing, dancing, praying, giving words of comfort
Contributed food and other material needs and gave them moral support
Helped them by performing certain duties for them e.g. cooking, cleaning, welcoming mourners running errands
They attended the funeral to give the departed a good send- off
Helped in preparing the body for burial

State the duties of a traditional African communities helped bereaved families

State the traditional practices that lowers the dignity of women today

25/10/2020

Traditional practices that lowers the dignity of women today

Traditional practices that lowers the dignity of women today

Division of Labour.
- In Traditional African perspective, women were not allowed to take some tasks which were seen as men jobs such as hunting and leadership. But today, if practiced, it is seen as lowering women's dignity.
Clitoridectomy.
- Also called female circumcision, Is an act of surgical removal, reduction, or partial removal of the clitoris.
Polygamy.
- This is an act of marrying more than one wife.
Early marriage.
- Marriage before the age provided by the constitution at 18 years. The law assumes that anyone below this age is a child and cannot be able to make decisions on her own.
Wife inheritance.
- This is an act of forcefully inheriting a wife whose husband had passed on. In the modern world, it is seen as a retrogressive behaviour.
Discrimination on inheritance of land.
- In Traditional African Society, Women were not entitled to own land. But in the modern world perspective, women are entitled to own property just as their male counterparts. Denying them this right, is a violation of the constitution.
Definition of diet on gender line.
- In some African Traditional Communities, women were not allowed to eat some foods. But in the modern world, its a violation of women rights to deny the some foods without their will.
Wife beating
- Also called wife battering was widely practiced in the TAS - Traditional African Societies, however, now it is discouraged and seen as a retrogressive behaviour.
Being treated as sex objects/ avenues for procreation.
- In T.A.S- Traditional African Societies, woman was seen as a property of a man, this led to the violation of their rights such as being used as sex objects for material gains.
Dressing codes
- Some traditional dressing codes are not acceptable today, and by implementing these codes, women see it as a violation of their rights

Explain the role of the sponsor during traditional African circumcision ceremonies

25/10/2020

Explain the role of the sponsor during traditional African circumcision ceremonies

Explain the role of the sponsor during traditional African circumcision ceremonies

Expected Response

They offer guidance and counseling to the candidates
They educate the candidates on their new duties/and responsibilities as adults
They give candidates instructions in sex education
They encourage the candidates to face the operation with courage
They give moral / physical support during the operation
Act as a link between the candidates and their families
They nurse the initiated back to health
They play the. role of a mentor/father/mother/god-father/god- mother to the initiated
They ensure that the initiated are protected/well cared for

Explain six reasons why initiation was important in the African Traditional Society

23/10/2020

Reasons why initiation was important in the African Traditional Society

Explain six reasons why initiation was important in the African Traditional Society

Initiates gain new status in life/he/she moves from childhood to adulthood.
Initiate acquires new rights and privileges
Initiate receives special education from their sponsors during seclusion.
Initiation ceremony brings the people together e.g. families, relatives and friends.
Shedding of blood unites the initiate to the land and ancestors.
Initiation ceremonies are looked at as occasion for prayers to God.
Initiation helps to restructure the community through age sets/groups.
It is a sign of courage and bravery.
Pain endured during initiation prepares the initiates to face the difficulties and challenges of adult life.

List eight places used for worship in traditional African communities

18/8/2020

previously << GIVE SIX REASONS WHY SACRIFICES ARE MADE IN TRADITIONAL AFRICAN COMMUNITIES

List eight places used for worship in traditional African communities. (8 marks)

Places used for worship in traditional African communities

Under sacred trees
In caves
At river banks/waterfalls
On rocks
On mountains/hills
In forests/shrubs
In shrines
In homes of religious leaders
At graveyards.

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next >> HOW DO CHRISTIANS IN KENYA SHOW RESPECT FOR PLACES OF WORSHIP

GIVE SIX REASONS WHY SACRIFICES ARE MADE IN TRADITIONAL AFRICAN COMMUNITIES

18/8/2020

previously << LIST EIGHT PLACES USED FOR WORSHIP IN TRADITIONAL AFRICAN COMMUNITIES

Give six reasons why sacrifices are made in traditional African communities. (6 marks)

Reasons why sacrifices are made in traditional African communities

To worship God/ancestors
It is a way of seeking for protection
A way of acknowledging God as a source of life
To seek God’s help in times of trouble/petition God for help
To ask for forgiveness/a way of cleansing /appease
In recognition of God’s power
To thank God for victories/success
To ask for blessings from God.

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next >> GIVE SIX REASONS WHY SACRIFICES ARE MADE IN TRADITIONAL AFRICAN COMMUNITIES

The role of a Diviner

18/8/2020

The role of a Diviner

01.

Predicts future occurrences

02.

Warns against future calamities

03.

Advises counsels/guides on various issues

04.

Intercedes in times of calamities

THE ROLE OF A DIVINER

THE ROLE OF A DIVINER

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