State five rituals marking the birth of child traditional African communities

12/11/2020

Rituals marking the birth of a child in traditional African communities.

Rituals marking the birth of a child in traditional African communities.

There was dancing /singing for the new life.
The new born was praised) blessed.
There was feasting and celebrations
The father received praises.
There were ululations whose numbers was determined by the sex of the child.

State the duties of a traditional African communities helped bereaved families

29/10/2020

Ways in which people in Traditional African Communities helped bereaved families

They visited the bereaved/ stayed with them/ kept them company/ gave them moral support
Consoled them though singing, dancing, praying, giving words of comfort
Contributed food and other material needs and gave them moral support
Helped them by performing certain duties for them e.g. cooking, cleaning, welcoming mourners running errands
They attended the funeral to give the departed a good send- off
Helped in preparing the body for burial

State the duties of a traditional African communities helped bereaved families

State the traditional practices that lowers the dignity of women today

25/10/2020

Traditional practices that lowers the dignity of women today

Traditional practices that lowers the dignity of women today

Division of Labour.
- In Traditional African perspective, women were not allowed to take some tasks which were seen as men jobs such as hunting and leadership. But today, if practiced, it is seen as lowering women's dignity.
Clitoridectomy.
- Also called female circumcision, Is an act of surgical removal, reduction, or partial removal of the clitoris.
Polygamy.
- This is an act of marrying more than one wife.
Early marriage.
- Marriage before the age provided by the constitution at 18 years. The law assumes that anyone below this age is a child and cannot be able to make decisions on her own.
Wife inheritance.
- This is an act of forcefully inheriting a wife whose husband had passed on. In the modern world, it is seen as a retrogressive behaviour.
Discrimination on inheritance of land.
- In Traditional African Society, Women were not entitled to own land. But in the modern world perspective, women are entitled to own property just as their male counterparts. Denying them this right, is a violation of the constitution.
Definition of diet on gender line.
- In some African Traditional Communities, women were not allowed to eat some foods. But in the modern world, its a violation of women rights to deny the some foods without their will.
Wife beating
- Also called wife battering was widely practiced in the TAS - Traditional African Societies, however, now it is discouraged and seen as a retrogressive behaviour.
Being treated as sex objects/ avenues for procreation.
- In T.A.S- Traditional African Societies, woman was seen as a property of a man, this led to the violation of their rights such as being used as sex objects for material gains.
Dressing codes
- Some traditional dressing codes are not acceptable today, and by implementing these codes, women see it as a violation of their rights

Explain the role of the sponsor during traditional African circumcision ceremonies

25/10/2020

Explain the role of the sponsor during traditional African circumcision ceremonies

Explain the role of the sponsor during traditional African circumcision ceremonies

Expected Response

They offer guidance and counseling to the candidates
They educate the candidates on their new duties/and responsibilities as adults
They give candidates instructions in sex education
They encourage the candidates to face the operation with courage
They give moral / physical support during the operation
Act as a link between the candidates and their families
They nurse the initiated back to health
They play the. role of a mentor/father/mother/god-father/god- mother to the initiated
They ensure that the initiated are protected/well cared for

Explain six reasons why initiation was important in the African Traditional Society

23/10/2020

Reasons why initiation was important in the African Traditional Society

Explain six reasons why initiation was important in the African Traditional Society

Initiates gain new status in life/he/she moves from childhood to adulthood.
Initiate acquires new rights and privileges
Initiate receives special education from their sponsors during seclusion.
Initiation ceremony brings the people together e.g. families, relatives and friends.
Shedding of blood unites the initiate to the land and ancestors.
Initiation ceremonies are looked at as occasion for prayers to God.
Initiation helps to restructure the community through age sets/groups.
It is a sign of courage and bravery.
Pain endured during initiation prepares the initiates to face the difficulties and challenges of adult life.

List eight places used for worship in traditional African communities

18/8/2020

previously << GIVE SIX REASONS WHY SACRIFICES ARE MADE IN TRADITIONAL AFRICAN COMMUNITIES

List eight places used for worship in traditional African communities. (8 marks)

Places used for worship in traditional African communities

Under sacred trees
In caves
At river banks/waterfalls
On rocks
On mountains/hills
In forests/shrubs
In shrines
In homes of religious leaders
At graveyards.

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GIVE SIX REASONS WHY SACRIFICES ARE MADE IN TRADITIONAL AFRICAN COMMUNITIES

18/8/2020

previously << LIST EIGHT PLACES USED FOR WORSHIP IN TRADITIONAL AFRICAN COMMUNITIES

Give six reasons why sacrifices are made in traditional African communities. (6 marks)

Reasons why sacrifices are made in traditional African communities

To worship God/ancestors
It is a way of seeking for protection
A way of acknowledging God as a source of life
To seek God’s help in times of trouble/petition God for help
To ask for forgiveness/a way of cleansing /appease
In recognition of God’s power
To thank God for victories/success
To ask for blessings from God.

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next >> GIVE SIX REASONS WHY SACRIFICES ARE MADE IN TRADITIONAL AFRICAN COMMUNITIES

The role of a Diviner

18/8/2020

The role of a Diviner

01.

Predicts future occurrences

02.

Warns against future calamities

03.

Advises counsels/guides on various issues

04.

Intercedes in times of calamities

THE ROLE OF A DIVINER

THE ROLE OF A DIVINER

Outline six challenges facing Traditional herbalists in Kenya today

7/8/2020

Outline six challenges facing Traditional herbalists in Kenya today

Most herbalists lack proper formal education
Lack of research equipment for the herbalists
Inability to treat certain illness
Conmen posing as herbalists

Modern medicine is more effective
Formal education has ruled out superstitious and influence of spirits
Modernity, therefore medicine men are considered outmoded and backward
Science and technology provides solutions to problems related to medical treatment.
Advance weather conditions.

Discuss six similarities between the Traditional African prophets and the true prophets in the Old Testament.

6/8/2020

DISCUSS SIX SIMILARITIES BETWEEN THE TRADITIONAL AFRICAN PROPHETS AND THE TRUE PROPHETS IN THE OLD TESTAMENT

Both predicted future events/ disasters
Both acted as mediators between God and the people
Both had supernatural powers to exercise their duties
Both had a personal relationship with God/ received revelations through visions/ dreams
They were religious leaders who could offer sacrifices! prayers
Both played an advisory role to the political leaders/ acted as the conscience of the leaders
Both urged their people to be morally upright! condemned evil in society
They led exemplary lives! were role models
In both cases there were prophets arid prophetesses

EXPLAIN THE SIGNIFICANCE OF RITUALS CONDUCTED DURING THE NAMING CEREMONIES IN TRADITIONAL AFRICAN COMMUNITIES

6/8/2020

Explain the significance of rituals conducted during the naming ceremonies in Traditional African Communities

Explain the significance of rituals conducted during the naming ceremonies in Traditional African Communities

Bathing of the baby sets in the begging of new life
Shaving of the mother and baby’s hair symbolizes new status
Choosing of the appropriate name to give the baby is for identification/ incorporation into the wider society,’ honour to the ancestors
Feeding of the baby symbolized new life growth
Holding of the baby by members of the community shows concern for it/ shared responsibility by the extended family
Saying prayers/words of blessings for the mother and baby signifies long life
Slaughtering of animals is a way of thanksgiving to ancestors/ God
Feasting is a sign of joy/ socialism/ welcoming the baby/ acceptance
Giving of presents to the baby/ mother is a sign of good will/ ownership of property
Wearing of charms signifies protection for the baby/ mother

Explain why traditional African Community encouraged to have many children

24/7/2020

Explain why traditional African Community encouraged to have many children

Explain why traditional African Community encouraged to have many children

African Children at Play

Children provided source of labour.
When children grow up, especially men, they could provide security and protection to the community.
Many children especially girls brought more dowry. More dowry meant more wealth.
There was high mortality rate among children. The more children one was likely to have meant there was a high probability that more could survive.
More children ensured the continuity of African societies kin.
Children always took part in the care of their parents during old age, the more children one had, the more resources a parent could likely have during old age and the better was the old age care.
Most couples fancied to have boys to inherit their parents property and provide security. So if the first children were girls, they could continue to have more to increase the chances of having enough boys.
More children cemented the relationship between the husband and wife. It meant that the wife was deeply now accepted as part of the man's family and her decisions were carried a lot of weight.
Children were often believed to be a blessing from God, therefore more children meant more blessing.
Children were believed to be replacements of dead relatives and most societies named children using names of their dead ancestors and relatives. More children meant more relatives could be replaced and named upon their names.
Children were seen as custodians of the society's virtues, customs, believes and culture. More children translated to expansion of cultural practices, taboos, customs, believes and customs. This could influence neighboring societies and communities.

Consequences of breaking taboos in traditional African communities

20/7/2020

Consequences of breaking taboos in T.A.S

Consequences of breaking taboos in traditional African communities

Consequences of breaking taboos in traditional African communities

Paying of a fine
Excommunication/ banishment/ ostracized/ Exile
Punishment/ ridicule/ pain to the body
Being killed
Cleaning/ undergoing rituals
Making sacrifices to appease the ancestors/ God/ Spirit
Offering compensation
Being cursed/ mysterious happenings
Denial of privileges

State seven similarities between traditional and Christian view on work

29/6/2020

State seven similarities between traditional and Christian view on work

State seven similarities between traditional and Christian view on work

In both work is mainly for the purpose of acquiring basic needs.
In both work is ordained by God.
In both work is encouraged after work/leisure.
In both work is a duty/done in obedience to God.
In both division of work is encouraged/sharing of work.
In both hard work is emphasized/laziness is condemned.
In both talents/abilities are developed through work.
In both work promotes socialization.

List five duties of diviners in traditional African communities

5/6/2020

Role of diviners in African Traditional Society

Diviners:

These are people who reveal secret information from the past or the future.

They get their power through inheritance or divine calling.
They use divination objects, common sense and insight.
Unveil mysteries by interpreting the information received from the spirits.
Help the society to solve issues that are difficult for them to understand.
They do the work of counselors, judges, advisers, comforters, assurers during crises.
They also play the role of priests, seers and fortune tellers.
Diviners are still consulted in Kenya today particularly during moments of crises.

They, however, face many challenges:

Divination is condemned in the Bible (Deuteronomy 18:10 – 11)
Science and technology have further diminished their importance since many mysteries can be explained through science and technology.

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