KCSE CRE QUESTION AND ANSWERS

Reasons why Africa has been unable to achieve full economic integration

27/3/2022

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Reasons why Africa has been unable to achieve full economic integration

The problem of poor transport and communication has impeded flow of trade. This has affected all previous and existing economic groupings.
There is uneven distribution of resources in Africa. Some countries are endowed with strategic natural resources like oil and fertile soils while others are impoverished with no resources. This hinders integration.
All member states of economic co-operations suffer from budgetary deficit and balance of payment problems. They therefore lack adequate foreign exchange required for international trade.
There is constant political interference by unenlightened leaders
There has been rivalry among member states of trading co-operations.
Africa has had a poor share from world trade as prices on world market are dictated by industrialized countries.
The advent of multi-partism after the end of the cold war and the subsequent introduction of Structural Adjustment Programmes has crippled the performance of economic integration in Africa.
Inability of member states to interfere in the internal affairs of other states even where there is need.
Failure by member states to contribute fully to the organizations.
The colonial legacy. Many member states still depend heavily on the West for manufactured goods, machinery, technology, donations and ideas.

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CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED BY THE PAN AFRICAN MOVEMENT

27/3/2022

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Challenges encountered by the pan African movement.

Many European groups fought the activities of the pan Africanists. The fact that Marcus Garvey was arrested, tried and convicted of fraud (collecting funds unlawfully) and imprisoned for five years is a clear manifestation of this.
It was difficult for the Africans to participate in African affairs since majority of Africans were still under colonialism.
Due to lack of economic empowerment and lack of education, many of the pan African projects did not succeed. The Marcus Garvey project for instance collapsed due to mismanagement.
Illiteracy and ignorance amongst some people of African origin hindered them from offering constructive support.
The movement was restricted to the African continent after independence in 1960s.
The absence of African-Americans in the continents affairs dealt a big blow to its progress.
Division among Africans after independence e.g. Radical and the conservative leaders and between the francophone and the Anglophone countries.
The European powers domination of the international media was used to water down the importance of pan-Africans by spreading negative propaganda.
Some of the pan-African leaders could not agree on the best strategy of uplifting the welfare of the African origin peoples.
The deep economic connection between colonies and the mother countries hindered any meaningful cooperation.
Lack of venues to hold conferences in Africa especially before 1957 meant that the movement could not take root in Africa quickly. The far-away venues were inconveniencing.

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Reasons why Africa has been unable to achieve full economic integration

Reasons why Africa has been unable to achieve full economic integration

CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED BY THE PAN AFRICAN MOVEMENT

Challenges encountered by the pan African movement.

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