C.R.E QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS MODEL08092022

Give reasons why Jesus used parables in his teachings.

• To make his teachings interesting
• Was one of the methods used for teaching
• To teach the nature of God.
• To provoke serious thinking of his opponents .
• To identify those who were sincere
• In seeking God’s  kingdom from on looker
• For the listeners to memorize his teachings
• For the listener to understand the message easily
• To teach about the kingdom of God.
• He wanted to hide his tone identity as the messiah
• To attack his opponents indirectly.

Give ways in which the disciples demonstrated their love for Jesus.

• They left their jobs and followed him.
• They joined him in prayer.
• Anointed him as a mark of great honour
• Peter was prepared to die for him.
• Gave him physical protection eg. Peter accompanied /kept him company.
• Helped him to spread the good news.
• Peter was prepared to die with him
• Removed his body from the cross.                                                                                                                                   

Describe the parable of the good Samaritan Lk 10:(25 37)

• A lawyer asked Jesus what to do in order to inherit the kingdom of God.
• Jesus asked him about the law which he answered well.
• The lawyer asked Jesus who the neighbor was.
• Jesus told him that a man was attacked by robbers on his way from Jerusalem to Jericho.
• A Levite and priest passed without helping the man
• A Samaritan passed by and helped the man
• He bandaged the woulds, took him to an Inn and paid all the expenses.
• Jesus asked the lawyer who was a neighbor amongst the three to the man who fell among the robbers.
• The lawyer said that one who showed mercy to the man that was attacked.
• Jesus told him to do and likewise.

Give ways in which Jesus prepared his disciples for his coming death.

• He talked to the disciples about his death
• He allowed them to witness the transfiguration
• He ate a last meal with them
• He told them about the one who was to betray him
• He talked about his resurrection
• He told Peter that he would deny him
• He asked his disciples to pray with him in the garden of Gethesamane
• He promised him a helper
• He appointed Peter as their leader
• He washed their feet
• He instructed them to be prepared for the future.   

Show how Christians are preparing for the second coming of Christ.

• Repenting the sins
• Praying and worshipping God
• Helping the needy
• Preaching the word of God
• Getting baptized
• Reading the Bible   

State the signs  of end times as taught by Jesus in Lk 21:5-19.

• Rumours of war
• False prophets teaching falsehood
• Natural calamities eg earthquakes,famine,plagues,
• strange and celestial human beings would come from the sky
• people claiming to be Christ
• strong waves disrupting the sea
• Fainting of people from shock as they observe the terrible signs.
• Persecution of disciples of Jesus
• Martyrdom of Jesus disciples for being His followers.   

Explain how the events of the cross fulfilled the old testament prophesies.

• The crucification on the cross had been foretold
• The Old Tradition prophesies had predicted the tribulation that Jesus would encounter to be ridiculed, scolded,scouged and finally killed.
• It had been  prophesied that there would be total darkness and his happened when darkness covered whole place as Jesus was crucified.
• His burial had been prophesied and was fulfilled when Joseph of Arimatheas asked for the body of Jesus in order to burry him.
• The curtain of the temple also cut into two as had been predicted so that people would gain entry into God’s holiness without going through intermediaries.
• It ha d been prophesied he would share the fate of criminals. He was crucified with two robbers.
• His clothes were divided as per the Old Tradition prophecies.      

What lessons do Christians learn from the teaching on end-time?

• Christians should be prepared for end of the world and the second coming of Jesus
• Christians should remain courageous in the of trials and tribulations as all these things must happen for the son of man to com.
• Christians should be vigilant by praying always
• Christians should stand firm in their faith
• Christians should be careful not to be weighed down by anxieties.
• Christians should preach t others the word of God.

Explain Jesus’ teaching on the role of the Holy Spirit.

• The Holy spirit would act as cunsellor
• The holy spirit would be a comforter
• The Holy spirit would reveal the truth about God.
• He would help the disciples to understand Jesus teachings.
• He would reveal the sins of the world.
• He would affirm Jesus Christ as the son of God.
• He would remind the disciples about the moaning of Jesus words and teachings.
• He would help the disciples to understand Jesus relationship with God and their spiritual union.  

Identify six ways in which the Holy Spirit was manifested on the day of Pentecost.

• Through a sound from heaven
• Like a mighty rushing wind
• As tongues of fire resting on each disciples.
• Disciples being able to speak in different tongues.
• Peter becoming courageous t o preach .
• People being convicted of the sins.
• Many people repenting their wrong doings.    

Show how the gifts of the Holy Spirit are misused in the church today.

• People demand for payment for performing miracles.
• People claim to be under the influence of the Holy spirit when they are not.
• People emphasizing  speaking in tongues than other gifts
• People misinterpreting the bible.
• People speaking in tongues without an interpreter
• People use the gifts to instill fear on others
• Individuals accuse division did for new churches claiming to be inspired by the Holy spirit.   

Identify the elements of unity that should exist among believers according to saint Paul in Ephesians 4:1-12.    

• One body which is the universal church
• One spirit that dwells in the church
• One goal of hope the eternal life
• A common faith in the lord Jesus
• A common baptism
• One God and father of all believers
• One Lord, Jesus Christ who is the head of the church
• One supreme God who is the source of unity
• A common task of building the church through the gifts of the Holy spirit.

Explain Paul’s teaching concerning the body of Christ (1 cor 12:12-27,Eph 4:1-12)

• Just as there is unity among various parts so must the member of the body of |Christ be united.
• The believers should work for well being of the Church.
• Believers become members of one body of Christ empowered by the Holy Spirit.
• The different gifts are to be used for the good of the church/glorify God.
• Christians share the same rights and privileges as members of one body of Christ.
• Christians should remain united as they deliver service to the community.
• Christians should like in unity because they are bound by one body, spirit ,eternal life,Lord,faith  ,baptism and one God.  

State six ways in which the church promotes unity in the society today.

• By organizing interdenominational crusades.
• By preaching peace and unity
• By mediating between waving parities.
• By condemning discrimination and training to all
• Through the translation of the bible
• By praying for peace
• By encouraging intermarriages.

Achievements of COMESA

1. It provides its members a wide, harmonized and more competitive market for internal and external trading.
2. It provides member states with a rational way of exploiting natural resources for their welfare.
3. COMESA has established harmonized monetary, banking and financial policies in the region.
4. It has improved the administration of transport and communication to ease movement of goods, services and people.
5. It has ensured cooperation in the promotion of peace, security and stability among member states in order to enhance economic development in the region.
6. COMESA has strengthened relations between the Common Market and the rest of the world while ensuring that the members adopt a common position in international fora.
7. Through the Authority of Heads of State and Government, COMESA directs and controls the affairs of the common market.
8. Customs cooperation has been achieved through a unified computerized customs network that operates across the region. The harmonization of macro-economic and monetary policies throughout the region has been achieved.
9. It has provided room for greater industrial productivity and competitiveness due to its large market.
10. It has encouraged member states to practice good governance, accountability and respect for human rights. Burundi and Rwanda were subjected to these demands before they were admitted to COMESA.
11. It has contributed to employment of many people in the region.
12. COMESA has promoted increased agricultural production and exploitation of natural resources.
13. The organization has ensured a more efficient and reliable transport and communication infrastructure.

Achievements of ECOWAS

1. The defence Act adopted by ECOWAS in 1981 provided military support to any Member state attacked by outsiders. Their defence force known as ECOMOG was instrumental in quelling civil wars in Liberia and Sierra Leone.
2. Economically, Member states benefit from ECOWAS. For example, Nigeria provides her oil to member states at a reduced price.
3. The community has enabled regular meeting of the Heads of State to tackle problems facing the region.
4. Socio-cultural exchanges within the West African region have promoted good relations among the people.
5. Improvement has been realized in transport, trade, agriculture and communication.
6. The organization has resolved political problems facing member states.
7. ECOWAS has enabled citizens of member states to move freely from one country to another through waiver of visa requirements.
8. There has been progress in education through the establishment of a Joint examination Syllabus for West African States.

Problems that faced OAU during its operation

1. Differences in economic development levels and in history of member states militated against co-operation.
2. Ideological differences among member states, especially during the Cold war period, hampered the operations of the OAU.
3. It lacked sufficient funds to carry out its work efficiently. The members were poor given that all of them were third world countries.
4. The problem of sovereignty. Many countries disregarded the OAU resolutions in favour of their sovereignty and national interests.
5. It lacked an effective machinery to effect its decisions. It also lacked a standing army to implement and effect its resolutions hence the term ‘Toothless Bulldog’ coined by Gadaffi to refer to it.
6. Loyalty to other organizations. OAU members also belonged to other organizations like ECOWAS, COMESA, The Arab League etc; the interests of these organizations were not always in accord with those of the OAU.
7. The colonial legacy. Many problems arising from past colonial policies have rocked the organization. E.g. The land issue in Zimbabwe. There is also the problem of Neo-Colonialism in trade.
8. Interference by the big powers. This has caused dismay to the organization.
9. Emergence of dictators like Amin Dada of Uganda, Bakassa Jean Bedel of Central African Republic, And Mobutu of Congo.
10. Civil strife in various countries remained unresolved for a long time. E.g in Sudan, Rwanda, Ethiopia, Nigeria. This made cooperation difficult.

Achievements of OAU

1. It offered solution to border disputes between member states like Kenya vs. Somalia, Ethiopia vs. Somalia, Libya vs. Chad, morocco vs. Algeria, Chad vs. Nigeria and the Rwanda –Burundi conflict.
2. The OAU achieved total liberation of African countries, with South Africa being the last one. It offered military support to the nationalistic struggles in Mozambique, Angola, Rhodesia, Namibia and South Africa.
3. It condemned human rights violation in countries like Namibia and South Africa. It encouraged economic sanctions against the apartheid regime of South Africa.
4. Through the OAU, African governments were able to speak with one voice on matters affecting Africa and they even attempted to formulate a common foreign policy.
5. It provided a forum for discussing Africa’s common problems like desertification, foreign interference, and dependency and at the same time sought for solutions to the problems.
6. The organization embarked on common economic ventures for Africa. For example creation of the African Development Bank (ADB) which represented the collective contribution by all Africans towards emancipation of Africans from economic backwardness.
7. It encouraged construction of roads and railways to link different regions. E.g. Tanzam, the Great North Road and the Trans-African Highway. This improved economic co-operation between member states.
8. It created a cultural identity for African countries sports and the All-African Games, which provided Africans with the opportunity to meet and socialize.
9. Through its refugee agency, it addressed itself to the refugee problem in the continent. E.g. refugees from countries like Rwanda, Burundi, Chad, Gambia, Ethiopia, Sudan and Somalia have been assisted.
10. It was instrumental in the formation of regional organizations like ECOWAS, SADDC and COMESA.

Achievements of Pan-Africanism

1. The movement created political awareness among people of African origin and a sense of deep concern for suffering of blacks all over the world.
2. It put in place Steps towards the restoration of status and dignity to the African people, which had been eroded by slave trade, colonialism and racism.
3. The movement provided an important forum where the people of African origin could discuss their problems. It promoted brotherhood among Africans.
4. The movement led to the Development of the spirit of solidarity among the African people when dealing with issues that concern the continent.
5. It laid the basis for the Formation of OAU, which later became the African Union (AU).
6. The movement enabled African leaders to be more committed to African issues. For example the black caucus in the USA played an important role in pressurizing the US congress to take drastic measures against the Apartheid regime in South Africa.
7. The movement laid the foundation for the interest in research on African culture, history, literature, music, religion, medicine, art, etc. this empowered Africans by enabling them to understand the status quo.
8. The movement played an important role in the advancement of African nationalism by encouraging peoples of African origin to take pride in their ancestry and demand their rights.
9. The movement condemned Mussolini’s attempt to colonize Ethiopia in 1935 by organizing protests in major towns like New York, London, Brussels and Paris.

Reasons why Africa has been unable to achieve full economic integration

1. The problem of poor transport and communication has impeded flow of trade. This has affected all previous and existing economic groupings.
2. There is uneven distribution of resources in Africa. Some countries are endowed with strategic natural resources like oil and fertile soils while others are impoverished with no resources. This hinders integration.
3. All member states of economic co-operations suffer from budgetary deficit and balance of payment problems. They therefore lack adequate foreign exchange required for international trade.
4. There is constant political interference by unenlightened leaders
5. There has been rivalry among member states of trading co-operations.
6. Africa has had a poor share from world trade as prices on world market are dictated by industrialized countries.
7. The advent of multi-partism after the end of the cold war and the subsequent introduction of Structural Adjustment Programmes has crippled the performance of economic integration in Africa.
8. Inability of member states to interfere in the internal affairs of other states even where there is need.
9. Failure by member states to contribute fully to the organizations.
10. The colonial legacy. Many member states still depend heavily on the West for manufactured goods, machinery, technology, donations and ideas.

Challenges that face COMESA in its operations

1. Membership to other bodies. Members of COMESA are also members of EAC andSADC. This leads to divided loyalty.
2. Personality differences. For example, presidents Museveni of Uganda and El Bashirof Sudan were involved in disagreements in 2004 over rebel activities.
3. Boundary conflicts. This has been witnessed between Ethiopia and Eritrea.
4. Civil wars. Wars have been witnessed in DRC, Uganda, Sudan, Rwanda and Burundi.Such inevitable wars undermine the operations of the common markets.
5. Constant quarrels among member states over trading rights. For example Kenya and Egypt quarreled over duty-free cement dumped in Kenya by Egypt, on which Kenya wanted to charge duty.
6. Poor transport between member states. This hampers movement of goods in theregion.
7. Pulling out of Tanzania and Namibia. The two founder members have opted for theSouth African Development Cooperation (SADC). This has undermined COMESA.
8. Some members undermine their neighbours. For example Uganda and Rwanda havebeen accused of participating in the civil wars in the DRC.

Challenges that ECOWAS has faced in its operation

1. Political instability in member states. Countries like Nigeria and Ghana have witnessed Military coups. Civil wars have been fought in Sierra Leone, Liberia and Ivory Coast. These have been a hindrance to cooperation.
2. Nationalistic issues. Most member states give priority to their own domestic issues at the expense of the organization.
3. Language barrier. Countries in West Africa inherited the languages of their former colonial masters. The problem in communication has hindered the efficient operation of the organization.
4. Infrastructural problems. The state of roads, railway and communication linkages are poor. This has hampered economic progress of member states.
5. Ideological differences. The leaders of the member states view each other with suspicion and mistrust due to differences in ideologies.
6. Lack of uniform currency. Each country has its own currency. This creates a problem of rates of exchange thus hindering trade.
7. Foreign interference. The presence of Israeli and French soldiers in Cote D’Ivoire was viewed suspiciously by guinea.
8. Border closures. For example between Ghana and Togo and between Burkina Faso and Mali.

Achievements of the East African Community-2001

1. It has boosted movement of citizens within the three member states of East Africa. An East African passport has been introduced.
2. It has provided a forum for the East African Leaders to discuss issues harmoniously.
3. It has facilitated the improvement and expansion of transport and communication networks between the three East African countries.
4. Tariffs for industrial goods produced in East Africa have been reduced.
5. Investment procedures have been eased to enable all citizens to invest more easily within the community.
6. It has enhanced cooperation of the civil society leading to formation of the Law Society of East Africa and the Business Council of East Africa.
7. The community has promoted trade among member states by encouraging citizens to conduct trade in all the countries.

Challenges that have faced the EAC-2001

1. Suspicion still exists over perceived dominance of Kenya in the community affairs.
2. Despite signing the treaty in 1999, Tanzania customs are still taxing Kenyan products.
3. Increased cross-border smuggling. The freedom of movement within the region sometimes results in smuggling of illegal arms and spread of crime and insecurity. E.g. the smuggling of a vehicle belonging to Kenya’s Chief of Staff, General Joseph Kibwana to Tanzania in 2004.
4. Cattle rustling across the borders. This is common on the Kenya Uganda border with the Pokot and Karamojong attacking each other
5. Arrest of Kenyan fishermen on Lake Victoria by either Tanzania or Ugandan policemen/navy accusing them of fishing in their waters.
6. Membership to other regional bodies e.g. COMESA, SADDC. This complicates the work of the EAC.
7. The recent wrangles between Kenya and Uganda over ownership of Migingo Island. Although this problem was resolved by Uganda conceding Kenya’s ownership of the Island, it raised tension between the two countries.
8. The use of different currencies by the three nations has made transaction difficult.
9. Political squabbles in the individual countries slow down the progress of the community
10. Individual national interests have slowed down the implementation of the activities of the community the deep-seated differences between the member states over the proposed taxes on imports from countries outside the region.

Challenges that faced the East African Community up to 1977

1. Suspicion over perceived dominance among members. Tanzania and Uganda accused Kenya of acquiring the lion’s share of benefits from the community. Kenyan industries for example were protected more by the common external tariffs.
2. Personality differences. This was between individual leaders of the three countries, making it more difficult for them to hold meetings.
3. Ideological differences. Each of the three countries pursued different economies. Kenya followed capitalism and Tanzania socialism. Uganda had a mixed economy.
4. Political instability in Uganda. The coup d’état, which overthrew Milton Obote, undermined the unity that was desired for the organization. Nyerere for example refused to recognize Amin as the president of Uganda.
5. National pride and interests. National interests were given more priority than the regional interests were. E.g Tanzania favoured railway transport while Kenya favoured road transport.
6. Boundary closures .Tanzania closed its common border with Kenya in 1977, thereby halting the community activities. There was also boundary closure between Tanzania and Uganda during the war between the two in 1978.
7. Financial constraints resulting from failure by member states to remit funds to meet the organization’s needs.
8. The use of different currencies by the three nations made transaction difficult.

Challenges encountered by the pan African movement.

1. Many European groups fought the activities of the pan Africanists. The fact that Marcus Garvey was arrested, tried and convicted of fraud (collecting funds unlawfully) and imprisoned for five years is a clear manifestation of this.
2. It was difficult for the Africans to participate in African affairs since majority of Africans were still under colonialism.
3. Due to lack of economic empowerment and lack of education, many of the pan African projects did not succeed. The Marcus Garvey project for instance collapsed due to mismanagement.
4. Illiteracy and ignorance amongst some people of African origin hindered them from offering constructive support.
5. The movement was restricted to the African continent after independence in 1960s.
6. The absence of African-Americans in the continents affairs dealt a big blow to its progress.
7. Division among Africans after independence e.g. Radical and the conservative leaders and between the francophone and the Anglophone countries.
8. The European powers domination of the international media was used to water down the importance of pan-Africans by spreading negative propaganda.
9. Some of the pan-African leaders could not agree on the best strategy of uplifting the welfare of the African origin peoples.
10. The deep economic connection between colonies and the mother countries hindered any meaningful cooperation.
11. Lack of venues to hold conferences in Africa especially before 1957 meant that the movement could not take root in Africa quickly. The far-away venues were inconveniencing.