​INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
​International Relations refers to the cooperation or interaction between individuals or groups of nations of the world
​Benefits of international relations
​Ways in which nations relate internationally.
​International Organizations
There are two types of international organizations;
​Role played by International Governmental Organizations.
​THE UNITED NATIONS
The UN was founded after world war Two as an organization of independent states with the following objectives;
Formation of the United Nations
The signing of the Allied declaration in London on 12th June 1941 marked the first step in the formation of the UN. On 14th August 1941, Franklin Delano Roosevelt of USA and Winston Churchill of Britain, meeting in USA, proposed a set of principles for international collaboration in maintaining peace and security. This was the Atlantic Charter. The charter pledged respect for human Freedom, Allowed all nations the freedom to choose the form of government they preferred and provided that no territory should change hands after war without consent of its people.
On 1st January 1942, representatives of Allied nations meeting in Washington signed the ‘Declaration by United Nations’ and proclaimed support for the Atlantic Charter This marked the first official use of the term ‘United Nations’ as suggested by President Roosevelt in reference to the 26 nations The first Blueprint of the UN was prepared at a conference held at Dumbarton Oaks Estate, Washington from 21st September to 7th October 1944. Representatives of USSR, USA, UK and China agreed on the aims, structure and functions of a world organization. On 11th February 1945, the Yalta Conference held by US president Roosevelt, UK PM Churchill and Russian PM Stalin declared the resolve to establish an international organization to maintain peace and security. On 25th April 1945, the United Nations Conference on International Organization began in San Francisco, USA attended by delegates from 50 nations. It drew a 111-Article Charter which was adopted on 25th June 1945. The UN began its official functions on 24th October 1945 after ratification of the charter by USSR, USA, Britain, China and France. ​Organization of the UNO
Membership to the UN is open to all peace-loving nations that accept the obligations of the charter. By 1945, only 51 states had signed the charter. Kenya Joined on 16th December 1963. By April 2003 membership had grown to 191 states.
To achieve its aims, the UN spelt out in its charter the following principles;
​THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY
This is the main deliberative organ of the UNO, but which cannot enforce action on members. It comprises all member states.
Functions of the UN General Assembly To help in its operation, the general assembly has the following committees; The political and security committee, the special political committee, the economic and financial committee, the committee on social ,humanitarian and cultural issues, the trusteeship committee , the administration/budget committee and the legal affairs committee. ​THE SECURITY COUNCIL
It has 15 members from 15 countries. Ten of these are non-permanent. It also has five permanent members namely china, France, USA, Russia and UK.
Its main function is to maintain world peace and security. ​ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL
Its membership is 54. 18 are elected each year for a term of three years.
Its function is to coordinate the economic and social work of UN and its specialized agencies. E.g. in trade, status of women, Population, science and technology ​TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL
It inherited the work of the Mandates Commission of the former League of Nations. It had responsibility over the territories under colonial rule-. - To promote social, economic, political and educational advancement of the inhabitants of the trust territories.
Consists of five permanent members and six additional ones appointed by the General Assembly ​THE SECRETARIAT
​The head of the secretariat is the secretary general. It has its headquarters in New York. Its staff members come from 139 countries. Its work covers all areas outlined in the UN Charter.
​THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
​It has its headquarters at Hague. It is the principal judicial body of the UN. It gives advisory opinions on legal questions. It has 15 judges.
​SPECIALIZED AGENCIES
These are separate specialized agencies which are autonomous organizations related to the UN by special agreements. (REF TO PAGE 49 OF EVOLVING WORLD)
Past Secretary Generals of the United Nations Organization since its inception
​Achievements of the United Nations Organization
​Problems facing the United Nations Organization in its operation
THE COMMONWEALTH
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3. DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE
- Development of early agriculture
- Early agriculture in:
- a) Egypt
- b) Mesopotamia
- The Agrarian Revolution in:
- a) Britain
- b) U.S.A
- The food situation in Africa and the rest of the Third World
- Remedies of food shortages
4. The people of Kenya up to the century
- Origin, migration and settlement of the people of Kenya
- a) Bantu
- i. Western Bantu
- ii. Eastern Bantu
- b) Nilotes
- i. River-Lake Nilotes
- ii. Plains Nilotes
- iii. Highland Nilotes
- c) Cushites
- i. Eastern Cushites
- ii. Southern Cushites
- a) Bantu
- Results of the migration and settlement of the people of Kenya.
5. Socio-economic and political organization of Kenyan community in the century
- Bantu
- a) Agikuyu
- b) Ameru
- c) Akamba
- d) Abagusii
- e) Mijikenda
- Nilotes
- a) Luo
- b) Nandi
- c) Maasai
- Cushites
- a) Borana
- b)Somali
6. Contacts between east Africa and the outside world up to the century
- Early visitors to the East African Coast up to 1500.
- Trade between the East African Coast and the outside World.
- a) Development of the trade
- b) Organization of the trade
- c) Impact of the trade on the peoples of East Africa
- The corning of the Portuguese
- a) Reasons for their coming to East Africa
- b) Their conquest and rule
- c) The decline of Portuguese power
- d) Impact of Portuguese rule
- Establishment and impact of Omani rule:
- a) Seyyid Said and the development of plantation agriculture
- b) Development, organisation and consequences of:
- i) Long distance trade
- ii) International trade
- The spread of Christianity:
- a) Reasons for the coming of Christian missionaries
- b) Missionary activities and challenges
- c) Effects of missionary activities
7. Citizenship
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- Kenyan citizenship
- Rights of a citizen
- Responsibilities of a citizen
- Elements of good citizenship
8. National integration
- National Integration
- Meaning
- Importance
- National Unity
- Factors promoting national unity
- Factors limiting national unity
- Conflict Resolution
- Meaning of the term ‘conflict’
- Methods of resolving conflicts
- Process of resolving conflicts
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Categories
All
AFRICAN UNION
Agrarian Revolution
Britain
Chapter-10-development-of-transport-and-communication
Chapter 13 Social
Chapter-14-constitutions-and-constitution-making
CHAPTER 17: ESTABLISHMENT OF COLONIAL RULE IN KENYA.
CHAPTER 18: COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION
CHAPTER 20: Political Developments And Struggle For Independence In Kenya (1919-1963)
CHAPTER 21: Rise Of African Nationalism
CHAPTER 22: EMERGENCE AND GROWTH OF NATIONALISM IN AFRICA
CHAPTER 23: The Formation
Chapter 25: International Relations
Chapter 26: Co-Operation In Africa
Chapter 27: National Philosophies (Kenya)
Chapter 28: Social
Christian Missionaries In East Africa
Citizenship
Colonial Period In Kenya
Constitutions-and-constitution-making
Contacts Between East Africa And The Outside World Up To The 19th Century
Course-of-the-cold-war
Democracy And Human Rights
Development Of Industry
Dev. Of Early Agriculture
EARLY MAN
Economic And Political Developments And Challenges In Africa Since Independence
ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND CHALLENGES IN KENYA SINCE INDEPENDENCE
Economic-and-political-organization-of-african-societies-in-the-19th-century
Electoral Processes
European Invasion And The Process Of Colonization Of Africa
European Invasion Of Africa
FORM 1 LEVEL
FORM 2
Form 3 Level
FORM 4
Formation-of-government
Functions Of Governments
HISTORY FORM 1 TOPICS
India
INTRODUCTION TO HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT
LEGISLATURE.
LIVES AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF KENYAN LEADERS
Local Authorities In Kenya
MULTI-PARTY DEMOCRACY IN KENYA SINCE 1991
NATIONAL INTEGRATION
ORGANIZATION OF AFRICAN UNITY (OAU)
Pre-Colonial East Africa
PUBLIC REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE IN KENYA
SOCIAL
Structure And Functions Of The Government Of Kenya
THE COMMON MARKETS FOR EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA
THE EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY
The Electoral Process
THE EXECUTIVE
THE JUDICIARY.
THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT
THE PAN-AFRICAN CONGRESSES (1900-1945)
THE PEOPLES OF KENYA UP TO THE 19TH CENTURY
THE SECOND WORLD WAR
Trade
TRANSPORT
United States
Urbanization
WORLD WARS