Early Agriculture in Africa

17/10/2020

Early Agriculture in Africa

In Africa, agriculture first spread to Egypt along the Nile valley, where it was practiced as early as 700BC.

Featured Topics

Identify:
- The animals domesticated in ancient Egypt.
- Crops grown in ancient Egypt.
Identify the farm implements that were used in Egypt
Explain the factors that promoted (facilitated) agriculture in ancient Egypt

EARLY AGRICULTURE IN AFRICA

Print Friendly and PDF

Agrarian Revolution in Continental Europe

16/10/2020

Agrarian Revolution in Continental Europe

Reasons why farming in continental Europe was not as advanced as it was in Britain. Continental European countries learnt modern methods of farming from Britain. Initially, farming in continental Europe was not as advanced as it was in Britain because:

The French were affected by frequent wars
Italy was restricted to Spain, which was prospecting for minerals in South America
Holland, Denmark and Germany were involved in large scale world trade, which was more profitable at that time
Continental European farmers went for practical scientific and agricultural research in England

Agrarian Revolution in Continental Europe

Print Friendly and PDF

Early Agriculture in Asia and Europe

16/10/2020

Early Agriculture in Asia and Europe

Places associated with early agriculture in Asia.

The Yellow River valley,
The Middle East,
The Indus River valley.

Early Agriculture in Asia and Europe

Map - Kingdoms of the Diadochi 200 BC

Animals that were domesticated in Asia.

Zebu cattle,
Water buffaloes,
Elephants,
Horses,
Goats,
Sheep,
Pigs.

Print Friendly and PDF

Agrarian Revolution In Britain

15/10/2020

From mid 18th century onwards, scientific ideas and new techniques of farming were applied as a result of the scientific and industrial revolutions.
The changes that marked the Agrarian Revolution in Britain. (What were the characteristics of the agrarian revolution in Britain?)

The land enclosure system (fencing and hedging of plots), which replaced the Open Field system in 1750.
Mechanization, i.e. use of new farming methods, which required large farms as opposed to the previous small strips.
Abolition of fallows. Farmers could no longer leave the land fallow to regain its fertility as was the tradition. Increase in population meant demand for more food, which required most of the land to be put to use.
Introduction of crop rotation. Lord Viscount Townsend developed a four-course rotation system called the Norfolk, which consisted of barley, clover, turnips and wheat on the same plot of land over a four-year period, by which land retained or gained but would not lose its fertility.
The introduction of inter cropping. It was discovered that growing crops like maize and beans on a given piece of land at the same time enabled land to regain fertility, since such crops did not require the same nutrients from the soil and they gre w well if planted together.
Use of fertilizer. This was pioneered by Lord Viscount Townsend, who recommended manuring of land to increase yields per hectare.
Use of machines. This changed agriculture from a small scale subsistence activity to a large scale business for both subsistence and commercial purposes.
Selective breeding of livestock. This was invented between 1725-1795 by Robert Bakewell.
Introduction and all-time availability of cattle feed, which helped ensure supply of fresh meat all the year round.

Print Friendly and PDF

The Open Field System

15/10/2020

Describe the Open Field system as practiced by farmers in Western Europe before the 18th century (Explain farming in Britain as practiced under the Open Field system.)

Open Field system

A piece of land was divided into three portions: one for growing corn and wheat, the second for beans, peas, barley, oats and bush wheat, while the third was left fallow to regain fertility. Sometimes, this third piece was left for grazing and homes.

Each portion of land was divided into several strips, depending on the number of peasants in a village.

Each peasant had his own strip, on which he was meant to cultivate just enough for the needs of his family since agriculture had not yet been commercialized.

Print Friendly and PDF

Agrarian Revolution

15/10/2020

Introduction to Agrarian Revolution

Vertical Divider

Definition of the term Agrarian Revolution

Agrarian Revolution refers to radical changes and improvements in agriculture and animal domestication

Agrarian Revolution

Describe the characteristics of agriculture in Western Europe before the 18th century.

Agrarian revolution started with invention and use of machines from mid 18th century, when food production increased as the number of workers on the farm reduced. By the Neolithic period, agriculture had reached Europe, particularly Switzerland, Spain, Italy and Turkey, where rice and barley were mainly grown.

Print Friendly and PDF

Food Situation in Africa and the Rest of the Third World

12/10/2020

Food Situation in Africa and the Rest of the Third World

Food Situation in Africa and the Rest of the Third World

Most third world countries underwent colonialism. This greatly weakened their economies, which explains why most of them had very poor food situations by the time they got their independence.

The main causes of food shortage in Africa.

Population growth rate that is higher than that of food production.
Poor land use and inefficient agricultural practices.

Print Friendly and PDF

Agrarian Revolution in North America

12/10/2020

Agrarian Revolution in North America

The Americas is the origin of many crops in the world today. Indigenous Americans (American Indians) were subsistence farmers. They grew a wide range of crops. From the 17th century, many people, particularly from Western Europe, migrated into America, bringing with them skills, enterprise and enthusiasm. They took and established animal breeds and crop varieties, which led to increased export trade.

Agrarian Revolution in North America

Print Friendly and PDF

The Beginning of Agriculture

11/10/2020

The Beginning of Agriculture

What is agriculture?

Agriculture is cultivation of crops to satisfy human needs.

Identify the factors that made it necessary for human beings to discover agriculture. (Explain the factors that led to (facilitated) development of agriculture)

Increased human population, for which the natural environment could not provide adequate food
Climatic changes, which hindered pure reliance on nature for livelihood
Competition for food among and between people and animals
Calamities such as floods and bushfires, which cleared vegetation for wild animals

The Beginning of Agriculture

Print Friendly and PDF

Early Agriculture in Mesopotamia

10/10/2020

Early Agriculture in Mesopotamia

In Mesopotamia, which today is part of Iraq, food production began around 8000 BC having been introduced by settlers from the Iranian plateau. Jarmo in the Kurdish foothills represents the earliest stage of Agriculture. As men went hunting and gathering, the women they left behind may have experimented with wild grasses that grew around their compound until they found out and grew the edible plants, paving the way for organized agriculture.

Print Friendly and PDF

Beginning of Animal Domestication

10/10/2020

Beginning of Animal Domestication

Animal domestication started about 10,000 years ago in some regions of earliest civilizations like south-west Asia, Greece, Crete, Algeria, Egypt, North Africa, Sahara, the Lake Turkana region and southern Africa
Animal domestication started before crop growing. Development of both crop growing and animal domestication were by chance
Animal domestication was gradual. While hunting and fetching water, man established close ties with, caught, took care of and bred the animals in captivity until they were tamed
Domestic animals like dogs, goats, sheep, cattle and camels were useful in various ways, e.g. provision of food and protection. The dog, which was the first animal to be domesticated, assisted in hunting, driving away dangerous wild animals and herding livestock

Beginning of Animal Domestication

Print Friendly and PDF

Print Friendly and PDF

Primary Resources

K.C.P.E Past Papers
Pri - Primary 1 Level
Pri - Primary 2 Level
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3
Grade 4
Standard 5
Standard 6
Standard 7
Standard 8
English
Kiswahili
Social Studies
Science
Mathematics
Kenya Sign Language
I.R.E
H.R.E
Notes
Termly Questions
Mocks
K.C.P.E Past Papers

College Resources

E.C.D.E
P.T.E
D.T.E
Technical Diploma
Technical Certificate
Business Diploma
Business Certificate
Higher Diploma
K.A.S.N.E.B Resources
K.M.T.C Resources
Varsity Resources

Secondary Resources

Other Useful Links

Contact Us

Manyam Franchise
P.O Box 1189 - 40200 Kisii
Tel: 0728 450 424
Tel: 0738 619 279
Tel: 0763 450 425
E-mail - sales@manyamfranchise.com

Photos used under Creative Commons from Arian Zwegers, hobnob_malevolence, #Rwandaphotos, Defence Images, efile989, sturmkraeh1974, archer10 (Dennis) 92M Views, icannphotos, Rod Waddington, MONUSCO, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Marion Doss, RobertWitcher, Vito Manzari, Contando Estrelas, D-Stanley, EU Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid, hansbirger, Contando Estrelas, Richard Szwejkowski, Pure_nutter, dubdem sound system, Insights Unspoken, GerryT, Elsie esq., Ledge Biscuit, beckstei, andryn2006, Trocaire, eamoncurry123, Blackbird Film Co., EU Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid, BLMOregon, Michael Seeley, Tony Webster, Abode of Chaos, landrovermena, Son of Groucho

History And Government Notes, History And Government, History Notes, Notes, KCSE History, History Of Government, KCSE Notes, History And Government Notes PDF, Geography Note, History KCSE Past Papers, Secondary 4 Geography Notes, KCSE Biology Notes, Free Physics Notes, KCSE History Notes, History KCSE, History & Government, 8-4-4 History Notes, KCSE History Papers, KCSE Biology Revision Notes, History Notes PDF Download, History Notes Form 4, History Notes Form 3, History Notes Form 2 PDF, History Notes Form 1 PDF, History Notes Download, Atika School History Notes, History And Government Form 1-4 Notes PDF, Form One History and Government, Form Two History and Government, Form Three History and Government, Form Four History and Government, Introduction to History and Government, Early Man, Development of Agriculture, The People of Kenya Up to the 19th Century, Social, Economic and Political Organization of Kenyan Societies in the 19 Century, Contacts between East Africa and the Outside World up to the 19th Century, Citizenship, National Integration, Trade, Development of Transport and Communication, Development of Industry, Urbanization, Social, Economic and Political Organization of African Societies In the 19th Century, Constitutions and Constitution Making, Democracy and Human Rights, European Invasion of Africa and the Process of Colonization, Establishment of Colonial Rule in Kenya, Colonial Administration, Social and Economic Developments during the Colonial Period in Kenya, Political Developments and Smuggle For Independence in Kenya (1919-1963), Rise of African Nationalism, Lives and Contributions of Kenyan Leaders, The Formation, Structure and Functions of the Government of Kenya, World Wars, International Relations, Co-Operation in Africa, National Philosophies (Kenya), Social, Economic and Political Developments and Challenges in Kenya Since Independence, Social, Economic and Political Developments and Challenges in Africa Since Independence, Local Authorities in Kenya, Government Revenue and expenditure in Kenya, The Electoral Process and Functions of Governments in Other Parts of The World.