Explain four methods of classifying computers.
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Computers have evolved through a number of generations. List any three characteristics of the First generation of computers.
State three characteristics of mainframe computers.
Characteristics of mainframe
State three features of fifth generation computers.
Features of fifth generation computers
State the hardware technological differences between the second generation and the third generation computers. (2 marks)
State two advantages of using portable computers.
Advantages of portable computers
Differentiate between analogue data and digital data as used in computers. (2 marks)
State two reasons for the increased use of laptop computers in government offices. (2 marks)
Reasons for the preference for laptops.
Describe each of the following types of computers: hybrid; and embedded.
(a) (i) What is a computer keyboard? (1mk)
Input device with keys for keying in data in the form of characters
List four types of keys found on a computer keyboard. Give an example of each. (4mks)List three differences between a microcomputer and a super computer (3mks)Microcomputers
Supercomputers
Define authenticity as used in software selection
Explain why smart phones and personal digital assistants (PDAs) may be regarded as personal computers.
PDAs and smart phones are powered by microprocessors, which coordinate all of the functions according to programmed instructions just like all other personal computers.
State four reasons why a mobile phone is regarded as a computer.(a) List four devices which though traditionally analog, have evolved to digital systems.
(b) State four advantages of digital technology over analog technology.
Distinguish between general and special purpose computers
General purpose computers are designed to be able to perform variety of tasks when loaded with appropriate programs, while special purpose computers are designed to accomplish a single task.
Differentiate between discrete and analog data
Computers can be classified in many ways.
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ANALOGUE
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DIGITAL
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1
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analogue data is continuous in nature (continuous data is quantitative data that can be measured. • it has an infinite number of possible values within. a selected range e.g. temperature range.)
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digital data is discrete in nature (discrete data is quantitative data that can be counted, Discrete data is based on counts. Only a finite number of values is possible, and the values cannot be subdivided meaningfully.)
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2
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less accurate
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more accurate
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3
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more affected by other factors
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less affected by other factors
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4
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requires complex programs to run
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requires simple programs to run
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Famous examples of analog computers are the Planimeter, the nomogram, operational amplifiers, mechanical integrators, slide rules, tide predictors, electric integrators that solve partial differential equations, electronic machines that solve ordinary differential equations, machines to solve algebraic equations, the Norden bomb sight, and neural networks.
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All modern computers, laptops, and calculators are all digital computers.
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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MICRO-COMPUTERS AND MAINFRAME COMPUTERS
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MAINFRAME COMPUTER
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MICRO-COMPUTERS
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1
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large in size
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small in size
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2
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not portable
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portable
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3
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more powerful processing speeds
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less powerful processing speeds
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4
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ability to multi-task, multi-process numerous tasks
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can process limited tasks
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5
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uses a number of processors
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uses only one processor
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