I.R.E QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Discuss the factors that led to the fall of the Abassid dynasty

23/3/2021

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(b) Discuss the factors that led to the fall of the Abassid dynasty (10marks)

Factors that led to the fall of the Abbasid dynasty.

Moral degeneration due to the extravagant life style of the ruling class who concentrated on pomp and ceremony to the expense of solving the problems of the state.
Weak leadership by the Caliphs. The Caliphs could rule the empire efficiently and effectively.
Dissatisfaction by the provincial governors in response to the appointment of the Turkish guards to take care of the royal security.
Discontent by the Arabs and the Persian soldiers who felt sidelined.
Some provincial governors led revolts against the Caliph.
Racial discord between Arabs and non-Arabs and religious conflicts between Muslims and Non-Muslims undermined unity and peace in the Caliphate.
Decline in the military power as the army had been neglected at the expense of cultural affairs.
Economic unrest due to heavy taxes and other levies on the population.
Later Abbasid rulers invested enormous powers on the provincial governors and this led to the decentralization of the power. Some provincial governors declared their own autonomy/independence.
Emergency of Muslim sects such as Shiites, Qarmathians etc. undermined the unity of the Muslim ummah.
Invasion by the Christians who captured Jerusalem and devastated parts of Caliphate.
Invasion by the tartars.
Invasion by the Mongols led by Halaku Khan who killed the Caliph and destroyed Baghdad in 1258 AD. Thus giving final blow to the Abbasid dynasty.
Frequent outbreak of epidemics like plagues weakened the dynasty.
Vastness of the empire. The empire had become too large for effective communication.
Famine due to depletion of man power which left many lands uncultivated.

( 10 x 1 = 10 marks )

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State the contributions made by the Abbasids towards the development of Education.

18/3/2021

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KCSE IRE Paper 2 2012 Question 5(a) with Answers.

(a) State the contributions made by the Abbasids towards the development of Education. (8 marks)

Contributions made by the Abbasids towards the development of Education.

The Abbasics encouraged Education by establishing madrassas, schools,colleges and other institutions of learning in the empire, they ensured that a library was attached to every mosque where they learn Quran and other elements of religion.
They established schools in private houses where the rich had private tutors in their houses. .
Education system was well organized into lower Ievel/primary where pupils learnt how to read the Quran, middle level/secondary where students learnt meaning and interpretation of Quran, Hadith, literature, fiqh and logic, advance level/college where students learnt Maths, Geography, Philosophy, Geometry and Music.
Khalifa Maarnun established Bait-ul-Hikma (House of Wisdom) which was an important learning centre.
Works of scholars such as Plato, Aristotle and Galileo were translated into Arabic.
Islamic fiqh developed based on the Quran and Hadith, the four schools of thought evolved during this time.
Encouraged and financed research and writing of books in logic, astronomy, maths, chemistry, history and literature.
Improved art of creative writing and books were availed to the public at affordable prices.
Improved science of medicine and surgery e.g. Ali Tbn Rabaan wrote the book “paradise of medicine” which contributed a lot in the field of medicine, there were also great physicians such as Al-majlus and Ibn Sina.
Abbasids encouraged women to seek for knowledge.
Abbasids era produced great philosophies such as Al-Kindi, Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina.
Improvement in the field of mathematics e.g. Musa Ibn Khawarizin compiled the first book of algebra.
Khalifa Maamun encouraged astronomy by constructing two observatories.
Produced famous geographers at the time e.g. Al-Yakuq wrote a book Kitab-al-Buldan the book of the country which contained information on different countries, physical features and economic background.
Sahihul Sitta was compiled during the Abbasid era.
Level of literacy was improved.

(8x1 =8marks)

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State ﬁve lessons that Muslims learn from the leadership of Khalifa Maamun in the development of education during the Abbasid era.

14/3/2021

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KCSE IRE Paper 2 2014 Question 4(c) with Answers.

(c) State ﬁve lessons that Muslims learn from the leadership of Khalifa Maamun in the development of education during the Abbasid era. (5 marks)

Lessons that Muslims learn from the leadership of Khalifa Maamun in the development of education during the Abbasid era.

Importance of libraries in the advancement of education, he encouraged the establishment of both private and public libraries.
Importance of supporting scholars and patronising them, Maamun ﬁnanced the writing of books and supported scholars with stipends.
That Islam does not differentiate scholars on the basis of religion, he supported both Muslim and non-Muslim scholars.
Islam does not discriminate women in the pursuit of education - he encouraged women to attend school.
Importance of establishing learning centres, during his reign, schools were established even in private houses, he established the Baitul Hikma which was an important learning centre.
Signiﬁcance of research in advancement of education, he ﬁnanced research.
Role of Muslims in promotion of education, that Muslims should strive to encourage the pursit for knoweldge. Muslims were free to attend scholarly discussions in his court.
We should educate our children and inculcate in them love for knowledge. Al- Maamun was well educated and encouraged establishment of schools even in private houses.
Importance of translating education works into languages that are understood by Muslims so as to promote knowledge. e.g. works of scholars such as Plato, Aristotle, Galileo were translated into Arabic for easy understanding.

(5 x 1 = 5 marks)

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Discuss the contribution made by the Abbasids to education

14/3/2021

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KCSE IRE Paper 2 2008 Question 5(b) with Answers.

Discuss the contribution made by the Abbasids to education. (10 marks)

The Caliphs were educated and cultured and they provided patronage for education and learning throughout the Caliphate, for example:- Darul Hikma.
Madrassas, Primary and Secondary schools, colleges and institutions of higher learning were established throughout the Caliphate.
Establishment of libraries. A library was attached to every mosque.
Schools started in private houses and shops.
The study of the Quran, Hadith, literature, jurisprudence, logic, mathematics, geography, philosophy, astronomy, medicine and music etc. was carried out in the education system.
Learning of Islamic History was promoted.
Practically everybody including women could read and write and this promoted learning and culture with Baghdad becoming the centre of world culture.
Books in Persian and Greek were translated into Arabic.
Islamic jurisprudence became an independent discipline.
The four Sunni Schools of thought: Hanafi, Maliki, Shafii and Hanbali emerged.
The archive stage of Hadith.
Emergence of scholars, for example:- Ibu Khaldun, Al Ghazali, Ibn Sina
Bureau of research attached to every mosque.
Bureau of research on Hadith.
Scholars were given prominence.

(10 marks)

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Discuss the factors that led to the fall of the Abbasid Dynasty

14/3/2021

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KCSE IRE Paper 2 2008 Question 5(a) with Answers.

Discuss the factors that led to the fall of the Abbasid Dynasty. (10 marks)

Moral degeneration due to the extravagant life styles of the ruling class who concentrated on pomp and ceremony at the expense of solving the problems of the caliphate.
Weak leadership by the Caliphs. The Caliphs could not rule the empire efficiently and effectively.
Dissatisfaction by the provincial govemors in response to the appointment of the Turkish guards to take care of the royal security.
Discontent by the Arab and the Persian soldiers who felt sidelined.
Some provincial governors led revolts against the Caliph.
Racial discord between Arabs and non-Arabs, and religious conflicts between Muslims and non-Muslims undermined unity and peace in the Caliphate.
Decline in military power as the army had been neglected at the expense of cultural affairs.
Economic unrest due to imposition of heavy taxes and other levies on the population.
Latter Abbasid rulers invested enormous powers on the provincial govemors and this led to the
decentralization of the administration/power.
Due to decentralization of power some provincial governors declared their own autonomy/independence.
Emergence of Muslim sects such as the Shiites, Qarmathians, etc. undermined the unity of the Muslim Ummah.
Invasion by the Romans who captured Jerusalem and devastated parts of the Caliphate.
Invasion by the Tartars.
Invasion by the Mongols led by Halaghu Khan who killed the Caliph and destroyed Baghdad in 1258 A.D. thus giving the final blow to the Abbasid dynasty.
Natural catastrophies, for example:- floods, famine weakened the caliphate.
Vastness of the empire which became difficult to administer/manage.
Succession problems.

(10 marks)

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Discuss the factors that led to the fall of the Abassid dynasty

(b) Discuss the factors that led to the fall of the Abassid dynasty (10marks)

State the contributions made by the Abbasids towards the development of Education.

KCSE IRE Paper 2 2012 Question 5(a) with Answers.

(a) State the contributions made by the Abbasids towards the development of Education. (8 marks)

State ﬁve lessons that Muslims learn from the leadership of Khalifa Maamun in the development of education during the Abbasid era.

KCSE IRE Paper 2 2014 Question 4(c) with Answers.

(c) State ﬁve lessons that Muslims learn from the leadership of Khalifa Maamun in the development of education during the Abbasid era. (5 marks)

Discuss the contribution made by the Abbasids to education

KCSE IRE Paper 2 2008 Question 5(b) with Answers.

Discuss the contribution made by the Abbasids to education. (10 marks)

Discuss the factors that led to the fall of the Abbasid Dynasty

KCSE IRE Paper 2 2008 Question 5(a) with Answers.

Discuss the factors that led to the fall of the Abbasid Dynasty. (10 marks)

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Discuss the factors that led to the fall of the Abassid dynasty

(b) Discuss the factors that led to the fall of the Abassid dynasty (10marks)

State the contributions made by the Abbasids towards the development of Education.

KCSE IRE Paper 2 2012 Question 5(a) with Answers.

(a) State the contributions made by the Abbasids towards the development of Education. (8 marks)

State ﬁve lessons that Muslims learn from the leadership of Khalifa Maamun in the development of education during the Abbasid era.

KCSE IRE Paper 2 2014 Question 4(c) with Answers.

​(c) State ﬁve lessons that Muslims learn from the leadership of Khalifa Maamun in the development of education during the Abbasid era. (5 marks)

Discuss the contribution made by the Abbasids to education

KCSE IRE Paper 2 2008 Question 5(b) with Answers.

​Discuss the contribution made by the Abbasids to education. (10 marks)

Discuss the factors that led to the fall of the Abbasid Dynasty

KCSE IRE Paper 2 2008 Question 5(a) with Answers.

​Discuss the factors that led to the fall of the Abbasid Dynasty. (10 marks)

Archives

Categories

(c) State ﬁve lessons that Muslims learn from the leadership of Khalifa Maamun in the development of education during the Abbasid era. (5 marks)

Discuss the contribution made by the Abbasids to education. (10 marks)

Discuss the factors that led to the fall of the Abbasid Dynasty. (10 marks)