I.R.E QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Subject content of Imam Malik’s Al-muwatta

1/4/2021

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Subject content of Imam Malik’s Al-muwatta (5 marks)

Devotional acts( prayer and its times, Zakat, Saum, Hajj, Sadaqa)

Marriage and divorce.
The Qibla.
The Qur an.
Burial.
Vows and oaths.
Game, sacrificial animals and slaughtering.
Inheritance (wills and testaments, fixed shares of inherience)
Jihad
Aqiqa
Suckling.
Business transactions.
Blood money.
Madina.

Moral values.
Descriptions and names of the prophet.
Evil eye.
Hair.
Visions.
Greetings.
Speech.
Jahannam.
Knowledge.
Supplication of the unjustly treated.
Knowledge.

(5x1 marks)

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Three types of SHIRK, Qualities of Shiah Imams, Stages of Qiyamah after the second trumpet

31/3/2021

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(a) Three types of SHIRK

Shirk Akbar, major, eg worshipping idols
Shirk Asghar, minor, eg Ria or doing acts for show off
Shirk Khafiy, hidden, eg equating the power of Allah & those of other creatures, statement like: ‘If it were not for Allah and you, I wouldn’t have succeeded’. (must give the kind and example)

(3 x 1 = 9 Marks)

(b) Qualities of Shiah Imams.

Ma’sum
Intelligent
Wise
Knowledgeable
Brave
From the children of Fatmah and Hussein
Just
Kind and generous

Any other good point.
(6 x 1= 6 Marks)

(c) Stages of Qiyamah after the second trumpet

Resurrection
Assembly
Court of Allah
Receiving of Books
Miza’n
Questions, Answers & witnesses
Judgment
Reward (Paradise or Hell)

The answer must be sequential.
(5 x 1 = 5 Marks)

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Explain the qualities of an Imam according to the Shiah doctrine.

30/3/2021

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Explain the qualities of an Imam according to the Shiah doctrine. (6 Marks)

Qualities of Shiah Imams.

Ma’sum
Intelligent
Wise
Knowledgeable
Brave
From the children of Fatmah and Hussein
Just
Kind and generous

(6x1= 6 Marks)

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Describe the contribution of Imam Ahmad ibn Hambal in Fiqh.

30/3/2021

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Describe the contribution of Imam Ahmad ibn Hambal in Fiqh. (5 Marks)

Contribution of Imam Ahmed in Fiqh.

Wrote Musnad
Taught
Produced scholars
Propagated Islam
Laid the foundation of Sunnah
Fought Bidah
Opposed the ideology of ‘Mutazilah’
Preferred use of weak Hadith to rationalism
Added minor source of law in Fiqh, Istihsan provision for public good
Founded Hambali Madh-hab

(5x1 = 5 Marks)

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Discuss the contribution made by Imam Abu Hanifah to Islam.

29/3/2021

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Discuss the contribution made by Imam Abu Hanifah to Islam. (8 marks)

Contribution made by Imam Abu Hanifa.

He strictly followed Shariah in judging legal matters and accepted the four sources of shariah.
He also accepted Istihsan a provision made in public.
Interest in his school of thought.
He set up a committee of experts on figh hadith, Tafssir and other branches of learning.
He wrote many books e.g. Usul Ul fiqh which dealt with legal matters.
He became a centre of public opinion and a leader known for independent opinions as he often addressed corrupt leaders.
His opinion on knowledge encouraged his students not to seek knowledge for material benefit.
He is the founder of Hanafi school of thought.

( 4x2=8marks)

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Outline the qualities of an Imam according to the shia belief.

29/3/2021

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Outline the qualities of an Imam according to the shia belief. (5 marks)

Qualities of an Imam according to the Shia .

Trustworthy
He is appointed by Allah through previous Imams to represent the prophet.
Should be good model for others to follow.
Should be conversant with the Divine laws.
Should be pious, just, upright and brave.
Should be a descendant of the family of the prophet.
Should always be available for people to receive their guidance.
The Iman is Maasum (infallible)

(5x1=5marks)

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Give the themes mentioned in ‘al-Muwatta’ of Imam Malik.

29/3/2021

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Give the themes mentioned in ‘al-Muwatta’ of Imam Malik.(5 Marks)

Themes in Al-Muwatta of Imam Malik.

Acts of worship
Relationships
Economic matters
Moral matters
Remembrance of Allah

(5x1 = 5 Marks)

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State the qualities of an Imam

26/3/2021

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State the qualities of an Imam (5 marks)

Piety
Tolerance
Learned and Knowledgeable/Wisdom
Patience
God Fearing
Leadership Qualities (Vii) Communication Skills
Public Relations/Friendly/Warm
Trustworthiness/Honest/Integrity
Ability to Make Good Judgement and Decision

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Identify three officials of the mosque

25/3/2021

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Identify three officials of the mosque. (3mks)

Imam – leader of prayers.
Muadhin – caller of prayers.
Khatib – preacher.

(3 x 1 = 3mks)

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Why did Imam Al-Ghazal went to seclucion?

24/3/2021

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Why did Imam Al-Ghazal went to seclucion? (10mks)

Why Imam Ghazal went to Seclusion.

He went into conflict in mind and as a result he lost health and appetite.
He thought that he was wholly indulged in worldly temperature.
He paid attention to sciences which was neither important nor beneficial for the hereafter.
He thought that he was only after fame and decided to be sincere to himself and please God.
Imam Ghazal discovered that his life in the world is short and he has a long journey.

(2×5=10mks)

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Give titles of books written by Al-Ghazal.

24/3/2021

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Give titles of books written by Al-Ghazal. (5mks)

Books written by Ghazal.

Al-Munqidh Mina Dahla ( Deliverance from Evil)
Al-Munqidh (The savior)
Maqaasid al- Falaasifah(The aim of the Philosophers)
Bidayatul Hidaya-The beginning of guidance.
Ihyaa Ulunmu din-The revival of religious science.

(1×5=5mks)

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What were the achievements of Imam Ghazal.

24/3/2021

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What were the achievements of Imam Ghazal. (5mks)

What were the achievements of Imam Ghazal.

He achieved a lot by writing over hundred books.
He set up rules of conduct useful to every Muslim.
He helped in the removal of irreligious doctrines.
He contributed to the reformation of the society.
He led a scholarly and a religious life.

(1×5=5mks)

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Describe the conditions that should be met by a Sunni Imam.

24/3/2021

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b. Describe the conditions that should be met by a Sunni Imam.[6 Marks].

Describe the conditions that should be met by a Sunni Imam.

The imam must be well versed in the Islamic jurisprudence (law/Sharia).
He must be a well-known person and not an alien.
He must be a pious man.
He should be able to to recite the Holy Quran properly.
He must be a Mukallaf (Sane, mature Muslim).
He should be a married man.
He should be physically fit.
He should as well have the knowledge of Hadith.

(5x1 Marks)

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State the contributions made by Imam Al-Ghazali to the development of Islam.

19/3/2021

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KCSE IRE Paper 2 2011 Question 6(a) with Answers.

(a) State the contributions made by Imam Al-Ghazali to the development of Islam. (10 marks)

Contributions made by Imam Al-Ghazali to the development of Islam

he was a distinguished teacher whose lecturers attracted a large number of students and scholars.
removed irreligious doctrines, he was the first one to strike against Greek philosophy which was undermining the foundation of Islam.
he wrote numerous books e.g Ihya-ulum-ul-diin (the revival of religious sciences), Makasid-al-falasafa, Tahafut-al-falasafa.
awakened the spirit of Islam by carrying out a detailed analysis of the moral and spiritual life of Muslims.
Credit for laying foundation of scientific scholarship in Asharite school of theology.
Wrote a commentary on the Holy Quran known as Jawahir-al-Quran.
formulated the ten rules of conduct.
taught that the best guidance for man is the revealed knowledge.
suggested for the reformation of the society, he critised the ulama for wasting time debating insignificant issues instead of devoting their energies in doing their essential duties.
he is recognised as Mujadid (reviver of Islam) in the Muslim world.
stressed on the study of the traditions and biography of the Prophet (P.b.u.h) and modelling of one’s life according to it.

(5x2=10 marks)

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State four contributions made by Imam Shaffi to Islamic Fiqh.

17/3/2021

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KCSE IRE Paper 1 2013 Question 5(c) with Answers.

c) State four contributions made by Imam Shaffi to Islamic Fiqh. (4 marks)

Contributors of Imam Shaffi to Islamic Fiqh

He was recognized as a scholar at the age of 15 years and was authorised by the prominent scholars of Makka to give fatwa on religious issues.
He was a well-known teacher and used to give lectures in the grand mosque in Makkah, he also travelled to Egypt where he taught students.
He was the founder of the Shafﬁ Madh’hab (Shafﬁ School of Thought).
He wrote several books which include Kitab-al-Risala, Kitab-al-Umm.
He accepted Ijmah as a source of Shariah as long at it involves the whole community.
He also looked at religious matters with an independent legal reasoning.
He was a distinguished scholar in Arabic language and commentary on the Quran. a skillful debater and a keen teacher.
He studied the viewpoints of the Hanaﬁ school of thought and the Muhtazilite doctrines which contributed to the development of Fiqh.

(4 x 1 = 4 marks)

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State the functions of an Imam.

12/3/2021

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KCSE IRE Paper 1 2014 Question 6(c) with Answers.

(c) State the functions of an Imam.(7 marks)

Functions of an Imam.

He is the leader of Muslims in congregational prayers.
He supervises / oversees Islamic rites such as marriage / Nikah, Aqiqah.
He conducts sermons / Khutha especially during Friday prayers.
Teaches Muslims especially children on the fundamentals of religion.
Arbitrates and reconciles disputing Muslims.
Acts as a role model for the youth and the society as a whole.
Authenticates, ofﬁciates and approves ofﬁcial documents as per the law e.g.birth certiﬁcates, passport applications, bursary forms, bank account opening requests e.t.c.
Fills the vacuum in the absence of political leadership.
Acts as a witness in transactions and business dealings.
Conducts funerals for deceased Muslims.
Engages in daawa activities and also defends Islam and Muslims when need arises.

(7x1 = 7 marks)

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March 12th, 2021

12/3/2021

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KCSE IRE Paper 1 2014 Question 5(b) with Answers.

(b) State four contributions of Imam Abu Hanifa to the development of Fiqh. (4 marks)

Contributions of Imam Abu Hanifa to the development of Fiqh.

He established a committee of scholars from among his best students charged with the task of compiling ﬁqh-based questions and the answers he gave under different heading such a taharah, salat e.t.c.
He codiﬁed ﬁqh into relevant chapters for easy reference.
He devised a series of principles from which to derive the rules of ﬁqh which came to be known as Usul-al-ﬁqh.
He accepted the sources of law as being the Quran, Sunnah, Ijma ad Qiyas.
He developed the principle of Istihsan (provision made in public interest) as a subsidiary source of Shariah.
He taught many students such as Imam Muhammad and Abu Yusuf as-Shaybatic, who commented upon and expounded further on the jurisprudence of their teacher.
He founded the Hanaﬁ school of law-the ﬁrst of its kind in the Muslim world.
He tried to make ﬁqh as easy and applicable as possible to day-today life.
He divided his ﬁqh into two categories, namely those dealing with canonical laws that were ﬁxed and those dealing with non canonical laws (i.e. dealing with customary practices that could change with time and place).
He is the author of al-Musnad - a major work on hadith that deals with aspects of jurisprudence and ibadah.

(4 x 1 = 4 marks)

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Describe seven lessons that Muslim youth can learn from Imam Ghazali’s rules of conduct.

10/3/2021

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KCSE IRE Paper 2 2015 Question 6(b) with Answers.

(b) Describe seven lessons that Muslim youth can learn from Imam Ghazali’s rules of conduct. (7 marks)

Lessons that Muslim youth can learn from Iman Ghazali’s rules of conduct

Muslim youth must have good intentions in all their undertakings
Trust in Allah and unity of purpose should be the basis of anything a Muslim youth wishes to do
Muslim youth must uphold truth and work towards eradication of falsehood
Muslim youth should resist themselves from selfish desires
Muslim youth should stick to the Sunnah of the prophet (p.b.u.h) and shy away from all innovations
Muslim youth should be active and responsible in their duties without undue delay
Muslim youth should place all his dependence on Allah
Muslim youth should strive at all given times to do good deeds and always seek the mercy of Allah to accept their deeds
Muslim youth should be steadfast in Ibadah e.g. prayers, as this is the only way a Muslim can get closer to Allah
Muslim youth should always reflect upon his inner self as a means of getting closer to Allah
Muslim youth should seek the inner and outer knowledge of Allah.

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Outline five achievements of Imam Malik as a Muslim jurist.

10/3/2021

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KCSE IRE Paper 1 2015 Question 5(b) with Answers.

(b) Outline five achievements of Imam Malik as a Muslim jurist. (5 marks)

Achievements of Imam Malik as a Muslim jurist

He authored several books in the field of Islamic jurisprudence e.g. al-Muwatta
He taught and produced prominent and competent Muslim jurists such as Iman al-shaffi
He organized regular jurisprudence classes in the mosque of the Prophet (p.b.u.h) where various issues in law were discussed
He issued well articulated fatwa (Islamic decrees) which are applicable up to today
He is one of the founders of the Maliki school of jurisprudence
He gave prominence in his formulation of principles of jurisprudence (usul-al-fiqh) on Quran, Hadith and the practices of the people of Madina (amal ahi al-Madina)
He motivated and inspired many young scholars to study Islamic jurisprudence.

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Outline six achievements of Imam Jaafar Assidiq.

7/3/2021

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KCSE IRE Paper 1 2018 Question 5(c) with Answers.

(c) Outline six achievements of Imam Jaafar Assidiq. (6 marks)

Achievements of Imam Jaafar Assidiq

He had profound knowledge of religion and other sciences, people came from distant lands to learn from him.
He was a renowned teacher, he had over 4000 students, including Imam Nuuman bin Thabit, Imam Abu Hanifa, Jabir-al-Hayyan, Imam Malik.
He was a distinguished jurist who refused to enter the services of the government as a judge.
He taught medicine, and his research and theories had great impact on science and medicine e.g. during the 2nd and 3rd centuries of Hijra,most physicians in the East followed his methods of diagnosis and treatment.
He is considered the father of renaissance a movement in the field of astronomy.
He discovered that the earth rotates on its own axis.
He had a high level of humility and modesty and lived an exemplary life.
He discovered that there is oxygen in the air.
He was significant in the formation of Shia doctrines.
He founded the jafari school of thought/law which was an important source of shiite laws.
He authored books on tafsir.
He adopted the doctrine of taqqiya as a defense tool against threats.

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Describe tour ways through which Imam Bukhari ensured authenticity of his collection of Hadith.

7/3/2021

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KCSE IRE Paper 1 2018 Question 3(a) with Answers.

(a) Describe tour ways through which Imam Bukhari ensured authenticity of his collection of Hadith. (8 marks)

Ways through which Imam Bukhari ensured authenticity of his collection of Hadith

He was very careful in his collection of Hadith and only included in his collection authentic traditions whatever he was not sure of even through authentic he left out.
He collected over 600,000 hadith but only chose 7,275 as authentic and included in his Sahih after careful scrutiny.
He had an excellent memory and was capable of remembering long and complex chains of narrators of hadith, this helped him ensuring that all his chains of narrations were reliable, he could only include in his book a hadith whose chain of narrators was authentic and reliable.
He stayed in Makka and Madina for several years to collect hadith from leading hadith scholars, and ensured that the narrators he collected hadith from were authentic and reliable.
He was meticulous in attention to details when it came to compilation of hadith, he was very strict in rules for accepting a hadith as authentic e.g. he would verify a chain of narrators as reliable before including a hadith in his compilation, he would study the lives of all the people in the chain in depth.
He would make sure that if a narrator narrates a hadith from someone else they both must have been in the same place and actually met and discussed the hadith.
He studied the lives of the narrators and proved that they were trustworthy and would not fabricate hadith, he would not include a hadith in his book if the narrator was considered untrustworthy.
He used strict guidelines to classify hadith as either Sahih ,hasan or dhaif, this system became the standard by which all hadith was classified by other hadith scholars.
He scrutinized the content (matn) of each hadith and ensured that it was in accordance with the teachings of the Quran and Sunnah.
For any hadith that he accepted, he ensured that the first transmitter had to be a companion of the Prophet (P.b.u.h.).
He would perform a prayer before including a hadith in his collection;to seek for Allah’s protection and guidance.

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State six achievements of Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal

5/3/2021

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KCSE IRE Paper 1 2019 Question 5(a) with Answers.

a)State six achievements of Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal (6 marks)

Achievements of Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal

He is the founder of the Hanbali School of Law which gained wide acceptance in the Muslim world.
He was a famous jurist and was consulted on juridicial matters and was a leader known for independent opinions.
He strictly followed the shariah in judging legal matters, he accepted/acknowledged the four sources of Shariah.
Under his guidance, a committee of experts drafted a set of rules on legal matters known as Usul-al-Fiqh.
He encouraged Muslims to acquire knowledge for the betterment and service of Islam and not for material gains.
He reformed judicial institutions, he often criticized decisions by judges in courts by sending them private letters.
He wrote several books on law e.g. Al-fiqh ai akbar, al-alim wal muta’alim, Radd a’la al-Qadiriya, Musnad.