I.R.E QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Discuss ways in which Islamic culture has influenced the Kenyan society

14/3/2021

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KCSE IRE Paper 2 2008 Question 6(b) with Answers.

Discuss ways in which Islamic culture has influenced the Kenyan society. (13 marks)

Language - Kiswahili (mixture of Arabic and Kenyan languages) is the national language of Kenya. It is spoken in every part of Kenya. Arabic or Kiswahili words have their way in every language (including English) and dialect spoken in Kenya.
A big population of Kenya is made up of Muslims who continue to make reverts/converts. This means that Muslims are found in every city and town in Kenya and even in the rural areas where they continue to influence the way people live and behave.
Food and methods of cooking, for example: - Pilau, Biriani, Kaimati, Mahamri, use of spices in cooking.
Etiquettes:- manners, behaviour, manners of eating, speech.
Dress:- mode of dress, buibui, Kangas, Kanzu.
Architecture and design:- design of houses and use of building materials and way of building.
Education:- Madrassas, schools and colleges built and run by Muslims, Muslim history/schools, universities.
Tourism:- attract tourists to come and see historical sights built by Muslims, teaching of Muslim culture and celebrations, for example:- Maulid.
Urbanization:- coastal urban centres founded and built by Muslims and mostly inhabited by Muslims, their contribution in developing other urban centres in North Eastern and other areas.
Intermarriages:- intermarriages with other people continues to spread Islam, Islamic culture and influence to more people.
Politics:- The laws of hand must take the interest of Muslims.
Public Service:- working as civil servants, in Judiciary, khadi.
In Commerce and Industry:- sharia compliance bank Halal products.
Agriculture:- involved in fanning activities as owners of shambas/plantation fanning, for example:- coconut.
Emergency of the waswahili.

(13 marks)

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Elaborate the contribution made by Ibn Sina to medicine

14/3/2021

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KCSE IRE Paper 2 2008 Question 6(a) with Answers.

Elaborate the contribution made by Ibn Sina to medicine. (7 marks)

Authored books on medicine for example:- canon of medicine which were widely referred to.
Made advances in the treatment of contagious diseases, for example:- T.B.
Started a study on the interaction/relationship between Psychology and health.
Made advances in the understanding of diseases spread through water and soil.
Made contributions in the area of pharmacology. He describes 800 different drugs.
He was the first to expose meningitis.
Contribution to medical areas of anatomy, gynaecology and child health.
His works in medicine are used by universities all over the world.
Prescribed healing power of prayer.

(7 marks)

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Discuss the contribution made by the Abbasids to education

14/3/2021

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KCSE IRE Paper 2 2008 Question 5(b) with Answers.

Discuss the contribution made by the Abbasids to education. (10 marks)

The Caliphs were educated and cultured and they provided patronage for education and learning throughout the Caliphate, for example:- Darul Hikma.
Madrassas, Primary and Secondary schools, colleges and institutions of higher learning were established throughout the Caliphate.
Establishment of libraries. A library was attached to every mosque.
Schools started in private houses and shops.
The study of the Quran, Hadith, literature, jurisprudence, logic, mathematics, geography, philosophy, astronomy, medicine and music etc. was carried out in the education system.
Learning of Islamic History was promoted.
Practically everybody including women could read and write and this promoted learning and culture with Baghdad becoming the centre of world culture.
Books in Persian and Greek were translated into Arabic.
Islamic jurisprudence became an independent discipline.
The four Sunni Schools of thought: Hanafi, Maliki, Shafii and Hanbali emerged.
The archive stage of Hadith.
Emergence of scholars, for example:- Ibu Khaldun, Al Ghazali, Ibn Sina
Bureau of research attached to every mosque.
Bureau of research on Hadith.
Scholars were given prominence.

(10 marks)

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Discuss the factors that led to the fall of the Abbasid Dynasty

14/3/2021

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KCSE IRE Paper 2 2008 Question 5(a) with Answers.

Discuss the factors that led to the fall of the Abbasid Dynasty. (10 marks)

Moral degeneration due to the extravagant life styles of the ruling class who concentrated on pomp and ceremony at the expense of solving the problems of the caliphate.
Weak leadership by the Caliphs. The Caliphs could not rule the empire efficiently and effectively.
Dissatisfaction by the provincial govemors in response to the appointment of the Turkish guards to take care of the royal security.
Discontent by the Arab and the Persian soldiers who felt sidelined.
Some provincial governors led revolts against the Caliph.
Racial discord between Arabs and non-Arabs, and religious conflicts between Muslims and non-Muslims undermined unity and peace in the Caliphate.
Decline in military power as the army had been neglected at the expense of cultural affairs.
Economic unrest due to imposition of heavy taxes and other levies on the population.
Latter Abbasid rulers invested enormous powers on the provincial govemors and this led to the
decentralization of the administration/power.
Due to decentralization of power some provincial governors declared their own autonomy/independence.
Emergence of Muslim sects such as the Shiites, Qarmathians, etc. undermined the unity of the Muslim Ummah.
Invasion by the Romans who captured Jerusalem and devastated parts of the Caliphate.
Invasion by the Tartars.
Invasion by the Mongols led by Halaghu Khan who killed the Caliph and destroyed Baghdad in 1258 A.D. thus giving the final blow to the Abbasid dynasty.
Natural catastrophies, for example:- floods, famine weakened the caliphate.
Vastness of the empire which became difficult to administer/manage.
Succession problems.

(10 marks)

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Give reasons why the Madina Constitution was written

13/3/2021

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KCSE IRE Paper 2 2008 Question 4(b) with Answers.

Give reasons why the Madina Constitution was written. (8 marks)

To ensure that Islam was taught and spread freely in a peaceful environment.
To ensure peaceful co-existence between Muslims and non-Muslims in Madina.
To safeguard freedom of worship.
To safeguard life and property.
To safeguard freedom of thought, expression, association and religion.
To reduce/stop territorial and religious wars/conflicts.
To reconcile different groups living in Madina.
To provide safe haven for Muslims and non-Muslims.
To recognise/confirm the Prophet (SAW") as Supreme Leader (religious, political, social, ethical) and organiser of affairs in Madina.
To ensure tolerance to other peoples' religious practices and beliefs.
To create a model Muslim state.
To preserve it for future generation.
Islamic teaching where any agreement should be written down.

(8 marks)

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Discuss the contribution made by the Ansars to the development of Islam

13/3/2021

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KCSE IRE Paper 2 2008 Question 4(a) with Answers.

Discuss the contribution made by the Ansars to the development of Islam. (12 marks)

They established a brotherhood with the Muhajirin and worked together for the cause of Islam/offered the Muhajirin a safe haven from where they spread Islam.
Joined with the Muhajirin to propagate Islam as a united front.
They accepted the Prophet (SAW) as a spiritual and social leader thus enabling him to carry on with his mission.
They strengthened/reinforced the Muslim army to counter any outside aggression and in military operations.
Joined the Muhajirin in spreading Islam which hastened and enhanced its spread.
Learned from the Prophet and the Muhajirin about Islam which they spread to others.
The support they gave to the Prophet gave him inspiration and motivation to carry on with his mission.
The Prophet created in Madina a new state and new social order which is still regarded as archetypal model for Muslims everywhere.
They helped in the building of the Prophet 's mosque in Madina using harambee spirit.
It was in Madina that the Prophet was able to work out a cultus and institutions, for example, Juma prayers, five daily prayers, adhan, prostration during prayer, giving of alms etc.
Invited the prophet (p.b.u.h.) to Madina and offered to protect him.

(12 marks)

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Identify ways in which Muslims in Kenya can show Taqwa

12/3/2021

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KCSE IRE Paper 2 2008 Question 3(b) with Answers.

Identify ways in which Muslims in Kenya can show Taqwa. (12 marks)

Showing gratitude for Allah’s favours through words and action.
Reading/reciting the Quran.
Performing the five daily prayers, Fardh and Sunuah and observing other devotional acts giving sadaqa and zakat.
Being humble, gentle and polite to others.
By being patient and practicing self restraint.
By protecting, conserving and taking care of Allah’s creation.
By living in peace with oneself and others.
Being content with what one has.
By living simple and modest lives.
By leading chaste and moral lives/moral uprightness.
Keeping away from evil deeds and immoral practices.
Devoting time to Allah, remembering him and his bounty to mankind.

(12 marks)

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State the manners of eating according to Islam

12/3/2021

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KCSE IRE Paper 2 2008 Question 3(a) with Answers.

State the manners of eating according to Islam. (8 marks)

Washing hands before you start eating.
Recite Bismillahi/dua.
Eat that which is in front of you.
Start eating from the side of the dish going inside.
Eat with three fingers.
Eat while sitting straight/not leaning.
Recite dua after eating.
Wash hands after eating.
Eat two thirds (2/3) and leave the rest for air and water.
Minimal conversation.
Preferably eat with others.
When very hungry eat and then pray.
Clear the food/ avoid waste.

(8 marks)

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Identify five forms of child abuse prevalent in Kenya

12/3/2021

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KCSE IRE Paper 2 2008 Question 2(c) with Answers.

Identify five forms of child abuse prevalent in Kenya. (5 marks)

Physical abuse, for example:- beatings. burning, pulling ears.
Social abuse, for example:- discrimination on basis of age, gender, disability, defects, looks.
Child labour.
Child prostitution.
Child sex/paedophile.
Denial of the right to education.
Denial of basic needs:- food, shelter, clothing.
Verbal abuse, for example:- calling names, insults, abuses.
Inadequate legal framework to protect children and their rights.
Giving children drugs and alcohol.
Forced initiation rites, for example:- female genital mutilation/forced circumcision of the girl child.
Indecent touching, fondling and other sexual gestures.
Child pornography.
Pushing/expecting to achieve academic excellence/achievement, for example:- sports.

(5 marks)

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Discuss the significance of Mirath

12/3/2021

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KCSE IRE Paper 2 2008 Question 2(b) with Answers.

Discuss the significance of Mirath. (12 marks)

The rights of heirs to ownership of property are safeguarded.
The rights of orphans to their parents’ property are protected.
Women are recognized as integral part of the family and their right to inheritance of the share of the properly is safeguarded.
Property/wealth is fairly distributed to all the members of the deceased’s family.
It is a divine command which cannot be violated.
Property/wealth is not passed only to one individual.
It also provides for friends, servants and other people to benefit from the property/wealth through wasiah.
The law is a comprehensive one that has stood the test of time.
It blocks social injustice and/economic inequality/ensures social justice and economic equality.
Allows for circulation of wealth as people take possession of their share of inheritance.
Safeguards against family squabbles and conflicts over the division of the property of a deceased person.
Promotes harmony and understanding among the members of the family.

(12 marks)

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Define the term Mirath

12/3/2021

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KCSE IRE Paper 2 2008 Question 2(a) with Answers.

Define the term Mirath. (3 marks)

Mirath is the terminology used for the Islamic law of inheritance.
It also means the transfer of property or items from one person to another.
Technically, it is a science that shows the eligible heirs as they are assigned inheritance by application of some mathematical principles.

(3 marks)

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Give reasons why it is important for Muslims to conserve the environment

12/3/2021

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KCSE IRE Paper 2 2008 Question 1(b) with Answers.

Give reasons why it is important for Muslims to conserve the environment. (10 marks)

Allah gave human beings responsibility over nature/creation. Man was appointed vicegerent.
Human beings will be accountable to Allah over their stewardship of the environment.
Will be rewarded for caring for and conserving the environment.
To conserve the natural resources and the aesthetics of the land.
Helps in the reduction of diseases as it ensures clean environment, clean water and air.
Reduces human and wildlife conflicts.
Prevents global warming and regulates rainfall.
Helps prevent natural catastrophies, for example:- flooding, drought
Prevents desertification and deforestation.
Helps in economic growth and development.
Helps in the preservation of flora and fauna.
Enhances the beauty and aesthetics of the landscape/natural beauty.
For survival of man and other creatures, for example:- sources of food, medicine, building materials.

(10 marks)

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Discuss the importance of marriage in Islam

11/3/2021

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KCSE IRE Paper 2 2008 Question 1(a) with Answers.

Discuss the importance of marriage in Islam. (10 marks)

It is Sunnah.
Marriage is half of the faith/Reward.
Marriage is the nucleus of the faiuily as a social structure.
It is a source of regeneration/procreation.
Reduces immorality in society/protection against sin.
Helps in the control of diseases.
Provides children husband and wife with a home, love and security.
Creates relationships among and between families.
Gives family members identity.
Promotes psychological and mental peace/tranquility in couples and their children.
For companionship.
Uphold full right of inheritance

(10 marks)

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Apart from the Qur’an discuss the other sources of Sharia

9/3/2021

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KCSE IRE Paper 1 2008 Question 6(b) with Answers.

Apart from the Qur’an discuss the other sources of Sharia. (15 marks)

(i)

Hadith/Sunnah is the second source of Sharia to the Qur’an.
The prophet would sometimes explain the intent of the Qur’anic text by making a statement, at other times by an act. For example the Quran commands believers to establish regular prayers without description of the time they have performed. So the prophet prayed among his followers.
Revelation on matters of inheritance are in the Qur’an, but it was the prophet who gave an elaborate explanation of how the property should be shared out.

(5 marks)
(ii)

An agreement of opinion by the learned jurists to come lip with a certain solution to a problem.
It expresses the unanimous consensus by the learned jurist on a matter affecting/relating to Sharia.
The Qur’an exhorts man to ‘reflect’ to ‘understand’, to have sense. This shows that mankind is urged to apply reason and to exercise judgment.
The prophet himself followed/put into practice the principle of reason and judgment in religious matters when there was no express direction given in the Qur’an. Example is when he chose the method of calling people to prayer (Adhan). And when he sent Ibn jabal to Yemen.

(5 marks)
(iii)

Qiyas means measuring by comparison.
It is also a legal principle introduced in order to arrive at logical conclusion/verdict/judgment of a certain law on a certain issue.
If a case comes up for a decision which is not expressly provided for either in the Qur’an or Suunah, the jurists/scholars look for a similar case in the Qur’an or Sunnah and by reasoning on the basis of analogy arrive at a decision/verdict/judgment, for example:- punishment given to those who drink alcohol.

(5 marks)

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Define the term ijtihad

9/3/2021

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KCSE IRE Paper 1 2008 Question 6(a) with Answers.

Define the term ijtihad (5 marks)

It literally means an effort or an exercise to arrive at one’s judgment.
In its widest sense, it means the use of human reason in the elaboration and explanation of Sharia Law.
It includes the interpretation of the text of the Qur’an, the assessment of the authenticity of Hadith.

(5 marks)

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<<Previous

KCSE IRE Paper 2 2008 Question 6(b) with Answers.

​Discuss ways in which Islamic culture has influenced the Kenyan society. (13 marks)

KCSE IRE Paper 2 2008 Question 6(a) with Answers.

​Elaborate the contribution made by Ibn Sina to medicine. (7 marks)

KCSE IRE Paper 2 2008 Question 5(b) with Answers.

​Discuss the contribution made by the Abbasids to education. (10 marks)

KCSE IRE Paper 2 2008 Question 5(a) with Answers.

​Discuss the factors that led to the fall of the Abbasid Dynasty. (10 marks)

KCSE IRE Paper 2 2008 Question 4(b) with Answers.

​Give reasons why the Madina Constitution was written. (8 marks)

KCSE IRE Paper 2 2008 Question 4(a) with Answers.

​Discuss the contribution made by the Ansars to the development of Islam. (12 marks)

KCSE IRE Paper 2 2008 Question 3(b) with Answers.

​Identify ways in which Muslims in Kenya can show Taqwa. (12 marks)

KCSE IRE Paper 2 2008 Question 3(a) with Answers.

​State the manners of eating according to Islam. (8 marks)

KCSE IRE Paper 2 2008 Question 2(c) with Answers.

​Identify five forms of child abuse prevalent in Kenya. (5 marks)

KCSE IRE Paper 2 2008 Question 2(b) with Answers.

​Discuss the significance of Mirath. (12 marks)

KCSE IRE Paper 2 2008 Question 2(a) with Answers.

​Define the term Mirath. (3 marks)

KCSE IRE Paper 2 2008 Question 1(b) with Answers.

​Give reasons why it is important for Muslims to conserve the environment. (10 marks)

KCSE IRE Paper 2 2008 Question 1(a) with Answers.

​Discuss the importance of marriage in Islam. (10 marks)

KCSE IRE Paper 1 2008 Question 6(b) with Answers.

​Apart from the Qur’an discuss the other sources of Sharia. (15 marks)

KCSE IRE Paper 1 2008 Question 6(a) with Answers.

​ Define the term ijtihad (5 marks)

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Discuss ways in which Islamic culture has influenced the Kenyan society. (13 marks)

Elaborate the contribution made by Ibn Sina to medicine. (7 marks)

Discuss the contribution made by the Abbasids to education. (10 marks)

Discuss the factors that led to the fall of the Abbasid Dynasty. (10 marks)

Give reasons why the Madina Constitution was written. (8 marks)

Discuss the contribution made by the Ansars to the development of Islam. (12 marks)

Identify ways in which Muslims in Kenya can show Taqwa. (12 marks)

State the manners of eating according to Islam. (8 marks)

Identify five forms of child abuse prevalent in Kenya. (5 marks)

Discuss the significance of Mirath. (12 marks)

Define the term Mirath. (3 marks)

Give reasons why it is important for Muslims to conserve the environment. (10 marks)

Discuss the importance of marriage in Islam. (10 marks)

Apart from the Qur’an discuss the other sources of Sharia. (15 marks)

Define the term ijtihad (5 marks)