I.R.E QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Discuss Sayyidna Umar Ibn al-Khattab’s contributions to the cause of Islam

23/3/2021

Contributions of Umar Ibn Al-Khattabs to the cause of Islam.

Expanded and consolidated the unity of the Muslim empire.
Expanded the mosque at Mecca.
He introduced administrative record keeping in 14A.H to record revenue and government expenditure.
He built bridge and Canals.
He established the Islamic calendar in the year 16 A.H and ordered it to start from the migration (Hijra).
He introduced a standing army.
He ordered minting of coins in I8A.H.
Established the institution of Kadhihood in Islam.
Introduced a police force.
Originated welfare system in Islam by giving stipends to the poor from bait-ul maal.
Founded new cities contributing to the growth of Islamic culture and civilization.
He improved agriculture and the economy of the Islamic state.
Established the first educational system in Islam.
Introduced quarantine in areas affected by epidemics as one of his public health measures.
Introduced a postal and town system.

(8 X 1 = 8 marks)

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18/3/2021

Challenges faced by Sayyidna Uthman Ibn Affan during his caliphate.

Accusations of administrative malpractices, most of these accusations were trivial and based on misunderstandings e.g. he was accused of nepotism, misappropriation of funds, disregarding the Quran and Hadith etc.
Discontent in provinces against some governors and officials Khalifa Uthman Tbn Affan had to deal with problems that came up as a result of dissatisfaction with some governors, and it was not easy to satisfy all the people.
The soft nature of Uthman coupled with his old age made people take advantage of him because he was not used to taking strong action against offenders hence overlooked the witnesses and faults of others.
Vastness of the caliphate/empire which required extra effort to monitor and supervise. It was not easy to supervise all the governors in the provinces and also get to know the problems facing the people.
External threats/danger posed by the Roman and Persians who were in constant wars with Muslims. Uthman had a challenge of looking for a way of quelling these wars.
The internal threat posed by hypocrites who were fighting Islam from within e.g. Abdullah Ibn Sabah who created fitna among the Muslims which eventually led to the assassination of Khalifa Uthman.
Dealing with pre-Islamic tribal rivalries which threatened to create disunity among the Muslims e.g. the rivalry between banu Hashim and banu Ummayad.
Eliminating differences and disputes in the prunciation of Quran which emerged as result of territorial expansion of Islam.

(5x2 =10 marks)

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14/3/2021

Similarities between the reign of Umar Ibn Abdulaziz and Umar al-Khattab.

Both witnessed prosperity during their reigns to the extent that nobody required to be given Zakat.
Both witnessed uprecedented peace and security.
Both eras were characterised by reforms in all aspects of life e.g. administration.
Both executed justice to the letter and everyone got a fair deal.
For both, their lives ended tragically Umar al-Khattab was stabbed to death and Umar Ibn Abdulaziz was poisoned.
In both eras, they chose leaders who were trustworthy and pious.
Both Khalifas were trustworthy and God-fearing.
They both resembled each other walked and dressed the same. Umar Ibn Abdulaziz was a grandson of Umar bin Khattab.
Both reigns registered tremendous progress and development of Muslim caliphate which were not witnessed in the other eras.

(5 x l = 5 marks)

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