The KCSE History and Government Topical Questions and Answers Switchboard

1/1/2024

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Identify one type of government?

16/4/2021

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Identify one type of government? (1mark)

Democratic
Aristocracy
Dictatorial
Monarchial

1×1=1 mark

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State two uses of Acheulian tools?

16/4/2021

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State two uses of Acheulian tools?

State two uses of Acheulian tools? (2marks)

Skinning
Sharpening bone and wood
Digging
Scrapping animal skins
Cutting

2×1=2 marks

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What is barter trade? And limitations of using this method in trade.

15/4/2021

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Definition of barter trade.

This is actually a business where mode of transaction or medium of exchange is goods/services for other goods/services

E.G. a farmer wanting to buy a hoe from a blacksmith will agree with the black smith to exchange hoes for lets say goats or food of equivalent value. In barter trade, no money nor electrical money transfer services are used.

Definition of barter trade, what is barter trade?

Identify one limitation of using barter as a method of trade

Some commodities are bulky/ heavy and are difficultly to transport
It may not be easy to establish the exchange rate of commodities
Perishable goods are likely to go to waste if negotiations are not done in time
It requires double coincidence of demands
Indivisibility of some commodities

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CHAPTER 9: TRADE

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Explain five ways in which home erectus attempted attempted to improve his way of live

15/4/2021

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How Homo Erectus attempted to improve his life

Identify five ways in which Homo erectus attempted to improve his way of life (5 marks)

Domesticated animals and crops
Invented more efficient tools to ease his work, Improved stone tools through use of Levallors technique
Invented fire for cooking, lightning, warming and protecting himself from wild animals
Made and lived in caves for more permanent settlements and security
Made clothes out of animal skins
Created leisure activities such as artwork
Developed language for effective communication
Migrated to warmer areas or regions

How Homo Erectus attempted to improve his life

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Name the Empire that was ruled by Samori Toure during the European invasion of Africa.

14/12/2020

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Name the Empire that was ruled by Samori Toure during the European invasion of Africa

The Mandinka Empire

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CHAPTER 16: European invasion of Africa and the process of colonization

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Explain why Christian missionaries established mission stations in Kenya during the colonial period.

14/12/2020

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Why Christian missionaries established mission stations in Kenya during the colonial period

Mission stations were established by Christian missionaries to serve as centers for converting Africans.
To serve as centers where Africans would be taught basic literacy to enable them to read the bible.
To teach Africans new methods of carpentry, farming and masonry
To train African catechists who would in turn facilitate the spread of Christianity.
To use them as centers for the spread of Western European culture
To serve as health centers where basic health care was provided to Africans.
To serve as settlements for freed slaves and other displaced peoples.
Serve as centers for the pacification of Africans/ centres to promote European colonization.
Serve as base where European missionaries could operate from.

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Explain six factors which influenced Lewanika of the Balozi to collaborate with the British.

14/12/2020

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Factors which influenced Lewanika of the Balozi to collaborate with the British

In order to protect his Kingdom against the Germans and Portuguese
Lewanika desire western education and civilization and wanted the British to introduce it in his country
Lewanika wanted the British to protect him against his internal enemies e.g. in 1884 Lewanika forced an internal rebellion.
Lewanika was encouraged to collaborate with the British by King Khama of Botswana who has already sought British to protect his Kingdom from attacks by other African communities such as the Nebela and Shona.
Lewanika wanted the British to protect his kingdom from attacks by other African communities such as the Ndebela and Shona.
Desire to promote trade between his people and British
Lewanika was influenced by the European missionaries who had visited earlier, to collaborate.

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Factors which influenced Lewanika of the Balozi to collaborate with the British

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What factors undermined Christian missionaries activities in Kenya during the 19th century?

14/12/2020

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Factors that undermined Christian missionaries activities in Kenya during the 19th century

Hostility by believers of traditional religion who saw missionaries as a threat to their beliefs and cultural practices.
Opposition by leaders of Islamic faith and other believers whose interests were to advance their religion in the region.
Harsh tropical climate coupled with tropical diseases e.g. malaria
Inadequate funds and supplies such as food.
Inadequate personnel to carry out missionary activities
Rivalry among different Christian groups
Communication barrier/ lack of common language of communication to facilitate interaction with and conversion of Africans.
Strict Christian doctrines which were incompatible with traditional beliefs and practices.
Limited transport and communication facilities
Vastness of areas covered by individual missionaries
Hostility from African rulers who often identified missionaries with colonialism and loss of their traditional authority.

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Why are parliamentary elections held regularly in Kenya

13/12/2020

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Why are parliamentary elections held regularly in Kenya

Parliamentary elections are held regularly in order to give the citizens the opportunity to exercise their constitutional right of participating in the democratic process.
To give citizens the chance to choose leaders whom they have confidence in
To enable the people to give mandate to the party of their choice to rule.
To inject new blood into parliament and government
To enable sitting Mps to be responsive to the development needs of the electorate stipulated by the constitution.

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Why are parliamentary elections held regularly in Kenya

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Explain why some African communities resisted the establishment of British rule in Kenya.

13/12/2020

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Explain why some African communities resisted the establishment of British rule in Kenya.

Some communities had established strong social- political systems which they were not willing to allow foreigners to destroy.
Those communities which were military superior to their neighbours believed that no other race/ community could defeat them and thus resisted.
Some communities resisted because their socio- economic political set ups were strong enough to sustain resistance.
They wanted to protect their independence against foreign invaders
Some of the communities were encouraged by their religious leaders to resist. Such leaders promised their people that they would receive supernatural protection against firearms
Most communities underestimated the military strength of the British
They were against the alienation of their land
They were opposed to the payment of taxes e.g. hut tax, poll tax/ Kipande system/ lack of political representation.
They were opposed to the government policy of de-stocking
They were opposed to forced labour for European farms
Imposition of unpopular leaders by the British
Racial discrimination and organization of the British.

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Explain why some African communities resisted the establishment of British rule in Kenya

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What were the grievances of African Nationalists against the colonial government up to 1995?

13/12/2020

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Grievances of African Nationalists against the colonial government up to 1995

Land alienation
Forced labour
The Kipande system
Interference with African culture
Racial Discrimination
Poor social service
Payment of taxes
Poor wages/ working conditions
Lack of political representation
de- stocking
Harassment of colonial administrators.

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GRIEVANCES OF AFRICAN NATIONALISTS AGAINST THE COLONIAL GOVERNMENT UP TO 1995

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Why did British become interested in establishing their control over Kenya during the second half of the 19th century.

13/12/2020

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Why did British become interested in establishing their control over Kenya during the second half of the 19th century.

Britain wanted to gain access to Uganda so as to control the source of the Nile
In order to establish a market for her manufactured goods
To use Kenya as an outlet for surplus capital investment
To use Kenya as a source of raw materials for her industries
To protect European missionaries and other British nationals who were already settled in Kenya and Uganda.
To prevent Kenya from being colonized by other European powers
To stop slave trade and introduce legitimate trade.
To control fertile highlands

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Why did British become interested in establishing their control over Kenya during the second half of the 19th century

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Explain the political development which hastened the achievement of independence in Kenya between 1945 and 1963

16/11/2020

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Political development which hastened the achievement of independence in Kenya between 1945 and 1963

The return of ex- servicemen after the Second World War exposed the myth of white supremacy making Africans ready to fight them. They also acquired expertise which enabled them to organize their resistance.
Failure by the colonial government to reward the African ex- service men on return embittered them.
Change of government from conservative to labour party in Britain made her adopt sympathetic attitude towards the nationalists struggle in her colonies such as Kenya/ Lancaster House Conference.
The establishment of political parties by African nationalists e.g. KASU, KAU, Nairobi peoples Convention Party, KANU, KADU, APP enhanced mobilization of the masses against colonial rule.
The Mau Mau uprising forced the British to realize the need of granting Kenya independence.
Nomination and election of Africans to the Legco enabled them to use the House as a forum to agitate for independence.
Emergence of trade union movement which helped to mobilize workers to fight for their rights.
Pan- African movement and other global bodies helped in the establishment of Afro- Asian people solidarity organization which supported the course of Africa nationalists in Kenya.
The return of Jomo Kenyatta from UK in 1946 strengthen the nationalistic movement in Kenya
Independence of other countries e.g. Ghana and India inspired African nationalists in Kenya to fight for their independence (e.g. Nkrumah Nehru)
The formation of the UNO and the pressure exercised on the European powers to decolonize and super powers e.g. U.S.A, U.S.S.R
Role of African independent churches and schools.