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1/1/2024

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Describe the political organization of the Somali in Kenya during the Pre-colonial period

14/12/2021

Political organization of the Somali in Kenya during the Pre-colonial period

The basic political unit of the Somali was the clan. Each clan had its name and occupied specific territories / areas.
a council of elders was in charge of the day to day affairs of the clan e.g. making major clan decisions and settled disputes.
The council maintained law and order and was the final court of appeal.
The age – set system was an important institution among the Somali and all male members of the society belonged to the age – set. Each age –set performed specific roles/ duties.
The Somali had leaders called Sultan whose role was mainly advisory.
There existed warriors whose main duty was to protect the community against external attacks and acquire possessions for the community.
There existed people with special responsibility e.g. Sheikhs and medicine men. They were highly regarded in the community and their opinions were sought before important decisions were made.

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Explain five ways in which Trans Sahara Trade led to the development of kingdom in Western Sudan

11/10/2021

Explain five ways in which Trans sahara Trade led to the development of kingdom in western Sudan

The trade provided an important link between western Sudan and North Africa
It stimulated the growth of small settlement which later grew into big ancient towns
It created a new social class in western Sudan
The trade brought about islamisation of people in West Sudan
New types of goods were introduced to the people of West Sudan
They built schools and university were Arabic literature and philosophy were taught

Explain five ways in which Trans Sahara Trade led to the development of kingdom in Western Sudan

Explain how the invention of the railway speeded up industrialization in Europe.

6/10/2021

How the invention of the railway speeded up industrialization in Europe

It facilitated transportation of bulky raw materials to industries
It eased and speeded up transportation of bulky manufactured goods to market
Facilitated the transportation of fuel especially coal and firewood to industries
Provided liable and cheaper means of transport for workers to the industries
It facilitated interaction between towns and businesspeople and thus promoted investment in industries
It facilitated the migration and settlement of people to new lands, which were sources of raw materials
It opened up mining and farming in the interior of most countries
It facilitated the transport of heavy machinery for installation in industries.
Revenue from railways was used in setting up industries

What led to the failure of indirect rule in Southern Nigeria.

6/10/2021

The failure of indirect rule in southern Nigeria

Lack of centralized government
Lack of homogeneity of the Africans. i.e. southern Nigeria had many ethnic groups with diverse culture and language making it difficult to unite them under one rule
Existence of educated elites who resisted the rule
Misuse of power
Taxation and forced labour
Lugard’s attempt to appoint Igbo traditional chiefs with responsibilities like those of the Emurs in northern Nigeria was resisted
Lugards attempt to give more po3wer to the Yoruba leaders

State the methods used by the African nationalists in South Africa to fight for political Liberation.

6/10/2021

The methods used by African Nationalist to fight for political liberation in south Africa

Organized political parties eg ANC and pan- African congress to champion their grievances
Made use of trade unions to presses for better working and living conditions
They organized protest marches, defiance campaigns and demonstrations
The nationalist, would occasionally use military force
African nationalist also employed diplomacy, in an attempt to get the government’s attention and that of the international community many occasions the just regime to grant them freedom.
Nationalists who were arrested or detained often went on human strike to press the government to grant them political independence
Africa also used print media such as pamphlets and newspapers to highlight the injustice of the apartheid regime
The church leaders such as Bishop Desmond Tutu and Alan boeseak led the fight against apartheid

Explain the function of Cairo

6/10/2021

Functions of Cairo

Cultural centre
Was a historical centre including sport and sport stadium and entertainment halls
Political centre
Transport and commercial centre
Industrial centre and has many manufacturing industries
Tourist centre, attracting more than 1.5million tourists every year
Is a historical centre having housed Egyptian civilization for more than 5000 years

What problems face Nairobi as an urban centre.

6/10/2021

Problems facing Nairobi as an urban centre

Aids pandemic
Traffic jam – causes a lot of congestion in the town
High population which has led to the development of slums
Shortage of water
High crime rate e.g robbery, rape and theft
Unemployment
Pollution due to many industries
Suffer inadequate social services like health and educational facilities to the growing population
Poor town planning has led to problem of drainage especially during heavy rains
Has experienced a high number of street families

Describe the impact of Agrarian Revolution in Britain.

6/10/2021

Impact of Agrarian Revolution in Britain

Led to better methods of farming and hence intensifying good production
It led to increased population due to increased food production
Large variety of crops such as clovers, potatoes, beans, maize and citrus fruits were produced
New animal breeds such as the Friesian cows as well as Leicester and Suffolk sheep were reared
The farmer abandoned subsistence farming and started large scale farming
Contributed to the industrial revolution by providing the raw materials required in the agro – based industries
Development of agriculture also stimulated the expansion of the transport network

Describe the contribution of Nelson Mandela in the struggle for independence in South Africa.

6/10/2021

The contribution of Nelson Mandela in the struggle for independence in South Africa

Was the founder of ANC youth league
Was a member of ANC and used force to achieve independence
Participated in the pan- African congress
Was elected deputy president general of ANC
Used his experience as a lawyer to defend many Africans who got in trouble
Was among the nationalists who formulated the freedom charter which declared that South Africa belong to all races in the country
In 1960, formed UMkhonto Wesizwe (spear of the Nation) to fight for African independence
Travelled outside south Africa to solicit support from the other countries
Was jailed for life due to his alleged subversive activities. He was released in 1990 by Frederik de Klerk
In 1994, made history when he was elected first president for democratic south Africa

How did the Cold war affect Africa?

6/10/2021

How the cold war affected Africa

Gave financial aid
Gave moral aid
Military support

Advantages of oral tradition as a source of history

5/10/2021

Cheaper compared to other source of information of history
Complement other sources of history
Quickest
Accessible anywhere / any time

Give two main economic activities of Homo erectus.

5/10/2021

The main source of energy during the early period of industrial Revolution

Coal

Identify the Political party that took Mozambique to independence.

5/10/2021

The political party that took Mozambique to independence

FRELIMO
(Liberation Front of Mozambique), is the dominant political party in Mozambique. Founded in 1962, FRELIMO began as a nationalist movement fighting for the self-determination and independence of Mozambique from Portuguese colonial rule.

State two methods used by the French in administration of their colonies.

5/10/2021

The two methods used by the French in administration of their colonies

Assimilation
Association

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