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1/1/2024

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Why did Industrial revolution first take place in britain

21/9/2022

Explain six reasons why industrial revolution began in Britain. (12 mks)

Availability of capital to set up factories and expand the industries
Availability of banking and insurance which supported industrial growth
Availability of variety of raw materials to use in industries
Availability of best navy who protected their merchants
Availability of good means of transport and communication.
Availability of both skilled and unskilled labor who worked on their industries
Availability of cottage industries which provided the needed experience
Political stability which encouraged investors in Britain
Availability of ready market at home and abroad.

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Give one symbol of unity among the Shona during the pre-colonial period.

10/9/2022

Give one symbol of unity among the Shona during the pre-colonial period.

The religion/Mwari cult/Mlimo cult
The Royal Fire.
The King/Mutapa/Emperor/Mwene Mutapa

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Give two functions of the council of elders among the Akamba during the pre –colonial period.

25/5/2022

Functions of the council of elders among the Akamba during the pre–colonial period

They had powers to declare war and make peace/prepared youth for war
They presided over religious and other ritual functions

They offered advice to the community when need arose
They ruled the community / settle disputes

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State three problems that were faced by early political organizations.

21/4/2022

State three problems that were faced by early political organizations.

Members were harassed by the colonial government
Many leaders had little experience of running political parties
They had no enough funds for running political affairs
There was a lot of disunity since the majority parties were ethnic based
There were political wrangles between the party members

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State the main reason why African resistance was defeated in Kenya during the colonial period.

21/4/2022

Reason why African resistance was defeated in Kenya during the colonial period.

British force/ troops had superior weapons

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State five common grievances of the political organization in Kenya up to 1939

21/4/2022

STATE FIVE COMMON GRIEVANCES OF THE POLITICAL ORGANIZATION IN KENYA UP TO 1939

Common grievances of the political organization in Kenya up to 1939 are:

Land alienation
Forced labour
Taxation
The Kippande sytem
Better wages for Africans
Quality education and better working conditions for Africans

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Explain six powers and functions of the president in Kenya

20/4/2022

powers and functions of the president in Kenya

As head of state s/he represents the people of Kenya locally and internationally.
The president has appointive role: deputy president in addition nominates senior officers such as cabinet secretaries. Attorney General, Director of Public prosecution, the secretary of the cabinet, principal secretaries, high commissioners ambassadors with the approval of the National assembly.
The president addresses the opening of each newly elected parliament and also addresses special sittings of the parliament
The president chairs cabinet meetings
President is the commander-in-chief of the Kenya Defence forces
The president may exercise power of mercy with the advice of advisory committee
The president may also confer honours to people
The president presides over national holidays

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Three conditions one must fulfill to be declared as a winner in the presidential election in Kenya

20/4/2022

conditions one must fulfill to be declared as a winner in the presidential election in Kenya

50% plus one vote on top of 25% of votes in 24 countries
Simple majority in case of re- run / round two of elections
No election petition after elections

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Describe the key stages in the constitution making process in Kenya

20/4/2022

key stages in the constitution making process in Kenya

Debating over contentious issues
Collection of public views
Civic education
Convening of constitutional conferences
Drafting of the constitution
Referendum
Enacting of the constitution
Promulgation of the constitution

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Give three functions of a constitution

20/4/2022

functions of a constitution

Protects rights and fundamental freedoms of a citizen and define their responsibilities
It is the basis upon which the government is established
Defines the relationship between the governor and the governed
Spells out the legal framework from which the law the country is made
Promote national unity

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Importance of national integration in Kenya

20/4/2022

Importance of national integration in Kenya

Enhances national development
Promotes development of national unity
Promotes peaceful co-existence
Gives the county a sense of National direction
Reduces fees and pour struggle which can lead to uses.
Promotes collective responsibility during time of need eg famine

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Explain six political challenges that have faced post-independent Kenya

20/4/2022

political challenges that have faced post-independent Kenya

One party dictatorship introduced in 1982.
Multipartism which was introduced in 1992.
Political assassinations of Pio Gama Pintoo, JM Kariuki, Tom Mboya, Robert Ouko etc
Ethnic clashes
Post election violence of 2007.
Political detention and torture.
Attempted military coup of 1982.
Gender inequality in leadership
Age / Generation struggle for leadership.
Border conflicts from neighbouring countries e.g. Uganda.
Formation of militia groups eg Shifta and Al-Shabaab
Leadership wrangles / ideological differences.
Manipulation of the constitution by the members of parliament.

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Identify three types of landholdings in Kenya

20/4/2022

types of landholdings in Kenya

Public land
Community land
Private land

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Explain six results of the Nandi resistance against British occupation

20/4/2022

results of the Nandi resistance against British occupation

The land belonging to the Nandi was alienated for white settlement.
The Nandi lost their independence as the British established their rule.
The Nandi were resettled in reserves where they could not carry out their farming activities.
They were forced to live as squatters on European farms where they provided cheap labour.
There was massive loss of life as the British forces raided/carried our punitive expeditions.
The Nandi lost property which was either destroyed or confiscated by the British.
The Nandi lost their military superiority in the region as they were subdue by the British.
The Nandi warriors were conscripted into the colonial security forces.

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Explain six factors that facilitated missionary activities in Kenya in the 19th century

20/4/2022

factors that facilitated missionary activities in Kenya in the 19th century

Support given to the early missionaries by Seyyid Said.
Lack of a dominant religion in the interior as Islam was only practiced at the Coast.
African converts helped in the spread of Christianity and taught the missionaries local languages.
Translation of the Bible into local languages.
Use of Kiswahili by the missionaries and the local inhabitants helped overcome language barriers.
Discovery of Quinine encouraged more missionaries to come to Kenya.
Establishment of colonial government ensured protection of the missionaries.
The building of the Kenya/Uganda railway enabled missionaries to move into the interior.

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State three functions of mission stations in Kenya in the 19th Century

20/4/2022

functions of mission stations in Kenya in the 19th Century

They acted as centres of evangelism/churches.
They acted as homes/residential centres of the Missionaries.
They were Centres of imparting Western Education/ schools.
They served as hospitals.
They served as homes for the freed slaves.
Accommodation centres for the rejected African converts.

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Effects of migration and settlement of river lake Nilotes in Kenya upto 19th

20/4/2022

Effects of migration and settlement of river lake Nilotes in Kenya upto 19th

Intermarriage with neighbors
Assimilation between them and the Luhyia,Nandi,Kisii and Abasuba
Increase in the population in the region where they settled
Trading activities increased between them and their neighbours
Adoption of agriculture alongside pastroralism
They displaced the western banks and the maasi and the Nandi
Wars/conflicts between the Luos and their neighbours leading deaths and destruction of property

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STATE Three examples of western Bantus

20/4/2022

EXAMPLES OF WESTERN BANTUS

Abaluhyia
Abagusii
Abakuria
Abasuba

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Give one challenge facing the health sector in Kenya today

20/4/2022

challengeS facing the health sector in Kenya today

Due to the rising population the government ability to provide medical amenities has been stretched
The structural adjustment programmers (SAPs) imposed on developing countries by donor nations like cost sharing has prevented people form going to hospitals
The spread of HIV/AIDS and other diseases
Some cultural practices e.g. female genital mutilation
Poverty and malnutrition render people vulnerable to diseases
Illegal abortions and pregnancies endanger lives of mothers
High rate of accidents and injuries especially on roads) Give two recommendations by the presidential working party on the second university In 1982
Establish the 8-4-4 system of education in Kenya
The vocational subjects such as art and craft, music, agriculture, home science to be given emphasis in the curriculum

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Name one organ of the County Government

20/4/2022

organS of the County Government

The County Executive Committee.
The County Assembly.

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Identify one way in which the government promotes Kenyan culture

20/4/2022

wayS in which the government promotes Kenyan culture

Creation of Ministry of Sports, Culture and Gender.
Sponsoring annual Music and Drama Festivals in schools and colleges.
Establishment of Kenya National Theatre, Bomas of Kenya.
Licensing of Art Galleries.
Incorporation of oral literature in the education curriculum.
Encouraging communities to participate in cultural activities e.g. Bull-fighting.
Sponsoring cultural exchange programmes

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State one source of the Nyayo Philosophy

20/4/2022

source of the Nyayo Philosophy

The Biblical teachings of the Ten Commandments.
Sessional Paper No.10 of 1965.
Moi’s long political career.

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State two terms of the Anglo-German Agreement of 1886.

20/4/2022

terms of the Anglo-German Agreement of 1886.

The Sultan of Zanzibar was given 16 km Coastal strip and the islands of Pate, Mafia, Lamu etc.
The Coastline of Witu and the area between R. Umba and R. Ruvuma became German sphere of influence.
The territory between R. Umba and R. Juba became the British sphere of influence.

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Identify two characteristics of a written constitution

20/4/2022

Identify two characteristics of a written constitution

Provides a clear guideline in case of crisis/transition.
It is rigid and cannot easily be manipulated.
It is ideal for a newly formed state.
It preserves the identity of diverse ethnic and racial groups.
Promotes unity since it is arrived at after thorough consideration by all/A product of consensus.
Procedures for its amendments are clearly spelt out.
A special body entrusted with drafting the constitution/must get the approval of the legislature.

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