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1. 1989 Q2 P1
State one structural and one functional difference between motor and sensory neurons. 2. 1990 Q15 P1 (a) How are the structures of the human eye adapted to their function?
1. 1989 Q6 P1
The diagram below represents a mammalian bone 
(a) State the functions labelled K and L
(b) State the region of the body in which the bone is found 2. 1991 Q1 P1 State two ways in which skeletal muscle fibers are adapted to their functions 3. 1991 Q5 P1 The diagram below shows the arrangement of bones and muscles in a human arm CLASSIFICATION 1. 1995 Q3 P1 State two ways in which some fungi are harmful to man (2 marks) 2. 1995 Q6 P1 The diagram below represents a fern
Name (a) The parts labelled A and B ( 2 marks) (b) The division to which the plant belongs ( 1 mark) CELL PHYSIOLOGY1. 1989 Q14 P1The table below shows the concentration of some ions in pond water and in the cell sap of an aquatic plant growing in the pond.
(i) Sodium ions (ii) Potassium ions (b) For each processes named in (a) (i) and (ii) above, state one condition necessary for the process to take place. NUTRITION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
The diagram below shows chemical reactions I, and II which are controlled by enzymes respectively.
1. 1989 Q1 P1
Name reaction II and enzyme B
Introduction to Biology
1. 1995 Q 1 P1
Motor vehicles move, use energy and produce carbon dioxide and water. Similar characteristics occur in living organisms yet motor vehicles are not classified as living. List the other characteristics of living things that do NOT occur in motor vehicles.
Gaseous Exchange Questions and Answers1. 1992 Q11 P1 The diagram below represents an organ from a bony fish. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow (a) Identify the organ and the parts labelled M, N, and P
M________________ N________________ P________________ (b) How the structures are labelled P adapted to their function? 2. 1994 Q14 P1 What are the characteristics do gills of a fish and the mouth cavity of a frog have in common that enables them to be efficient in gaseous exchange? 3. 1996 Q14 P1 (a) Describe the path taken by carbon dioxide released from the tissue of an insect to the atmosphere (3 marks) (b) Name two structures used for gaseous exchange in plants (2 marks) 4. 1998 Q4 P1 Why are gills in fish highly vascularised? 5. 1999 Q5 P1 Suggest three reasons why green plants are included in a fish aquarium. 6. 1999 Q16 P1 Describe the: a) Process of inhalation in mammals. b) Mechanisms of opening and closing of stomata in plants. 7. 2000 Q11c P1 State two ways in which the leaf is suited to gaseous exchange 8. 2001 Q10 P1 Name three sites where gaseous exchange takes place in terrestrial plants. 9. 2002 Q9 P1 Name two gaseous exchange structures in higher plants. 10. 2003 Q13 P1 The diagram below shows gaseous exchange in tissues.
a) Name the gas that diffuses: i) To the body cells ii) From the body cells b) Which compound dissociates to release the gas named in (a) (i) above? c) i) What is tissue fluid? ii) What is the importance of tissue fluid?
Pesticides may kill soil micro-organisms that decompose humus to release mineral salts. In this way they interfere with nutrient cycling. 
Overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides have effects on the soil organisms that are similar to human overuse of antibiotics. Indiscriminate use of chemicals might work for a few years, but after awhile, there aren't enough beneficial soil organisms to hold onto the nutrients” (Savonen, 1997).
1. 1989 Q4 P1
State how excessive use of pesticides may affect soil fertility 2. 1989 Q8 P1 The table below shows a list of five human diseases. Complete the table by naming the causative agent of each. The first one has been completed for you. 
Human Diseases
Biology Topical Questions
EVOLUTION
1. 1989 Q7 P1 State the difference between Lamarckian and Darwinian theories of evolution. 2. 1991 Q17 P1 (a) What is meant by natural selection (b) Describe the natural selection brings about adaptation of a species to its Environment 3. 1992 Q5 P1 Two populations of the same species of birds were separated over a long period of time by an ocean. Both populations initially fed on insects only. Later it was observed that one population fed entirely on fruits and seeds, although insects were available. K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2019PP2QN08
Explain the effect of increased physical activity on the following organ systems:
(a) heart (b) lungs (c) kidneys (d) skin. 
answers
​(a) Heart
-Increased heart beat/ rate/cardiac frequency; increase blood pressure; pumping more blood to the muscles/Peripheral blood vessels; at a faster rates; supplying oxygen; Nutrients; for continued oxidation/respiration; to yield energy needed to sustain the (vigorous) contraction/relaxation of muscles during the physical activity; carbon (iv) oxide /Lactic acid/other Nitrogenous wastes/Metabolic wastes produced during the process are also eliminated/ transported to the relevant excretory organs for elimination; the wastes ,if left to accumulate Can also intoxicate/poison cells/cause muscle cramps/pain/fatigue; (b) Lungs -Panting /increased breathing rates; cause the lungs to expand/increase in volume to take in more air/oxygen; and deflate to expel more carbon (iv) oxide; more oxygen is taken in (during exercise) to sustain the process of muscle respiration/to produce the required energy (for constant muscle contraction and relaxation);
Kidneys also maintain the blood plasma pH; and osmotic balance; by elimination excess hydrogen ions(H+) that accumulate to production of Lactic acid/CO2 during the exercise; To maintain the osmotic balance kidneys conserve sodium ions (Na+); and reabsorb water (in the kidney tubules); Leading to reduction in the volume of urine produced; During exercise the kidney tend to filter out urine releasing more in the urine; (d) Skin - Due to increased muscle activity during physical exercise are sweats(more); Eliminating Nitrogenous wastes/ excess water; through the skin/sweat pores) cooling the body; After (water in) sweat evaporates the increased internal body temperature also leads to dilation of superficial blood vessels (vasodilation)/ blood flowing near the skin; leading to loss of excess heat (to the atmosphere) by radiation/ convection; the hair on the skin surface also lie Flat to allow for loss of heat( to the environment) by radiation/convection; K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2019PP2QN07
Giving examples, describe the following interactions among organisms:
(a) predator-prey (b) symbiosis (c) parasitism.
answers
​.(a) Predator-Prey
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