GEOGRAPHY TOPICAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS - ATIKA SCHOOL

The diagram below represents the internal structure of the earth. Use it to answer question(a)

28/2/2021

KCSE Geography Paper 1 2002 Section B Question 9.

The diagram below represents the internal structure of the earth. Use it to answer question(a)

The diagram below represents the internal structure of the earth. Use it to answer question(a)

(a) Name the part marked U and V.

U – mohorovicic discontinuity / moho discontinuity
V – The mantle / asthenosphere

(b) Describe the deposition of:
i. The crust
ii. The core

The crust

It is made up of solid rocks.
It is divided into two layers / the sial / continental crust and sima / oceanic crust.
The sial is rich in silica and aluminium.
The sima is rich in silica and magnesium
The sima is made up of dense rocks /2.8 – 3.0 gm/cc
The sial is made up of lighter rocks / 2.7 / it floats on sima
The dial is made up of sedimentary / metamorphic rocks
The sial rocks are made of rigid / brittle rocks.

ii) The core.

It’s composed of two parts.
The main minerals of the outer core are iron and nickel
The main mineral of the inner core is iron
The inner core has higher density than outer core/ 16/17gm/cc
The outer core is melted

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Name two scales used to measure the intensity of an earthquake

19/2/2021

KCSE Geography Paper 1 2006 Section A Question 4.

(a) Name two scales used to measure the intensity of an earthquake

The Rossi – forrel scale
The Mercelli scale

(b) Give three causes of earthquakes

Gravitative pressure
Collision of tectonic plates
Energy release in the mantle
Isostatic adjacent
Violent Volcanic eruptions
Nuclear explosions
Adjucent along fault lines
Building reservoirs
Magma movement within the crust

(a) Name two scales used to measure the intensity of an earthquake (b) Give three causes of earthquakes

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Give three causes of earthquakes.

11/2/2021

KCSE Geography Paper 1 2010 Section A Question 3.

(a) Give three causes of earthquakes.

gravitative pressure
Divergence/ convergence/collision/shearing of tectonic plate boundaries
movement of magma within the ,earth’s crust/volcanic eruption
folding/faulting
isostatic adjustment
blasting of rocks /bomb explosions/construction of large reservoirs
energy release within the mantle

(b) Name two major earthquake zones of the world.

The Circum — Pacific belt
the Tethyan/Mediterranean belt
the Great Rift Valley belt
Mid-Atlantic Ocean belt

(a) Give three causes of earthquakes. (b) Name two major earthquake zones of the world.

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What is volcanicity?

4/2/2021

KCSE Geography Paper 1 2013 Section B Question 8.

(a) What is volcanicity?

It is the process through which gaseous / liquid / molten rock / solid materials are forced into the earth’s crust and / ejected onto the surface.

(b) (i) Apart from a sill, name three other intrusive volcanic features.

Dykes/dikes
Laccolith/laccolites
Batholith/bathyliths
Lopolith
Phacolith/phacolite

(ii) Describe how the following features are formed:
I a sill;
II hot springs;
III a caldera.

(ii) Describe how the following features are formed: I a sill; II hot springs; III a caldera.

I a sill;

Below the earth’s crust the rocks are at very high temperature and high pressure. If the pressure becomes less, the hot, solid rock material may become semi-fluid / Magma under high pressure enters crustal rocks.
The semi-fluid rock / magma forces itself into horizontal cracks/fissures.
The magma cools and solidities in horizontal cracks or bedding plane.
This horizontal sheet/layer of igneous rock is called a sill.

II hot springs;

Rainwater enters the crustal rocks through cracks / fissures.
The water reaches a zone of hot igneous rocks.
The water is (super) heated.
The super heated water changes into water vapour.
The vapour is under high pressure and so forces its way up heating the ground water.
The heated water under pressure flows out continuously/to form hot springs.

III A caldera.

Lava pouring out of a central vent forms a volcanic cone.
The vent may be sealed when lava solidifies in it.
The solidified plug block the gases and steam beneath from escaping.
There is pilling up of pressure below the plug.
The pressure leads to a violent eruption that blows off the top of the cone forming a depression.
The resulting large circular depression on the top of the (now lower) volcano is called caldera.

OR
A subsidence caldera

Lava pouring out of a central vent forms a volcanic cone.
The magma resevoir below the crust is left empty/has a void/cavity.
With time the weight of rocks of the volcano exerts pressure on the crustal rocks below.
The pressure/earth movements cause cracks to develop making the volcano unstable.
Over time the middle portion of the volcano subsides/collapses into the void forming a depression.
The resulting large circular depression on the top of the (now lower) volcano is called caldera.

OR
Outward collapsing

Volcanic eruption of ash and cinder/pyroclasts through a central vent forms a volcanic cone.
Several eruptions results to a high, steep and unstable volcano.
The weight of the upper materials exerts pressure on the ones beneath causing instability on the lower part.
The material at the base begin spreading outwards.
The top of the volcano collapses inwards forming a depression.
The resulting large circular depression on the top of the volcano is called caldera.

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What is an earthquake?

1/2/2021

KCSE Geography Paper 1 2015 Section A Question 4.

(a) What is an earthquake?

It is sudden earth movement that causes vibrations within the earth’s crust.

(b) Identify the scale used to measure:
(i) the intensity of earthquakes;
(ii) the magnitude of earthquakes.

(i) The intensity of earthquakes- Mercalli scale.
(ii) The magnitude of earthquakes - The Ritcher scale.

(a) What is an earthquake? (b) Identify the scale used to measure: (i) the intensity of earthquakes; (ii) the magnitude of earthquakes.

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Identify the two types of earthquake waves.

27/1/2021

KCSE Geography Paper 1 2018 Section B Question 8.

(a) (i) Identify the two types of earthquake waves.

Body waves/primary/secondary
Surface waves/love/Rayleigh

(ii) Describe the two ways through which the strength of an earthquake is measured.

The strength of an earthquake is measured by its intensity.
Intensity measures how strong and hard the earthquake shakes the ground.
It is measured on Mercalli scale.
The strength of an earthquake is measured by its magnitude.
Magnitude measures the amount of energy released by an earthquake.
It is measured on Richter scale correct method
Description
Identification of scale

(a) (i) Identify the two types of earthquake waves. (ii) Describe the two ways through which the strength of an earthquake is measured. (b) (i) Explain how vulcanicity causes earthquakes. (ii) Name three major earthquake zones of the world. (c) Explain four effects of earthquakes on the human environment.

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