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GEOGRAPHY TOPICAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

TERM ONE 2021 CaSPA AMUKURA PARISH EXAM GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 FORM 4 2021 QUESTION PAPER AND MARKING SCHEME

6/8/2022

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​SECTION A
Answer all questions in this section.
1. a) Explain the origin of the earth and the solar system according to the Nebula cloud theory.
(4mks)
b) Name two other theories that explain the origin of the earth and the solar system apart from the Nebula cloud theory. (2mks)

2. a) List two zones of transition in the atmosphere. (2mks)
b) Give three evidences that the interior of the earth is hotter. (3mks)

3. a) Define the following terms.
i) River divide (1mk)
ii) A confluence (1mk)
iii) A river profile (1mk)
b) List three factors that influence the formation of a river. (3mks)

4. How is an oasis formed? (4mks)

5. List four characteristics of Mediterranean climate. (4mks)

SECTION B: Answer questions six and any other two questions.
6. (a) Study the map of Kijabe 1: 50,000 sheet 134/3 provided and answer the following questions
             (i) Give the approximate height of peak of Kijabe hill.                (1mk)
(ii) Measure the length of the Naivasha –Nairobi railway line from landhies (Grid ref 257987) to    
            the level crossing near Kijabe station (grid reference 308984). Give your answer in kilometers and     
            Meters.)                                                                                                   (2mks)
(iii) Name the relief feature on the map that may have created problems during the construction of     
            the railway line.                                                    (1mk)

(b) Describe the drainage of the area covered by the map extract.   (5mks)
           (c) Explain how relief has influenced the distribution of settlement in the area covered by the 
map extract.   (4mks)
         (d) Citing evidence from the map, state four economic activities carried out in the area 
  
      covered by the map extract.             ( 4 mks)
            (e) Suppose you were to carry out a field study at Wakangwe forest:
            (i) Design a working schedule that you would use during the day of the study.             (5mks)
(ii) Give reasons why it would be necessary to sample part of the forest for the study.       (2mks)                                                          
(iii) State two ways in which your findings would be useful to the local community.         (2mks)

7. a) i) What is faulting?                (1mk)
ii) With the use of a well labeled diagram explain how a reverse fault occurs.   (5mks)
iii) State two other types of faults apart from reverse faults.   (2mks)
b) Describe how a rift valley forms through tensional forces.   (4mks)
c) Explain three ways in which features resulting from faulting are of economic importance to man. (6mks)
d) You intend to carry out a field study of the landforms around your school.
i) State two hypotheses you are likely to formulate for the study. (2mks)
ii) Apart from dividing your class into groups, in what three other ways will you 
prepare for the study.                                                                           (3mks)
ii) In what two ways is dividing the class into groups important? (2mks)

8. a) i) Differentiate between intrazonal and azonal soils. (2mks)
ii) Give three examples of a zonal soils (3mks)
b) i) Explain four factors that influence soil formation. (8mks)
ii) Give two factors that determine the colour of soil (2mks)
c) i) What is soil erosion. (2mks)
ii) Explain four ways in which vegetation prevents soil erosion. (8mks)

9 a) i) Name a country in Africa where temperate grassland is found. (1mk)
ii) State four characteristics of temperate grasslands. (4mks)
b)        i) Explain four ways trees in the coniferous forests have adapted to the 
environmental conditions of the region.                                                (8mks)
c) You are required to carry a field study on a forest near your school. Describe the methods 
you would use to determine each of the following aspects of the trees in the forest.
i) Age of the trees. (3mks)
ii) Height of the trees. (3mks)

iii) Tree species (3mks)


10. The figure below shows underground zones of saturation.  Use it to answer question a (i)
Picture
a) i) Identify the zones marked a, b, and c. (3mks)
ii) Name four sources of groundwater. (4mks)
b) Explain four ways in which groundwater is of significance to human activities. (8mks)

c) i) Give two examples of lakes in East Africa that have formed due to crustal 
warping. (2mks)
ii) Describe how the process of crustal warping leads to formation of lakes. (5mks)
iii) State three other processes that lead to formation of lakes apart from crustal 
warping.
​

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A
1. a) Origin of the solar system and the earth according to the Nebular Cloud Theory
- There existed a big cloud ✓ (Nebular of hot gases and dust)
- This cloud which was rotating at a very high speed ✓ flattened into a disk due to centrifugal force.✓
- Very hot materials concentrated at the centre✓ of the rotating cloud and led to the formation of the sun
- Some masses of gases and dust were thrown off as ✓ the cloud continued to rotate 
- The particles consolidated, cooled and contracted to form planets✓ 1 x 4 = 4mks
b) Other theories
- The twin star theory/ big bang✓
- The passing star theory✓
- Biblical/ creation theory✓                                                                      1 x 2 = 2mks

2. a) Transitional zones of the atmosphere
- Tropopouse
- Stratopause✓
- Mesopause✓ 1 x 2 = 2mks
b) Evidences that the interior of the earth is hotter 
- During volcanic eruptions hot material (magma) are ejected onto the surface✓
- Occurrence of hot springs on the ground✓
- Progressive increasing heat experienced as mines and borings get deeper✓
- The molten state of rocks in the mantle✓
1 x 3 = 3mks
3. a) Defining
(i) River divide – It is a ridge line/ hill ground that separates two or more river basins✓
(ii) A confluence – The point at which a tributary joins the main river✓
(iii) A river profile – This is the longitudinal cross section of a river from the source to the mouth.✓
1 x 3 = 3mks
b) Factors that influence the formation of a river
- Vegetation cover✓
- Climate✓
- Nature of rocks✓
- The degree of slope✓
- Land use systems e.g. irrigation✓
1 x 3 = 3mks
4. How an oasis forms
- A pre-existing depression is deepened by eddy action/ deflation✓
- Gradually the depression is excavated through wind abrasions✓
- The surface is lowered until it reaches the water bearing rock/ aquifer / table
- Water oozes out of the ground and collects in the depression to form an oasis✓
1 x 4 = 4mks
5. Characteristics of mediterranean  climate
- Summers are hot with temperatures of about 210C✓
- Winters are mild/ cold with temperatures of about 110C✓
- Mean annual rainfall moderate varies between 500 – 900 mm with most of it falling in winter✓
- The region mainly experiences cyclonic rainfall✓
- Trade winds are offshore in summer and onshore westerlies dominate in winter✓
- Hot and cold local winds are common✓
1 x 4 = 4mks
Total = 25 marks

SECTION B
6. (a) Study the map of Kijabe 1: 50,000 sheet 134/3 provided and answer the following questions
             (i) Give the approximate height of peak of Kijabe hill.                (1mk)
● 2260m- less than 2280m.
(ii) Measure the length of the Naivasha –Nairobi railway line from landhies (Grid ref 257987) to the level crossing near Kijabe station (grid reference 308984). Give your answer in kilometers and   Meters.)                                                                                      (2mks)
● 5 kilometres 600metres. (5.6km is wrong for the requirement of the question.)

(iii) Name the relief feature on the map that may have created problems during the construction of the railway line.                                                    (1mk)
● Hill

(b) Describe the drainage of the area covered by the map extract.   (5mks)
● The main drainage feature are rivers.
● The main river is R.Ewaso Kedong.
● The area has disappearing rivers.
● The area has radial drainage pattern.
● Most rivers display dendritic drainage pattern
● The area has a water trough.
● The area has water holes.                                                  (5*1mk)
(Student scores without giving the reference on the map-the question has not asked “giving evidence from the map”)
           (c) Explain how relief has influenced the distribution of settlement in the area covered by the 
map extract.   (4mks)
● Steep slopes have few settlements to the north west/around Kijabe hill.
● Gentler slopes have attracted higher settlements e.g. around Magina.(Any 2*2mks)
         (d) Citing evidence from the map, state four economic activities carried out in the area 
      covered by the map extract.             ( 4 mks)
● Trade-Presence of shops
● Livestock rearing-Presence of cattle dips/dairy(This is one  marking point)
● Tourism-Presence of hot springs.
● Transport-Presence of roads.
● Lumbering-Presence of a sawmill.
● Manufacturing-Presence of carbacid plant.
● Quarrying-Presence of a quarry.

            (e) Suppose you were to carry out a field study at Wakangwe forest:
            (i) Design a working schedule that you would use during the day of the study.             (5mks)
​
Picture
​(ii) Give reasons why it would be necessary to sample part of the forest for the study. (2mks)    
● To save time by reducing the area to be covered.
● To reduce fatigue for the participants by reducing area to be covered by individuals.
● To ensure thorough scrutiny of the sampled area.
                                                      
(iii) State two ways in which your findings would be useful to the local community.     (2mks)
● Will form basis for future research.
● Will reveal the importance of forests to the general community hence forest conservation.

7. a) (i) What is faulting
- It is the fracturing/ cracking of crustal rocks ✓1
    (ii) Formation of reverse fault
- Formed when crustal rocks are exposed to compressional forces✓
- A reverse fault develops ✓
- Continued pushing of compressional forces lead tone block being pushed over the other to form a reverse fault ✓
Picture
​  (iii) Other types of faults
- Normal faults✓
- Shear/ tear/ slip/ strike slip/ wrench/ trancurrent✓
- Thrust fault/ over throw✓
- Anticlinal faults✓ 1 x 2 = 2mks
b) How a rift valley forms through tensional forces
- Layers of rocks in a region are subjected to tensional forces✓
- Lines of weakness develop, resulting in the development of normal faults✓
- As the forces pull the side blocks away, the middle block sinks✓
- The block that has sunk forms the floor of the rift valley ✓ 1 x 4 = 4mks
c) Economic importance of features formed through faulting
- Block/ horst mountains are a source of rivers which provide water for HEP production e.t.c✓✓
- Rift valley formation has led to the exposure of minerals e.g. diatomite which are mined on the rift valley floor✓✓
- Rift valley lakes formed through faulting are important fishing grounds ✓✓
- Faulted features provide scenery which promote tourist industry✓✓
- Block mountains attract rainfall which favour agriculture/ settlement✓✓
2 x 3 = 6mks
d) (i) Hypotheses
- Most landforms near my school have resulted from faulting✓
- Presence of block mountains around my school has influenced tourism✓
- Mountains are the dominant landforms around my school✓ Any relevant points 1 x 2 = 2mks
    (ii) Other ways of preparing for the study
- Seeking permission from relevant authorities✓
- Conducting a pre-visit/ reconnaissance✓
- Preparing a questionnaire✓
- Holding discussions in class✓
- Preparing a working schedule✓
- Reading through relevant books✓
- Gathering the required tools✓ 1 x 3 = 3mks
     (iii) Importance of dividing into groups
- It eases congestion/ overcrowding in areas they have to visit✓
- It helps in ensuring that required data is collected within the time frame given✓
- It creates order when carrying out the field study✓
- Ensures that everybody is involved in the study✓ 1 x 2 = 2mks
Total = 25 marks

8. a) (i) Difference between intrazonal and azonal soils
- Intrazonal soils are those soils that are formed under poor drainage conditions e.g. water logged areas whereas azonal soils are those soils that have not had adequate time to develop. They are thus immature soils.✓✓
The difference must come out clearly to score
   (ii) Examples of azonal soils
- Mountain/ scree soils✓
- Alluvial soils✓
- Glacial soils✓
- Loess✓
- Volcanic soils recently formed✓
b) (i) Factors that influence soil formation
- Parent rock✓F 
Nature of the rock influences the rate of weathering ✓EX hard rocks weather slowly while soft rocks weather fast
The rock determines the soil texture e.g. large grained rocks produce large grained soils
- Living organisms✓F
They assist in the breaking down of rocks through burrowing ✓EX
The roots of bigger plants break up the soil as they grow and allow water to pass through
- Topography✓
It determines the rate of weathering e.g. steep slopes encourages high rate of weathering✓EX
It influences soil depth e.g. gentle slopes have deep soils while steep slopes have thin soils
It influences soil drainage e.g. where land is flat soils are poorly drained
- Climate✓F
Affects the rate and type of weathering that takes place ✓EX
Determines the rate of leaching
Elements of climate i.e. Temperature accelerates weathering leading to soil formation
- Time✓F
For soil to reach maturity, time is required✓EX
F = max 04 EX = max 04 Total = 8mks
      (ii) Type of parent material✓
            Chemical composition of the soil✓
Drainage of the area✓
c) (i) What is soil erosion
         The process by which the top soil is removed/ detached and carried away ✓✓ by various agents at a rate that is faster than it is being replaced by the soil forming processes
    (ii) Way vegetation prevents soil erosion
- The leaf cover helps to reduce the force of raindrops which would otherwise loosen and remove soil particles if the force is not checked✓✓
- The rate of infiltration of rainwater into the soil is increased by vegetation cover thus reducing surface run off ✓✓
- Plant cover breaks the force of wind at the ground level and reduces the transportation of soil particles/ reduces the evaporation which would dry and loosen the soil✓
- Decayed vegetation matter provides humus which binds the soil particles together✓ 2 x 5 = 10mks
Total = 25 marks

9. a) (i) A country in Africa where temperate grassland is found
- South Africa✓1
    (ii) 4 characteristics of temperate grasslands 
- Treeless except along water courses ✓
- Grass is short and tough in the drier areas✓
- Grass is tall in the moist areas✓
- Grass withers in Autumn and dies in Winter✓
- Grass sprout in springs✓
- Grass is nutritious✓
1 x 4 = 4mks
b) (i) Ways in which trees in the coniferous forests have adapted to the environmental conditions
- The trees have a conical shape and flexible branches to allow snow to slide off easily thus minimizing damage to the trees✓✓
- Most trees are evergreen so as to have maximum utilization of sunlight during the short drowing season ✓✓
- Needle like leaves help to reduce the loss of water from the trees in winter when there is no moisture to be absorbed from the soil✓✓
- The tree trunks are flexible to enable them sway without breaking during the strong winter winds.✓✓
- The leaves have a tough waxy skin which protects them from the winter cold✓✓
- The trees have a widely spread root system for utilizing moisture from the top soil since most of the time the subsoil is frozen✓✓
2 x 4 = 8mks
   (ii) Factors that determine zoning of mountain vegetation
- Altitude✓
- Aspect✓
- Slope✓
- Temperature✓
- Moisture availability✓
1 x 3 = 3mks
c) (i) Methods likely to be used in determining:
I. Age of trees
- Asking the local people / forest officer / when the trees may have been planted✓
- Observing the rings on the tree stump and counting them to find out the age of the trees✓
- By estimating the age of trees
- Refering to available records to know when the trees were planted
1 x 3 = 3mks
II. Height of trees
- By estimating the height ✓
- By measuring the exact height of samples of trees and generalising✓
- Calculate using the ratio of height of near short object in relation to height of its, relate to the shadow of the tree in relation to its height.
1 x 3 = 3mks
III. Tree species
- By walking through the forest observing and noting the various species ✓
- By interviewing the local people / forester✓
- By reading through available records✓ 1 x 3 = 3mks
Total = 25 marks

10. a) (i) The zones marked
a – zone of permanent saturation/ phreatic zone✓
b – zone of intermittent saturation✓
c – zone of non – saturation ✓ 1 x 3 = 3mks
    (ii) Sources of ground water
- Rain water✓
- Lake/ sea water✓
- Melt water✓
- Magmatic/ plutonic water✓ 1 x 4 = 4mks
b) Significance of ground water
- Sources of rivers – Many springs are sources of river that provide water for industrial / domestic use ✓✓
- Ground water is used for irrigating the land all over the world thus promotes agriculture✓✓
- Ground water influences the development of settlements✓✓
- Hotsprings are a tourist attraction✓✓
- At the mouths of many hotsprings, valuable mineral salts are deposited and people exploit them for economic gain✓✓
2 x 4 = 8mks
c) (i) Lakes that have formed due to crustal warping in East Africa
- Lake Victoria✓
- Lake Kyoga✓
- Lake Wamala✓
- Lake Kachira✓
1 x 2 = 2mks
   (ii) How crustal warping leads to the formation of lakes
- Earth movements cause crustal downwarping ✓
- This leads to the formation of a basin like depression✓
- Uplifting of landmasses around the depression diverted the flow of rivers into the depression causing reversed drainage✓
- Deposition onto the depression resulted in to further downwarping✓
- Water from the rivers accumulated in the depression to form a lake✓
1 x 5 = 5mks
   (iii) Other processes that lead to formation of lakes
- Faulting✓
- Vulcanicity✓
- Erosion✓
- Deposition✓
- Meteorite falling✓
- Human activities✓
1 x 3 = 3mks
Total = 25 marks
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Name three components of soil

1/3/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2001 Section B Question 9.

​(a) Name three components of soil.

  • Air/ gases
  • Water/ moisture
  • Organic matter minerals
  • Inorganic matter/ minerals

​(b) Explain how the following factors influence the formation of soil
(i) Climate
(ii) Topography

(i) Climate
  • Rainfall provides water which make it possible for rocks to decay/ disintegrate to form soil
  • Rainfall can affect the rate at which some soil forming processes can occur e.g leaching
  • High temperature increase the rate of weathering/ accelerate the rate of bacterial activities which generates  some  of the organic matter in the soil
  • Water, ice and winds, erode, transport and deposit soil particle in other   area leading to the formation of new soil ( e.g losses)
(ii) Topography
  • Valley bottoms/ gentle slopes encourage the formation  of deep and fertile soils due to deposition  accumulation of  materials
  • Steep slopes encourages erosion of the top layer of soil that slowing down formation of soil / have a thin  soils
  • Flat plains/ flood plains are saturated with water therefore  slows down forming process
  • Slow influence arrangement/ sequence of soil
  • Slopes scopes are more exposed to the sun/ rain which influence weathering of parents rock/ soil  forms

​(c)(i) State two economic uses of soil

  • Soils are sources of valuable minerals
  • Soils are used as raw materials for pottery/ ceramics/ bricks
  • Soils are used in building/ construction of industry
  • Soils are used for agriculture
  • Some soils are mixed with herbs for medicine purposes
  • Used directly as cattle lick
(a) Name three components of soil (b) Explain how the following factors influence the formation of soil (i) Climate (ii) Topography (c)(i) State two economic uses of soil (ii) Explain four ways in which human activities contribute to soil erosion (d) Describe how the following types of erosion occur (i) Sheet erosion (ii) Gully erosion

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Name two types of submerge coasts

1/3/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2001 Section B Question 8.

​(a) Name two types of submerge coasts

  • Fiord/ fjard/ fyord
  • Dalmattan /  Longitudinal
  • Estuarine
  • Ria

​(b) Explain how the following factors determine the effectiveness of wave erosion along a coast
(i) Nature of the material transported by waves

  • Hard rocks carried by waves increase the erosive power of the waves as they hit against the coast
  • Heavy pieces of rocks carried by waves hit against the  cliffs thus weakening the wall making it susceptible to wave erosion
(ii) Nature of the coastal rocks
  • A coat made of soft rocks wears away easily when subjected to sea waves
  • Well jointed / fractured/ unconsolidated rock enhances erosion by waves along the line  of weakness
  • Where rocks are soluble  or  made  of limestone/ chalk they are easily eroded through solution process

​(c) With the aid of labeled diagrams, describe the process through which a stack is formed

(a) Name two types of submerge coasts (b) Explain how the following factors determine the effectiveness of wave erosion along a coast (i) Nature of the material transported by waves (ii) Nature of the coastal rocks (c) With the aid of labeled diagrams, describe the process through which a stack is formed (d) (i) State four conditions that favour the growth of coral (ii) Explain three ways in which coral contributes to the economic development of Kenya.

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What is a rock?

1/3/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2001 Section B Question 7.

​(a)(i) What is a rock?

  • A rock is a substance made up of a mineral / combination of mineral particle cemented together and  forms the solid part of the earth’s crust.

​(ii) Describe three ways through which sedimentary rocks are formed
 Mechanically formed
 Organically formed
 Chemically formed

Mechanically Formed
  • These rocks are formed when eroded rock materials are transported by agents of erosion and deposited in layers either on land or in the sea
 Organically formed
  • These rocks are formed when remains of previously existing plants or animals organizations are accumulated over a period of time forming layers
 Chemically formed
  • These are formed when rocks are precipitated or when solutions of salt evaporate and particles accumulate in layers.

​(b) Describe two process through which sedimentary rocks change​ into metamorphic rocks

  • When the weight  of the  overlying rock layers creates  pressure on the  lower layers  it leads to change in structure/ grain alignment of the rocks. This process is known as dynamic
  •  During volcanic eruptions, hot magma/ liquids may intrude into a sedimentary rock. The rock grains will re-crystallize due to heat to form new minerals. This process is known as thermal/ contact metamorphisms 
  •  In the mountain building process, sedimentary rocks are compressed and due to this pressure heat is generated. This heat modifies the structure of the original rocks.
(a)(i) What is a rock? (ii) Describe three ways through which sedimentary rocks are formed (b) Describe two process through which sedimentary rocks changer into metamorphic rocks (c) Give an example of each of the following types of igneous rocks (d) Suppose you were to carry out a field study of rocks within the vicinity of your school (i) Name three secondary sources of information you would use to prepare for the field study (ii) State four activities you would carry during the filed study

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Study the map of Kijabe 1: 50,000 provided and answer the following questions:

1/3/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2001 Section B Question 6.

(i) What is the appropriate height of the top of Kijabe hill?

  • Between 2660 and 2680 above sea level

​(ii) Measure the length of Nairobi – Naivasha railway line from landhies (grid reference 257978) to the level crossing near Kijabe station ( grid reference 308984). Give your answer in kilometers.

  • 5.6 km (0.1) (5.5 – 5.7 Km)

​(iii) What relief feature on the map may have created problems in the construction of the railway line?

  • Escarpment steep slopes / Kijabe hill
(iii) What relief feature on the map may have created problems in the construction of the railway line? (b) Describe the drainage of the area covered by the map (c) Explain how relief has influenced the distribution of settlement in the area covered by the map. (d) Citing evidence from the map, state four economic activities carried out in the area covered by the map. (e) Suppose you were a student in the school at Kinari ( Kinale) and you plan to carry out a field study of Wakagwe forest,

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What are natural levees?

1/3/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2001 Section  A Question 5.

​(a) What are natural levees?

  • They are river embankments/ raised rivers banks made  of alluvial deposits ( on the  sides of a river channel within the flood plain)

​(b) The diagrams below shows a section of a river. Use it to answer the questions that Follow.

​(b) The diagrams below shows a section of a river. Use it to answer the questions that Follow.

​(i) At what stage development is this section of the river?

  • Old stage / senile stage / plain stage

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State three climatic conditions experienced in the Sahara desert

1/3/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2001 Section  A Question 4.

(a) State three climatic conditions experienced in the Sahara desert

  • Rainfall is low/ below 250mm per year / dry  climate
  • Rainfall  is erratic/ flash floods  and sporadic rain/ unreliable
  • Temperature are high  throughout the year/ over 300C/ hot climate
  • Intense solar radiation
  • The diurnal range of temperature is  very large/ very hot  days  and cool and nights
  • High rate  of evaporation
  • Skies are always cloudless/ clear  sunny days/ high terrestrial/ radiation

​(b)State three ways in which plants adapt to hot desert conditions

  • Some have long roots to tap underground water
  • Some have small waxy  leaves to reduce  transpiration
  • Some trees shed their leaves  during dry seasons
  • Some plants have thick barks stems/ leaves to sore water
  • Some plants produce seeds that lie dormant awaiting rains
  • Some trees are umbrella- shaped to produce shade to the stem roots
  • Some plants have quick recovery ability after wilting
  • Some are halophytic/ salt tolerant to survive in areas of poor drainage
(a) State three climatic conditions experienced in the Sahara desert (b)State three ways in which plants adapt to hot desert conditions

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What is mechanical weathering?

1/3/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2001 Section  A Question 3.

(a) What is mechanical weathering?

  • It is the breaking down/ disintegration of rocks into smaller particles without altering the minerals composition  of the rock/ breaking down or rocks by  physical force

(b) How is an exfoliation dome formed?

  • A large homogeneous rock is exposed to alternate expansion and contraction of the outer layer in a rock. This is caused by temperature differences. Once the material has peeled off and rolled away a smooth dome shaped rock is left behind. It is called an exfoliation dome.
(a) What is mechanical weathering? (b) How is an exfoliation dome formed?

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State two conditions that are necessary for the formation of fog.

1/3/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2001 Section  A Question 2.

​(a) State two conditions that are necessary for the formation of fog.

  • There must be clear sky/ absence  of clouds ( to permit free terrestrial radiation)
  • There must  be sufficient moisture in the  air
  • The air must  be cooled below  dew point
  • The wind must be  light/ calm

​(b) The diagram below shows some types of clouds. Use it to answer the questions that follow.

(a) State two conditions that are necessary for the formation of fog. (b) The diagram below shows some types of clouds. Use it to answer the questions that follow. (i) Name the clouds marked R (ii) Give two weather conditions associated with cumulonimbus clouds

​(i) Name the clouds marked R

  • R- Cumulus

(ii) Give two weather conditions associated with cumulonimbus clouds

  • Thunder and lighting
  • Hailstones
  • Heavy rainfall
  • Dark clouds

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Give the two dates in a year during which the number of hours of darkness is equal in both the north and south poles.

28/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2001 Section  A Question 1.

​(a) (i) Give the two dates in a year during which the number of hours of darkness is equal in both the north and south poles.

  • 21st March and 23rd September

​(ii) Why do the lengths of days and nights vary from one part of the earth to another?

  • Because earth is titled on its axis
  • Because of the apparent movement of the  sun within the tropics
  • Because of the  regulation  of the earth

(b) The diagram below shows the revolution of the earth around the sun. Use it to answer the questions that follow

(a) (i) Give the two dates in a year during which the number of hours of darkness is equal in both the north and south poles. (ii) Why do the lengths of days and nights vary from one part of the earth to another? (b) The diagram below shows the revolution of the earth around the sun. Use it to answer the questions that follow (i) If the earth takes 366 days to make a complete revolution during a leap year, how long will it take to move from position 1 to position 4? (ii) What season is experienced in the southern hemisphere when the earth is in Position 1?

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The diagram below represents the internal structure of the earth. Use it to answer question(a)

28/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2002 Section B Question 9.

​The diagram below represents the internal structure of the earth. Use it to answer question(a)

​The diagram below represents the internal structure of the earth. Use it to answer question(a)

​(a) Name the part marked U and V.

  • U – mohorovicic discontinuity / moho discontinuity
  • V – The mantle / asthenosphere

​(b) Describe the deposition of:
i. The crust
ii. The core

The crust
  • It is made up of solid rocks.
  • It is divided into two layers / the sial / continental crust and sima / oceanic crust.
  • The sial is rich in silica and aluminium.
  • The sima is rich in silica and magnesium
  • The sima is made up of dense rocks /2.8 – 3.0 gm/cc
  • The sial is made up of lighter rocks / 2.7 / it floats on sima
  • The dial is made up of sedimentary / metamorphic rocks
  • The sial rocks are made of rigid / brittle rocks.
ii) The core.
  • It’s composed of two parts.
  • The main minerals of the outer core are iron and nickel
  • The main mineral of the inner core is iron
  • The inner core has higher density than outer core/ 16/17gm/cc
  • The outer core is melted

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The map below shows some vegetation regions of the world. Use it to answer questions (a) to (c).

28/2/2021

1 Comment

 
KCSE Geography Paper 1 2002 Section B Question 8.

​ The map below shows some vegetation regions of the world. Use it to answer questions (a) to (c).

The map below shows some vegetation regions of the world. Use it to answer questions (a) to (c). a) Name the temperate grasslands marked H, J and K. b) Describe the characteristics of the natural vegetation found in the shaded area marked N. c) i) Explain four ways in which the vegetation found in the area marked M adapts to the environment conditions of the region. d) You are required to carry out a field study of the vegetation within the local environment: i) a part from identifying the different types of plants, state three other activities you will carry out during the field study. ii) How will you identify the different types of plants?

​a) Name the temperate grasslands marked H, J and K.

  • H – Pampas
  • J – Steppes
  • K – Downs

​b) Describe the characteristics of the natural vegetation found in the shaded area marked N.

  • The vegetation is tropical rain forest / equatorial forest.
  • The forest consists of mixed variety of tree species.
  • The trees shed their leaves at different time of the year / evergreen.
  • The trees have broad leaves / deep trapped leaves.
  • The tree takes long to mature
  • The forest has little or no undergrowth
  • The forest has numerous liana /climbing plants / epiphytes
  • Some of the trees have buttress roots
  • The forest has crowns that form canopies three distinct layers.

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The map below shows the physical regions of Kenya. Use it to answer the questions that follow.

28/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2002 Section B Question 7.

​ The map below shows the physical regions of Kenya. Use it to answer the questions that follow.

​ The map below shows the physical regions of Kenya. Use it to answer the questions that follow.

​a) i) Name the regions marked. X, Y and Z.

  • X – Coastal plain / lowlands
  • Y – Kenya highlands / Central highlands
  • Z- The lake basin / lake plateau

​ii) Give the major economic importance of each of the lakes marked S and T.

  • S – Fishing
  • T- Mining

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Study the map of Kisumu East (1:50000) provided and answer the following questions.

26/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2002 Section B Question 6.

i) What is the bearing of the trigonmetrical station at Grid reference 081980 from the rock out crop at grid reference 071992.

  • 139°C + 1°C (138° – 140°)

​ii) Measure the length of the all – weather road (bound surface) b2 /1 from the junction at grid reference 947911 to the edge of the Map, grid reference 947667.(Give your answer in kilometers)

  •  - 7.2km + or 0.1 ( 7.1 – 7.

​iii) On a rectangle, mark and name:

  • - A lake. R1
  • -A plantation L1
  • -River Luanda P1
i) What is the bearing of the trigonmetrical station at Grid reference 081980 from the rock out crop at grid reference 071992. ii) Measure the length of the all – weather road (bound surface) b2 /1 from the junction at grid reference 947911 to the edge of the Map, grid reference 947667.(Give your answer in kilometers) iii) On a rectangle, mark and name: b) i) Describe the relief of the area covered by the map. ii) Explain how relief has experienced settlement in the area covered by the map. c) Citing evidence from the map, give three economic activities carried out in the area covered by the map other than crop growing.

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What is the solar system?

26/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2002 Section A Question 5.

​ a) What is the solar system?

  • The solar system is the sun and the planets orbiting around it.

​b) Use the diagram below to answer the questions that follow.

 a) What is the solar system? b) Use the diagram below to answer the questions that follow. i) What type of eclipse is represented by the diagram? ii) Name the features marked L and M

​i) What type of eclipse is represented by the diagram?

  •  Solar eclipse / eclipse of the sun.

ii) Name the features marked L and M

  • L – The moon
  •  M-Umbra / moon shadow / lunar shadow.

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