GEOGRAPHY TOPICAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Name three components of soil

1/3/2021

0 Comments

KCSE Geography Paper 1 2001 Section B Question 9.

(a) Name three components of soil.

Air/ gases
Water/ moisture
Organic matter minerals
Inorganic matter/ minerals

(b) Explain how the following factors influence the formation of soil
(i) Climate
(ii) Topography

(i) Climate

Rainfall provides water which make it possible for rocks to decay/ disintegrate to form soil
Rainfall can affect the rate at which some soil forming processes can occur e.g leaching
High temperature increase the rate of weathering/ accelerate the rate of bacterial activities which generates some of the organic matter in the soil
Water, ice and winds, erode, transport and deposit soil particle in other area leading to the formation of new soil ( e.g losses)

(ii) Topography

Valley bottoms/ gentle slopes encourage the formation of deep and fertile soils due to deposition accumulation of materials
Steep slopes encourages erosion of the top layer of soil that slowing down formation of soil / have a thin soils
Flat plains/ flood plains are saturated with water therefore slows down forming process
Slow influence arrangement/ sequence of soil
Slopes scopes are more exposed to the sun/ rain which influence weathering of parents rock/ soil forms

(c)(i) State two economic uses of soil

Soils are sources of valuable minerals
Soils are used as raw materials for pottery/ ceramics/ bricks
Soils are used in building/ construction of industry
Soils are used for agriculture
Some soils are mixed with herbs for medicine purposes
Used directly as cattle lick

(a) Name three components of soil (b) Explain how the following factors influence the formation of soil (i) Climate (ii) Topography (c)(i) State two economic uses of soil (ii) Explain four ways in which human activities contribute to soil erosion (d) Describe how the following types of erosion occur (i) Sheet erosion (ii) Gully erosion

0 Comments

Name two types of submerge coasts

1/3/2021

0 Comments

KCSE Geography Paper 1 2001 Section B Question 8.

(a) Name two types of submerge coasts

Fiord/ fjard/ fyord
Dalmattan / Longitudinal
Estuarine
Ria

(b) Explain how the following factors determine the effectiveness of wave erosion along a coast
(i) Nature of the material transported by waves

Hard rocks carried by waves increase the erosive power of the waves as they hit against the coast
Heavy pieces of rocks carried by waves hit against the cliffs thus weakening the wall making it susceptible to wave erosion

(ii) Nature of the coastal rocks

A coat made of soft rocks wears away easily when subjected to sea waves
Well jointed / fractured/ unconsolidated rock enhances erosion by waves along the line of weakness
Where rocks are soluble or made of limestone/ chalk they are easily eroded through solution process

(c) With the aid of labeled diagrams, describe the process through which a stack is formed

(a) Name two types of submerge coasts (b) Explain how the following factors determine the effectiveness of wave erosion along a coast (i) Nature of the material transported by waves (ii) Nature of the coastal rocks (c) With the aid of labeled diagrams, describe the process through which a stack is formed (d) (i) State four conditions that favour the growth of coral (ii) Explain three ways in which coral contributes to the economic development of Kenya.

0 Comments

What is a rock?

1/3/2021

0 Comments

KCSE Geography Paper 1 2001 Section B Question 7.

(a)(i) What is a rock?

A rock is a substance made up of a mineral / combination of mineral particle cemented together and forms the solid part of the earth’s crust.

(ii) Describe three ways through which sedimentary rocks are formed
Mechanically formed
Organically formed
Chemically formed

Mechanically Formed

These rocks are formed when eroded rock materials are transported by agents of erosion and deposited in layers either on land or in the sea

Organically formed

These rocks are formed when remains of previously existing plants or animals organizations are accumulated over a period of time forming layers

Chemically formed

These are formed when rocks are precipitated or when solutions of salt evaporate and particles accumulate in layers.

(b) Describe two process through which sedimentary rocks change into metamorphic rocks

When the weight of the overlying rock layers creates pressure on the lower layers it leads to change in structure/ grain alignment of the rocks. This process is known as dynamic
During volcanic eruptions, hot magma/ liquids may intrude into a sedimentary rock. The rock grains will re-crystallize due to heat to form new minerals. This process is known as thermal/ contact metamorphisms
In the mountain building process, sedimentary rocks are compressed and due to this pressure heat is generated. This heat modifies the structure of the original rocks.

(a)(i) What is a rock? (ii) Describe three ways through which sedimentary rocks are formed (b) Describe two process through which sedimentary rocks changer into metamorphic rocks (c) Give an example of each of the following types of igneous rocks (d) Suppose you were to carry out a field study of rocks within the vicinity of your school (i) Name three secondary sources of information you would use to prepare for the field study (ii) State four activities you would carry during the filed study

0 Comments

Study the map of Kijabe 1: 50,000 provided and answer the following questions:

1/3/2021

0 Comments

KCSE Geography Paper 1 2001 Section B Question 6.

(i) What is the appropriate height of the top of Kijabe hill?

Between 2660 and 2680 above sea level

(ii) Measure the length of Nairobi – Naivasha railway line from landhies (grid reference 257978) to the level crossing near Kijabe station ( grid reference 308984). Give your answer in kilometers.

5.6 km (0.1) (5.5 – 5.7 Km)

(iii) What relief feature on the map may have created problems in the construction of the railway line?

Escarpment steep slopes / Kijabe hill

0 Comments

What are natural levees?

1/3/2021

0 Comments

KCSE Geography Paper 1 2001 Section A Question 5.

(a) What are natural levees?

They are river embankments/ raised rivers banks made of alluvial deposits ( on the sides of a river channel within the flood plain)

(b) The diagrams below shows a section of a river. Use it to answer the questions that Follow.

(i) At what stage development is this section of the river?

Old stage / senile stage / plain stage

0 Comments

State three climatic conditions experienced in the Sahara desert

1/3/2021

0 Comments

KCSE Geography Paper 1 2001 Section A Question 4.

(a) State three climatic conditions experienced in the Sahara desert

Rainfall is low/ below 250mm per year / dry climate
Rainfall is erratic/ flash floods and sporadic rain/ unreliable
Temperature are high throughout the year/ over 300C/ hot climate
Intense solar radiation
The diurnal range of temperature is very large/ very hot days and cool and nights
High rate of evaporation
Skies are always cloudless/ clear sunny days/ high terrestrial/ radiation

(b)State three ways in which plants adapt to hot desert conditions

Some have long roots to tap underground water
Some have small waxy leaves to reduce transpiration
Some trees shed their leaves during dry seasons
Some plants have thick barks stems/ leaves to sore water
Some plants produce seeds that lie dormant awaiting rains
Some trees are umbrella- shaped to produce shade to the stem roots
Some plants have quick recovery ability after wilting
Some are halophytic/ salt tolerant to survive in areas of poor drainage

0 Comments

What is mechanical weathering?

1/3/2021

0 Comments

KCSE Geography Paper 1 2001 Section A Question 3.

(a) What is mechanical weathering?

It is the breaking down/ disintegration of rocks into smaller particles without altering the minerals composition of the rock/ breaking down or rocks by physical force

(b) How is an exfoliation dome formed?

A large homogeneous rock is exposed to alternate expansion and contraction of the outer layer in a rock. This is caused by temperature differences. Once the material has peeled off and rolled away a smooth dome shaped rock is left behind. It is called an exfoliation dome.

0 Comments

State two conditions that are necessary for the formation of fog.

1/3/2021

0 Comments

KCSE Geography Paper 1 2001 Section A Question 2.

(a) State two conditions that are necessary for the formation of fog.

There must be clear sky/ absence of clouds ( to permit free terrestrial radiation)
There must be sufficient moisture in the air
The air must be cooled below dew point
The wind must be light/ calm

(b) The diagram below shows some types of clouds. Use it to answer the questions that follow.

(a) State two conditions that are necessary for the formation of fog. (b) The diagram below shows some types of clouds. Use it to answer the questions that follow. (i) Name the clouds marked R (ii) Give two weather conditions associated with cumulonimbus clouds

(i) Name the clouds marked R

R- Cumulus

(ii) Give two weather conditions associated with cumulonimbus clouds

Thunder and lighting
Hailstones
Heavy rainfall
Dark clouds

0 Comments

Give the two dates in a year during which the number of hours of darkness is equal in both the north and south poles.

28/2/2021

0 Comments

KCSE Geography Paper 1 2001 Section A Question 1.

(a) (i) Give the two dates in a year during which the number of hours of darkness is equal in both the north and south poles.

21st March and 23rd September

(ii) Why do the lengths of days and nights vary from one part of the earth to another?

Because earth is titled on its axis
Because of the apparent movement of the sun within the tropics
Because of the regulation of the earth

(b) The diagram below shows the revolution of the earth around the sun. Use it to answer the questions that follow

(a) (i) Give the two dates in a year during which the number of hours of darkness is equal in both the north and south poles. (ii) Why do the lengths of days and nights vary from one part of the earth to another? (b) The diagram below shows the revolution of the earth around the sun. Use it to answer the questions that follow (i) If the earth takes 366 days to make a complete revolution during a leap year, how long will it take to move from position 1 to position 4? (ii) What season is experienced in the southern hemisphere when the earth is in Position 1?

0 Comments

The diagram below represents the internal structure of the earth. Use it to answer question(a)

28/2/2021

0 Comments

KCSE Geography Paper 1 2002 Section B Question 9.

The diagram below represents the internal structure of the earth. Use it to answer question(a)

(a) Name the part marked U and V.

U – mohorovicic discontinuity / moho discontinuity
V – The mantle / asthenosphere

(b) Describe the deposition of:
i. The crust
ii. The core

The crust

It is made up of solid rocks.
It is divided into two layers / the sial / continental crust and sima / oceanic crust.
The sial is rich in silica and aluminium.
The sima is rich in silica and magnesium
The sima is made up of dense rocks /2.8 – 3.0 gm/cc
The sial is made up of lighter rocks / 2.7 / it floats on sima
The dial is made up of sedimentary / metamorphic rocks
The sial rocks are made of rigid / brittle rocks.

ii) The core.

It’s composed of two parts.
The main minerals of the outer core are iron and nickel
The main mineral of the inner core is iron
The inner core has higher density than outer core/ 16/17gm/cc
The outer core is melted

0 Comments

The map below shows some vegetation regions of the world. Use it to answer questions (a) to (c).

28/2/2021

1 Comment

KCSE Geography Paper 1 2002 Section B Question 8.

The map below shows some vegetation regions of the world. Use it to answer questions (a) to (c).

a) Name the temperate grasslands marked H, J and K.

H – Pampas
J – Steppes
K – Downs

b) Describe the characteristics of the natural vegetation found in the shaded area marked N.

The vegetation is tropical rain forest / equatorial forest.
The forest consists of mixed variety of tree species.
The trees shed their leaves at different time of the year / evergreen.
The trees have broad leaves / deep trapped leaves.
The tree takes long to mature
The forest has little or no undergrowth
The forest has numerous liana /climbing plants / epiphytes
Some of the trees have buttress roots
The forest has crowns that form canopies three distinct layers.

1 Comment

The map below shows the physical regions of Kenya. Use it to answer the questions that follow.

28/2/2021

0 Comments

KCSE Geography Paper 1 2002 Section B Question 7.

The map below shows the physical regions of Kenya. Use it to answer the questions that follow.

a) i) Name the regions marked. X, Y and Z.

X – Coastal plain / lowlands
Y – Kenya highlands / Central highlands
Z- The lake basin / lake plateau

ii) Give the major economic importance of each of the lakes marked S and T.

S – Fishing
T- Mining

0 Comments

Study the map of Kisumu East (1:50000) provided and answer the following questions.

26/2/2021

0 Comments

KCSE Geography Paper 1 2002 Section B Question 6.

i) What is the bearing of the trigonmetrical station at Grid reference 081980 from the rock out crop at grid reference 071992.

139°C + 1°C (138° – 140°)

ii) Measure the length of the all – weather road (bound surface) b2 /1 from the junction at grid reference 947911 to the edge of the Map, grid reference 947667.(Give your answer in kilometers)

- 7.2km + or 0.1 ( 7.1 – 7.

iii) On a rectangle, mark and name:

- A lake. R1
-A plantation L1
-River Luanda P1

i) What is the bearing of the trigonmetrical station at Grid reference 081980 from the rock out crop at grid reference 071992. ii) Measure the length of the all – weather road (bound surface) b2 /1 from the junction at grid reference 947911 to the edge of the Map, grid reference 947667.(Give your answer in kilometers) iii) On a rectangle, mark and name: b) i) Describe the relief of the area covered by the map. ii) Explain how relief has experienced settlement in the area covered by the map. c) Citing evidence from the map, give three economic activities carried out in the area covered by the map other than crop growing.

0 Comments

What is the solar system?

26/2/2021

0 Comments

KCSE Geography Paper 1 2002 Section A Question 5.

a) What is the solar system?

The solar system is the sun and the planets orbiting around it.

b) Use the diagram below to answer the questions that follow.

i) What type of eclipse is represented by the diagram?

Solar eclipse / eclipse of the sun.

ii) Name the features marked L and M

L – The moon
M-Umbra / moon shadow / lunar shadow.

0 Comments

The table below shows climatic data of a station in Kenya.Use it to answer question(a)

26/2/2021

0 Comments

KCSE Geography Paper 1 2002 Section A Question 4.

a) The table below shows climatic data of a station in Kenya.Use it to answer question(a)

i) What is the annual range of temperature at the station?

-1.9°C

ii) Calculate the total rainfall for the station.

– 193 mm.

b) State three factors that influence climate.

Altitude.
Aspect
Latitude
Distance from the sea
Ocean currents
Cloud cover / forest
Winds

0 Comments

<<Previous