GEOGRAPHY TOPICAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Three types of faults

9/7/2023

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Three types of faults

Normal
Reverse/ thrust/ low angle over thrust
Tear / shear / transform
Anticlinal fault

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Explain three ways in which features resulting from faulting are of economic importance:

9/7/2023

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Explain three ways in which features resulting from faulting are of economic importance:

Blocks / horst mountains are a source of rivers which provide water for industrial/ domestic, agricultural, HEP production.
Rift valley formation has led to exposure of minerals such as diatomites/ soda ash which are mined on the rift valley floor.
Mountains formed through faulting attract rain on the wind sides which favour agriculture activities / settlements
Rift valley lakes are important fishing grounds, provide water for irrigation, transportation.
Faulted features such as rift valleys provide beautiful scenery which promotes tourism industry.

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A part from the Rift Valley name two other relief features that were formed as result of faulting.

9/7/2023

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A part from the Rift Valley name two other relief features that were formed as result of faulting.

tilt block
escarpment / scarp slope
block mountains / horsts
fault steps
depressions

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Describe two ways in which faulting may influence drainage systems.

9/7/2023

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Describe two ways in which faulting may influence drainage systems.

If rift faulting occurs in an enclosed area, a basin may be formed. When rivers flow into the basin, a lake may be formed. This basin may become an area of inland drainage.
Some rivers may end up flowing along fault lines, thus forming a fault-guided drainage pattern.
Uplifting of land which follows faulting may block a river. This may cause it to reverse or change its direction of flow.
When faulting occurs across a river valley, it may cause the river to disappear into the ground through a fault line.
When faulting occurs across a river valley, vertical displacement of land may occur.
The river forms a waterfall where it descends the newly formed escarpment.
Faulting may lead to the formation of escarpments with springs forming at the base due to exposure of the water table.

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Name four types of faults

4/7/2023

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Name four types of faults (4 marks)

Normal faults
Reversed faults
Tear / shear faults
Thrust/over thrust faults
Anticlinal faults

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State three factors that may influence faulting processes

4/7/2023

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State three factors that may influence faulting processes (3 marks)

Intensity or strength of the tectonic forces.
The nature of crustal rocks.
Direction of the forces involved.

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Define faulting

4/7/2023

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Define faulting (2 marks)
It is the cracking/ fracturing of the crustal rocks as a result of tectonic forces.

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The diagram below shows some features formed by faulting

4/7/2023

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The diagram below shows some features formed by faulting

(a)Name the parts marked X and Y. (2mks)

X-Hade
Y-Fault Scarp/Escarpment/Scarp face.

(b)State three effects of faulting on drainage of an area. (3mks)

Down warping due to faulting may lead to formation of depression which forms lakes after filled with water.
Fault lines due to fracturing may change the course of river.
Fault scarps forming across rivers may lead to formation of waterfall.

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Name two types of faults associated with compressional forces

1/7/2023

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Name two types of faults associated with compressional forces. (2 marks)

Reversed faults
Thrust faults
Anticlinal faults

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The diagram below represents features produced by faulting.Use it to answer questions that follow.

26/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2002 Section A Question 1.

The diagram below represents features produced by faulting. Use it to answer questions that follow.

a) Name the features marked P,Q, and R

P - Horst block
Q - Rift valley
R - Fault scarp / escarpment

b) Differentiate between a normal faulty and a reverse fault.

In a normal fault part of the fault is exposed to form an escarpment when in a reverse fault the plane the plane is not exposed.
A normal fault is cause by tensional forces while a reverse fault occurs due to Compressional forces.
In a normal fault, the up throw move away from down throw while in a reverse fault the up throw moves over down throw.

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A part from the Rift Valley name two other relief features that were formed as result of faulting.

24/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2004 Section B Question 7.

a) i) A part from the Rift Valley name two other relief features that were formed as result of faulting.

Tilt block
Escarpment/scrap slope
Block mountain/ horsts

ii) With the aid of a well labeled diagram, describe how a Rift Valley is formed by tensional forces.

Layers of rocks are subjected to tensional forces when there is some tensional forces when there is some instability within the earth’s crust.
Parallel normal faults develop/lines of weakness develop.

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Apart from the Rift Valley, name three other relief’ features formed as a result of faulting.

1/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2015 Section B Question 8.

(a) (i) Apart from the Rift Valley, name three other relief’ features formed as a result of faulting.

Escarpments/scarp slopes.
Tilt blocks.
Fault steps.
Block mountains/horst/fault block.

(ii) With the aid of diagrams, describe how the Great Rift Valley may have been formed by tensional forces.

Layers of rocks are subjected to tensional forces when there is some instability within the earth’s crust.

(b) Explain three ways in which faulting may influence drainage systems.

Uplifting of landscape which leads to faulting may cause rivers to reverse their direction of fowl back tilting.
Vertical faulting across a river may cause a change in the local base level resulting in the formation of a waterfall.
Basins/depressions resulting from faulting may be filled with water to form lakes/inland drainage basins.
Some rivers flow along fault lines forming fault guided drainage patterns.
Some rivers may disappear into the ground through a fault forming underground streams.
Uplift of some river channels may cause river rejuvenation.
Faulting may expose underground water leading to formation of springs.

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Name three types of faults

30/1/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2016 Section A Question 9.

(a) (i) Name three types of faults.

Normal fault,
Reverse fault,
Tear or shear or slip or transform or wrench or strike slip fault,
Thrust fault,
Anticlinal fault

(ii) Apart from compressional forces, explain two other processes that may cause faulting.

Faulting may be caused by force acting horizontally away from each other which causes tension in the crystal rocks. Due to tensional forces the rocks stretch and fracture causing faults.
Faulting may occur where horizontal forces act parallel to each other in the opposite or same direction resulting in shearing.
Faulting may also occur due to vertical movements which may exert a strain in the rocks making them to fracture

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The block diagram below represent part of earth’s crust which has been subjected to tensional forces.

12/1/2021

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The block diagram below represent part of earth’s crust which has been subjected to tensional forces.

a) Name (i) the slope marked A (1mk)

(i) The slope marked A-Heave/Escarpment
(ii) The angle marked B-hade (2mks)

b) State three ways in which faulting can influence drainage systems.(3mk)

Vertical faulting across a river may cause waterfall
Rift faulting in an enclosed area may lead to formation of a lake if rivers drain into the basin/inland drainage
Some rivers flow along fault lines/fault guided drainage
Uplifting of landscape which leads to faulting may cause rivers to their direction of flow.

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