GEOGRAPHY TOPICAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

The diagram below represents the structure of the earth. Use it to answer question (a).

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2015 Section A Question 1.

The diagram below represents the structure of the earth. Use it to answer question (a).

(a) Name:
(i) the layers marked E and F.

(i) E - Lithosphere/crust/sima/sial/hydrosphere/Scal
(ii)F - Mantle/Asthenosphere

(ii) the minerals that make up the layer marked G.

The minerals that make up the layer marked G.
Iron and Nickle

(b) Give two effects of the rotation of the earth on its axis.

The daily rise and fall of tides.
The occurrence of day and night.
A difference of 1 hour between two longitudes 15° apart.
The deflection of winds/ocean currents.

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What is visible trade?

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2016 Section B Question 10.

(a) (i) What is visible trade?

Visible trade, in economics, exchange of physically tangible goods between countries, involving the export, import, and re-export of goods at various stages of production. It is distinguished from invisible trade, which involves the export and import of physically intangible items such as services.

(ii) List three major imports to Kenya from Japan.

Machinery, nuclear reactors, boilers
Ships, boats, and other floating structures
Manmade staple fibers
Electrical, electronic equipment

(b) Explain four factors that influence internal trade in Kenya.

Transport and communication.
Availability of products for sale.
Availability of market.
Taxation of goods.
Means of payment or exchange.
Kenyan government policies.
Political stability.

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Identify three sources of renewable energy.

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2016 Section B Question 9.

(a) Identify three sources of renewable energy.

Wind
Sun
Water
Tides / waves
Geothermal steam
Biomass
Wood/trees
Drought animals

(b) (i) Name three main Hydro Electric Power Stations along the River Tana.

Masinga
Kamburu
Gitaru
Kindaruma
Kiambere

(ii) Apart from providing electric power, state four other benefits of the dams along the River Tana.

The reservoirs provide water for domestic use /industrial use/irrigation.
The dams / reservoirs are tourist attractions.
The reservoirs are fresh water fisheries.
The reservoirs modify local climate.
The dams act as bridges across the river.
The dams and reservoirs control floods downsteam.

(a) Identify three sources of renewable energy. (b) (i) Name three main Hydro Electric Power Stations along the River Tana. (ii) Apart from providing electric power, state four other benefits of the dams along the River Tana. (iii) Identify two problems that affect the production of power from the stations along River Tana. (c) Explain four measures the Government of Kenya has taken to conserve energy. (d) Some students carried out a field study on sources of energy by sampling the households around their school. (i) Identify two sampling techniques the students may have used during the study. (ii) Give three advantages of sampling the households for the study.

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Name two settlement patterns.

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2016 Section B Question 8.

a) (i) Name two settlement patterns.

Nucleated settlement/ clustered
Dispersed settlement /scattered
Linear settlement
Radial settlement

(ii) Explain four physical factors that influence settlement.

Areas that receive high reliable rainfall attract more people since they can engage in arable farming/ares that receive low rainfall have fewer people as they are unsuitable for arable farming.
Areas near water bodies attract dense settlements as the water is available for domestic/ industrial use /areas of scarcity water discourages settlement since it is difficult to get water hence low productivity.
Areas with cool moderate temperature are densely settled as they can support agriculture / human life. Areas with extreme temperatures are sparsely settled as they are uncomfortable for human beings.
Areas with fertile soils attract settlement as a wide range of crops can be grown / poor soils/ poorly drained soils are unsuitable for arable farming / are prone to water diseases.

(b) (i) Explain how the following factors have led to the growth of Thika town.
Location;
Transport;
Land.

Location;

Its proximity to Nairobi has led to industrial expansion as Nairobi acts as market to its products/supplies

Transport;

It has a railway / road connection which provides easy movement of food/people/raw materials/finished products

Land.

There is ample/flat land for development of industries/settlement
The cost of land is relatively cheap hence attracts investors

a) (i) Name two settlement patterns. (ii) Explain four physical factors that influence settlement. (b) (i) Explain how the following factors have led to the growth of Thika town. Location; Transport; Land. (ii) Apart from being a transport and communication centre, give three other functions of Thika town. (c) Explain three positive effects of urbanization to a country.

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Study the photograph below and answer questions (a) and (b).

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2016 Section B Question 7.

Study the photograph below and answer questions (a) and (b).

(a) Name: (i) the mining methods shown in the photograph;

Panning/alluvial mining/placer mining

(ii) two minerals that may be mined using the method shown in the photograph.

Gold,
Diamond,
Platinum,
Tin

(b) (i) Using evidence from the photograph, give four indicators that show that the weather was hot when the photograph was taken.

Almost all the miners have removed their shirts/bare chested.
Some miners are wearing hats/head scarfs
The sky is clear.
The shadows indicate that the sun is almost overhead.
Use of an umbrella by a person at the middle ground.
Bodies are glistering with sweat/sweaty bodies.
There is a reflection of the sun rays on the water surface .

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State four ways in which communication contributes to economic development in Kenya.

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2016 Section B Question 6.

Use the map below to answer questions a (i) and (ii)

a) Name
(i) The rivers marked E, F and G

E - R. Congo.
F - R. Zambezi.
G - R. Orange

(ii) The human-made lakes marked H and J.

H - Kainji
J – Nasser

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State three measures which the government of Kenya has taken to reduce infant mortality.

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2016 Section A Question 5.

(a) State three measures which the government of Kenya has taken to reduce infant mortality.

Good nutrition
Education
Better health
Advanced technology

(b) Give three negative effects of low population growth in a country.

It leads to under utilization of resources,
It leads to reduced market or goods
It leads to reduced labour force /it is expensive to provide medical care / transport

(a) State three measures which the government of Kenya has taken to reduce infant mortality. (b) Give three negative effects of low population growth in a country.

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Why is Kenya's petroleum refinery located at Mombasa?

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2016 Section A Question 4.

(a)Why is Kenya's petroleum refinery located at Mombasa?

It is easier to transport refined petroleum products than crude hence the need to process crude oil at the port of entry/ crude oil the raw material for the refinery comes by sea/it is cheaper to transport to the port of
Mombasa/closeness to the source of raw material/Mombasa is the only port of entry.

(b)State three ways in which the clearing of forests has affected the natural environment in Kenya.

It has led to reduced volume of water in the rivers / caused drying up of rivers.
It has led to the destruction of the natural habitat of wildlife. It has endangered some of the wildlife species.
It has led to changes in the rainfall pattern/ Desertification.
It has interfered with the beauty of the environment / lowered the aesthetic value of the environment.
It has disrupted the ecosystem
It has accelerated soil erosion.

(a)Why is Kenya's petroleum refinery located at Mombasa? (b)State three ways in which the clearing of forests has affected the natural environment in Kenya.

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Differentiate between transport and communication.

31/1/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2016 Section A Question 3.

(a) Differentiate between transport and communication.

Transport is the movement of goods and people from one place to another while communication is the transmission of ideas of information from one person to another.

(b) State three causes of the decline in the use of letter writing as a means of communication in Kenya.

The high rate cost of postage
Competition from cheaper and faster means of communication
The delay in the delivery of letters
Loss of letters
Tampering with letters

(a) Differentiate between transport and communication. (b) State three causes of the decline in the use of letter writing as a means of communication in Kenya.

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Name the method of irrigation used in the Perkerra irrigation scheme

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2016 Section A Question 2.

(a) Name the method of irrigation used in the Perkerra irrigation scheme

Furrow / canal irrigation.

(b) State three factors that influenced the location of the Perkerra irrigation scheme.

Availability of extensive land for irrigation.
Availability of water from River Perkerra.
The gently sloping land that allows mechanization/easy flow of water for irrigation by gravity.
Presence of fertile loamy/alluvial soils good for the growth of a variety of crops.
Dry conditions/semi arid/unreliable/low rainfall making it necessary to irrigate the area.
The area is sparsely populated.

(a) Name the method of irrigation used in the Perkerra irrigation scheme (b) State three factors that influenced the location of the Perkerra irrigation scheme.

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Name two exotic breads of dairy cattle reared in Kenya.

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2016 Section A Question 1.

(a) Name two exotic breads of dairy cattle reared in Kenya.

Fresian / Holstein
Ayshire
Guernsey
Jersey
Alderney
Brown Swiss / Swiss Brown

(b) State three physical conditions that favour dairy farming in Denmark.

The landscape is gently sloping which is suitable for grazing
The climate has warm / sunny summers / moderate temperatures (10 – 17C) that allow outdoor grazing.
There is cool climate suitable for pasture growing
The moderate rainfall (500–1000mm) that supports growth of grass / fodder crops
Boulder clay soils are fertile support high pasture

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Give five reasons why the development of the Jua Kali industry is encouraged in Kenya.

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 1998 Section A Question 8.

(a) (i) What is industrialization (2mks)

It is the process of change from primary to secondary and tertiary production/settling up of more industries

(ii) Name a town in Kenya where each of the following industries are located

Oil refining ( 1mk)
Oil refining - Mombasa
Paper manufacturing ( 1mk)
Paper manufacturing – Webuye
Motor vehicle assembly ( 1mk)
Motor vehicle assemble – Nairobi / Mombasa/ Thika

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Explain three conditions that favour wheat farming in Kenya

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 1998 Section B Question 9.

World wheat production by regions

(a) Draw a pie chart to illustrate the information given above. ( 5mks)

World wheat production by regions pie chart

(b) Name
(i) Two districts in Kenya where wheat is grown on commercial scale ( 2 mks)

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What is soil conservation?, State three farming methods that assist in soil conservation

31/1/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 1998 Section A Question 5.

(a) What is soil conservation?

(a) It is a careful management/ protection of soil against erosion/ exhaustion

Building Gabions is one way of conserving soil

(b) State three farming methods that assist in soil conservation

Ploughing along the contour
Controlling grazing
strip cropping
Making terraces
Digging cut off drains/ trenches/furrows across the slope
Planting cover crops
Mixed cropping/ intercropping
Agro- forestry
Following field rotation
Crop rotation
Mulching
Adding fertilizer/ manure

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Explain five factors that limit the exploitation of tropical rain forest in Africa.

31/1/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 1998 Section B Question 6.

Study the photograph below and answer question (a)

(a) (i) Draw a rectangle 16cm by 10 cm to represent then area of the Photograph

On the rectangle, show the following
- the railway line ( 1 mk)
- Cultivated land ( 1mk)

rectangle 16cm by 10 cm to represent then area of the Photograph

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