(a) (i) What is communication? 

(ii) Name four types of mass communication.

(b) Explain the role of communication in the economic development of Africa. 

(a) What is an industry? 

(b) (i) Name two car manufacturing zones in Japan. 

​(ii) Explain four human factors which have favoured the development of car manufacturing industry in Japan.

​(c) Explain each of the following problems of industrialisation in the developing countries:
(i) Raw materials 

 Use the map of Kenya below to answer question (a).​

​(a) (i) Name the game reserve marked X. 

(ii) Name the marine reserve marked Y. 

​(iii) Name the national park marked Z. 

(a) (i) Apart from Ghana, name two countries in Africa where cocoa is grown.

(ii) State five physical conditions that favour cocoa farming in Ghana. 

​(b) (i) Describe the process of cocoa cultivation in Ghana. 

Use the table below to answer the following questions: Kenya's agricultural production in 1000 tonnes between 2008 and 2011.

(a) (i) Apart from comparative Line graph, name four other methods that can be used to represent the above data. 

(ii) Using a vertical scale of 1 cm to represent 20,000 tonnes, draw a comparative line graph to represent the above data.
​Kenya’s Agricultural production in ‘000 tonnes between 2008 and 2011.

(a) Outline three factors that influence development of linear settlement pattern.

(b) Give two differences between the ports of Mombasa and Rotterdam.

(a) Define internal trade. 

(b) Give three ways in which Kenya has benefited from regional trade.

(a) What is a renewable source of energy? 

​(b) Name three main Hydro Electric Power stations along the river Tana. 

(a) Define the term Fisheries. 

(b) Name three countries in Southern Africa that are important for marine fish harvesting.

(a) Name two rivers that supply water to Mwea-Tebere irrigation scheme.

​(b) State how the government policy influenced the establishment of Mwea-Tebere irrigation scheme. 

 (a) List three components of soil. 

​(b) Explain each of the following in relation to the classification of soil:
(i) Zonal 
(ii) Intrazonal 
(iii) Azonal 

​(c) Explain three causes of soil degeneration. 

​(d) Students from Mwema School visited a nearby ranch to study types of soil.
(i) Explain why they carried the following tools:
I. Hoes 
II. Polythene bags 
(ii) Give three reasons why they would need to seek permission from relevant authorities. 
(iii) List three types of soil erosion they are likely to observe. 

(a) (i) Define an ocean. 
(ii) Explain the three causes of variation in the amount of salt in ocean water.

​(b) (i) Identify three processes involved in wave erosion. 
(ii) With the aid of well labelled diagrams, describe the processes through which a wave cut platform is formed. 

​(c) You intend to carry out a field study on types of features resulting from wave deposition along the coast.
(i) Identify three methods you would use to record data. 
(ii) Give three wave depositional features you are likely to observe during the field study. 

(a) (i) Apart from inter tropical convergence  (ITCZ), list four physical factors that influence climatic.

(ii) Give four characteristics of inter tropical convergence zone (ITCZ). 

​(b) (i) Name the three equatorial climatic regions of Kenya.

(ii) Describe the tundra climate. 

(a) (i) What is the magnetic variation of the map? 

​(ii) Identify two natural features found at the grid square 3597. 

​(iii) Identify the two countries represented in the area covered by the map.

​(b) (i) Give the direction of the trigonometrical station at the grid square 2789 from the air photo principal point at Nyagoma Mission School. ​