(a) (i) Name two settlement patterns.

(ii) Explain four physical factors that influence settlement.

​(a) (i) Identify the three types of inland waterways used for transport in Africa.

(ii) Give four reasons why the government of Kenya is expanding pipeline transport.

​(b) (ì) State three advantages of railway transport. 

​(ii) State four conditions of roads in Kenya that may lead to motor vehicle accidents.

(a) (i) Name two provinces in Canada where wheat is grown on large scale. 

​(ii) State three physical conditions that favour wheat farming in Canada.

​(a) (i) What is agro-forestry? 

​(ii) Give four reasons why agro-forestry is encouraged in Kenya.

(b) Use the map of Kenya below to answer questions b(i) and (ii).

(i) Name the forest resources marked H, J and K.

Study the photograph below and answer question (a)

(a) (i) Identify the type of photograph shown above. 

(ii) Draw a rectangle measuring 15 cm by 10 cm to represent the area covered by the photograph.

(a) Identify two methods used to control tsetse flies in Kenya. 

(b) State three negative effects of uncollected garbage on the environment.

Give three reasons why it is necessary for the government of Kenya to carry out a national census.

(a) A part from the sun, name three other sources of electricity. 

​(b) Give three advantages of using solar energy.

(a) Name two methods used in deep sea fishing. 

​(b) State three ways in which the government of Kenya is promoting the fishing industry. 

(a) What is mining? 

(b) State four benefits of Soda Ash mining to the economy of Kenya. ​

(a)(i) Define the term soil. 

(ii) Give two factors that determine soil leaching.

​(a) (i) Outline two factors that influence the development of drainage patterns.

(ii) Outline five characteristics of a river in its youthful stage.

(b) Describe the following processes of river erosion:
(i) attrition; 
(ii) corrasion. 

(a) Explain the following processes of weathering:
(i) hydration; 
(ii) oxidation; 
(iii) frost action. 

(b) Describe how an exfoliation dome is formed.

(a) (i) What is a mineral? 

(ii) Describe the following characteristics of minerals:
 lustre; 
 colour; 
 density. 

​(b) (i) Name two examples of extrusive igneous rocks. 

​Study the map of Kitale 1:50,000 (sheet 75/3) provided and answer the following questions.
(a) (i) Identify the two human made features found at the grid square 2320.

​(ii) What is the altitude of the highest point in the area covered by the map?

​(iii) Give three types of natural vegetation found in the area covered by the map.