GEOGRAPHY TOPICAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

It is a condition where the incoming solar radiation passes through the atmosphere while the outgoing terrestrial is blocked by the gases/ atmosphere making the earth retain most of the terrestrial radiation. This makes the earh to be warmer than it would have been or it is a condition where the atmosphere balances the incoming and out-going and out-going terrestrial radiation making the earth to retain optimum heat.

b) Name three instruments to match three elements of weather that can be measured at a school weather station

Instrument Element

Rain gauge Rainfall
Thermometer Temperature
Barometer Pressure
Hygrometer Humidity
wind vane Wind Direction
Anemometer Humidity
sun shine recorder Sun shine

a) What do you understand by: (i) Microclimate? (ii) Green house effect? b) Name three instruments to match three elements of weather that can be measured at a school weather station

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Explain how the following factors influence climate Altitude,Distance from the sea

21/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2005 Section B Question 9.

Use the map below to answer questions (a) and (b)

(a) Name:
(i) The type of climate found in the shaded area marked Q

Q- Polar cold climate/ tundra climate

(ii) The ocean current marked R and S

R – Canary ocean current
S- Gulf stream

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The table below represents rainfall and temperature figures for a town in Africa. Use it to answer the questions that follow

19/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2006 Section A Question 5.

The table below represents rainfall and temperature figures for a town in Africa. Use it to answer the questions that follow

(a) (i) calculate the annual range of temperature for the town

28°-24°C = 4°C

(b) State two characteristics of the climate experienced in the town

The town experiences high temperatures throughout the year 24- 28°C
The annual range of temperature is small / 4°C
Rain falls throughout the year / there is no marked dry season
The rainfall pattern has double maxima
The weather month is July/the driest months are December and January
Rainfall is high/ 1803mm
The hottest months are February to April/ coolest month is August

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How does a sea breeze occur?

18/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2006 Section A Question 1.

(a) How does a sea breeze occur?

During the day, the land heats faster than the sea
The air over the land rises
Cooler air from the sea blows towards the land to replace the rising air
The cool air from the sea is called the sea breeze

(b) Use the map of Africa below to answer questions (b) (i)

(i) Name the ocean currents marked H,J, and K

H-Mozambique/Agulhas
J-Benguela
K-Guinea

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What is climate?

18/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2007 Section B Question 8.

(a) (i) What is climate?

Is the average weather condition of a particular place for a long period of time between 3o -35 years.

(ii) Explain two effects of climate change on the physical environment

High rainfall results to flood that will a proof vegetation
High temperature- results to dying of vegetation
Ice will melt leaving the mountation tops bear
soil erosion to drying vegetation

(b) The table below shows rainfall and temperature figures of station in Africa

(i) On the graph paper provided, draw a bar graph to represent the rainfall figure. ( Use a vertical scale of 1 cm to represent 10mm)

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What are the negative effects of climate change on physical environment?

2/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2014 Section B Question 8.

The map below shows some climatic regions of Kenya. Use it to answer question (a).

(a) (i) Name the climatic regions marked X and Y.

X - Desert climate
Y - Modified tropical climate

(ii) State three characteristics of the climatic region marked Z.

It has a small annual temperature range / 30 50 C.
It has a small diurnal range of temperature.
It has a mean annual temperature of between 200 C and 32° C/high temperature / moderate temperature.
Receives moderate to high rainfall / rainfall ranges between 750 mm and 1500 mm per year, with no distinct dry month! it rains throughout the year.
The relative humidity is high / 80%
The area receives convectional type of rainfall / rain falls mainly in the afternoon / accompanied by thunder and lightening.
It has a double rainfall maxima.
It experiences low pressure.
There is a thick cloud cover.

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State four ways in which the savanna grasslands have adapted to climatic conditions.

29/1/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2017 Section A Question 5.

State four ways in which the savanna grasslands have adapted to climatic conditions.

Some trees have thick stem/scaly bark.
Grass is tufted/short.
Some trees have scary bark.
Some trees shed their leaves/decidious.
Grass withers during the dry season.
Grass roots remain dormant during the dry season.
Some trees are umbrella shaped.
Some trees/ grass have thin, spiky leaves.

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List the three types of dunes.

27/1/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2018 Section A Question 5.

(a) List the three types of dunes.

Barchans
Seif dunes/longitudinal/linear
Transverse/wave dunes.
Star dunes
Draas

(b) Identify two processes through which wind transports materials in arid areas.

Suspension
Saltation
Surface creep/traction.

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Use the map of Kenya below to answer question (a).

27/1/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2019 Section B Question 8.

Use the map of Kenya below to answer question (a).

(a) (i) Name the game reserve marked X.

Marsabit

(ii) Name the marine reserve marked Y.

MaIindi/Watamu Marine Reserve

(iii) Name the national park marked Z.

Amboseli National Park

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State three advantages of studying the weather through fieldwork and factors that influence climate

26/1/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 1998 Section B Question 8.

The graph below represents the climate of a station in Africa. Use it to answer question

(i) Describe the characteristics of the climate represented by the graph

Temperature are higher between September and March/ relatively low during April to August
Most of the rainfall is received during the warmer season/ cool season relatively dry/ single maximum R/F regime
The highest temperature are experienced in December (230C) / the lowest temperature range is large / 140 C
The highest rainfall is received in December (125mm) the lowest June to August ( 10mm)
There is no distinct dry month
Rainfall is low ( 6.55mm)

(ii) Describe the type of natural vegetation likely to be found in an area with the type of climate represented by the graph.

(iii) Scrub/ thicket/bush/ Shrubs

Grass is tall in the wetter areas and short in drier areas
The vegetation in mainly grass
Trees are only found along water courses/ trees scattered
Grass withers during the dry season/ winter but spouts at the beginning of wet season
Acacias
Umbrella shaped trees/ thorny trees

(b) Explain four factors that influence climate.

Latitude
Areas near the equator are hotter than those far away from the equator. This is due to a higher concentration of trees in rays per unit area at the equator. The amount of solar insulation decreases polewards since it passes through a longer distance of the atmosphere and therefore more interference.
Altitude
Lowlands are usually warmer than highlands because the atmosphere becomes thinner as the altitude increases where the ground loses heat to enter space faster. Atmosphere pressure decreases with increasing altitude. This is due to the weight of atmospheric air above highlands being less than in lowlands.
Distance from the sea/ continentally
During the hot season, coastal lands are relatively hotter than inland areas on the same latitude due to the existing effect of the sea breezes. By the time the sea breezes. By the time the sea breezes reach inland areas they have adapted to the temperature of the land for which are passing. During the cold season the effects is reversed.
Ocean currents
When winds are on shore warm ocean currents have a warming effect on the adjacent coasts./ Lead to higher rainfall than inland areas/ cool ocean currents have a cooling effects/ drying effect on the adjacent coastlands.
Wind/Air Masses
Warm/ cool winds bring a warming/ cooling influences to a place if they come from a warm / cool zone. Areas under the influence of dry winds have little or no rainfall/ areas under moist winds are usually wet.
Aspect
In the northern hemisphere outside the tropics the non facing slopes are cooler than the south- facing slopes because they do not receive direct solar isolation. (The reverse is true for the southern hemisphere). Windward slopes are generally wetter than leeward slopes because the moisture- laden winds rise and drop their moisture on this side first.

(c) You intend to carry a field study on the weather experienced in the locality of your school
(i) State three ways in which you would prepare for the study

Formulate objectives of the study/ hypothesis
Reading from secondary sources
Carry out a reconnaissance to ensure that the instruments are in a working conditions/ are in their right position
Seek permission from the relevant authority
Procure appropriate stationary
Prepare a table for recording data
Procure the instrument
(any 3 x 1 = 3 mks)

(ii) Describe how you would use the following instruments during the study
A rain gauge (Used to collect rain water)
Maximum and minimum thermometer

A rain gauge

Used to collect rain water
Take the rain water which has collected in the jar/ bottle
Pour the water in the measuring / graduated cylinder
Take the reading
Record the reading in a book / or table (2 mks)

Maximum and minimum thermometer

Used to record/ measure maximum and minimum temperature in a day
Be at the station at the convectional time for taking records
Read the position of the metal indices for both maximum and minimum temperature
Record the readings in a book or table
Reset the thermometer using a magnet (3mks)

(iii) State three advantages of studying the weather through
fieldwork

It enables students collects first hand information
Students develop skills of weather observation
Students are able to make their own records of weather
Students are able to apply knowledge learned from books/ classrooms in the field
They’ll appreciate the usefulness of weather instruments

Describe the climate conditions experienced in the Kenya highlands

22/1/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 1997 Section B Question 7.

a) Draw sketch map of Kenya on it, mark and name the

(i) Lake Turkana (1mk)
(ii) River Athi (1mk)
(iii) Mount Kenya (1mk)
(iv) The equator (1mk)

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Differentiate between weather and climate

21/1/2021

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a) Differentiate between weather and climate (2 mks)

Weather is the atmospheric conditions of a place over a short period of time, usually twenty- four hours , whereas climate is the average weather conditions of a given place over along period of time, usually 30-35 yrs.

The graph below shows climatic characteristics of a station in Kenya. Use it to answer the following questions

i) Calculate the annual range temperature. (1mk)

The annual range of temperature is 15⁰C

ii) Calculate the total amount of rainfall received at the station (1mk)

Total amount of rainfall is 1300mm

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