a) i) State two causes of water pollution.

ii) Give two effects of water pollution on the environment 

​a) (i) Name three international airports in Kenya. 

​(ii) Give four advantages of air transport over road transport.

​a) i) What is forestry? 

​ii) Explain three factors that favour the growth of natural forests on the slopes of Mt. Kenya. 

a) Name three agricultural food processing industries in Kenya. 

b) Explain how the following factors have favoured the development of industries in Thika town:

The photograph provided shows a tea growing area in Kenya. Use it to answer questions (a) and (b)

​a) (i) What evidence in the photograph shows that this is a ground genera-view type of photograph? 

(ii) Draw a rectangle measuring 15cm by 10cm to represent the area of the photograph. On it sketch and label the main features shown on the photograph. 

​(iii) Identify two features from the photograph that show that this is a small scale tea farm. 

a) Apart from HIV and AIDS. Give two other causes of mortality in East Africa.

​b) State two ways in which the spread of HIV and AIDS in Kenya may slow down economic development.

​Below is a sketch map showing part of the great Lakes and St. Lawrence Sea way. Use it to answer question (a).

​a) Name
(i) the port marked P. 

(ii) the canal marked Q 

​(iii) the lake marked R 

​b) State three ways in which the great lakes and st. Lawrence Sea way has contributed to the growth of industries in the region.

​The table below shows petroleum production in thousand barrels per day for countries in the Middle East in April 2006. Use it to answer question (a)

​a) (i) What is the difference in production between the highest and the lowest producer

​(ii) What is the total amount of petroleum produced in April 2006 in the region? 

​iii)Calculate the average daily petroleum production for Kuwait for April 2006

a) State two climatic conditions that favour the growing of oil palm in Nigeria. 

b) Give two problems experienced in the marketing of palm oil oil in Nigeria.

a) Name two exotic breeds of dairy cattle reared in Kenya. 

b) State three physical conditions that favour dairy farming in Denmark 

​ (a) (i) What is the difference between weathering and mass wasting?

(ii) Apart from plants, give three other factors that influence the rate of weathering

​(iii) Explain two ways in which plants cause weathering 

​(a) Give three processes that lead to formation of lakes 

​(b) (i) Describe how lake Victoria was formed 

(ii) Explain how lake Victoria influences the climate of the surrounding areas 

​(a) (i) What is climate? 

​(ii) Explain two effects of climate change on the physical environment 

(b) The table below shows rainfall and temperature figures of station in Africa

​(i) On the graph paper provided, draw a bar graph to represent the rainfall figure. ( Use a vertical scale of 1 cm to represent 10mm) 

(a) Describe the following characteristics of minerals

(b) (i) Give two types of igneous rocks 

​(ii) Explain three conditions necessary for the growth of coral polyps 

(a) (i) What is the bearing of the peak of Mwatunga hill in grid square 3214 from the water tank in grid square 2619? 

​(ii) What is the length in kilometers of the section of the Mwatate – Voi railway line in the south – eastern part of the map? 

(b) Draw a rectangle measuring 16cm by 12 cm to represents the area enclosed by the Eastings 24 and 40 and Northings 20 and 30 
On the rectangle, mark and name the following features: