GEOGRAPHY TOPICAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS - ATIKA SCHOOL

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Explain how the following environment hazards impact on human activities

7/10/2021

i) Floods

Loss of human lives
Destruction of properties and infrastructure
Soil erosion – Poor crop yields
Spread of pests and diseases.

ii) Earthquakes

Destruction of properties & infrastructure
Loss of human lives
Cause flooding and Tsunamis
Fire outbreaks

Identify three types of pollution

7/10/2021

Three types of pollution

Soil
Water
Air
Sound / Noise
Land
Radiation

Explain four reasons as to why it is important to conserve and manage the environment

7/10/2021

The importance of environmental conservation and management

Protection of endangered species
Economic value
Food supply
Aesthetic value
Protection of water catchment areas
To reduce pollution
Proper utilization of resources.

Define the term environment

7/10/2021

Define the term environment

This refers to all external conditions that surround human beings including atmosphere, water, vegetation, soils and animals.

Differentiate between renewable and non renewable sources of energy

7/10/2021

Difference of renewable and non-renewable sources of energy.

Renewable sources	Non renewable
are those that are continuously replaced or regenerated e.g. solar, H.E.P, Wind, Tidal, Wave Biomass, wood and charcoal.	sources are those that are finite or cannot be regenerated. They are exhaustible e.g petroleum (fossil fuel), natural gas and coal and uranium

Apart from water and air pollution, name two other types of pollution

1/3/2021

KCSE Geography Paper 2 2001 Section B Question 9.

(a) (i) Apart from water and air pollution, name two other types of pollution.

Land pollution/ soil. Ground
Noise pollution/ sound
Thermal pollution
Radiation

(ii) Identify three ways through which water is polluted

Discharge of industrial waste/ oil spillage/ radioactive waste into water bodies
Disposal of domestic waste into water bodies
Discharge of agriculture chemicals into rivers/ lakes by rain water
Discharge of raw sewage into water bodies
Abuse of water bodies by human beings
Natural causes e.g. soil erosion/ terrestrial gas

(iii) Explain three effects of air pollution on the environment

Gases emitted from some factories contain substances which corrode roofs of houses and mental structures
Some gases from factories contain substances which dissolve in water to form acid which make plants maim or kill animals
Inhalation for smoke and soot particles / bad smell lead to discomfort / irritation of the respiratory system / discolouring of vegetable / building.
Gases emitted from factories may contain poisonous substance which can lead to poor health / death when inhaled /plant leaves turn yellow.
Gases / excess carbon dioxide increases the temperature affecting the climate of the affected areas / depletion of O – Zone layer.
Smoke / dust / smog reduces visibility which way lead to motor accidents.
Dust particles that settles on leaves inhibits photosynthesis

(a) (i) Apart from water and air pollution, name two other types of pollution (ii) Identify three ways through which water is polluted (iii) Explain three effects of air pollution on the environment (b) (i) Explain three factors that lead to frequent flooding in the lake region of Kenya (ii) Explain two ways through which floods are controlled in the lake region of Kenya (c) State four effects of wind as an environmental hazard in Kenya

Reasons why it is necessary for Kenya to conserve her environment and human activities that may be lead to soil erosion

27/2/2021

KCSE Geography Paper 2 2000 Section A Question 2 with Answers.

(a) State two human activities that may be lead to soil erosion

Devegetation clearing of vegetation/ deforestation
Overgrazing/ overstocking
Fire outbreak
Over cropping / monocropping/ monoculture
Ploughing across the contours/ up-down the slope ( along slope)
Mining/ quarrying
Cultivating along banks

Why is it necessary to conserve water?

26/2/2021

KCSE Geography Paper 2 2003 Section A Question 4.

a) Why is it necessary to conserve water?

To ensure that there is supply for present and future generations
To maintain hydrological balance.

b) How does terracing help in water conservation?

By reducing surface runoff which ensures that rainwater seeps slowly into the ground.

a) Why is it necessary to conserve water? b) How does terracing help in water conservation?

Name three physical regions through which River Tana passes

24/2/2021

KCSE Geography Paper 2 2004 Section B Question 8.

a) i) Name three physical regions through which River Tana passes .

Central highlands
The Nyika Plateau
Coastal lowlands/ plains

ii) Explain three effects of land pollution can be controlled

The stagnant water become breeding ground for vectors that cause water related diseases.
Flood causes loss of property/ lives
Floods away crops leading to food shortages/ Famine
Floods wash away bridges/ roads/ telephone lines/ Air fields
Disrupting transport and communication
People are displaces by floods/ are made homeless

b) State four ways through which land pollution can be controlled

Burning waste materials
Digging pits for throwing rubbish
Minimizing use of harmful chemicals/ sue of organic manure
Creating awareness on the dangers of land pollution and how to control it.
Recycling of waste materials/ treatment of industrial waste
Government legislation against dumping.
Setting up proper garbage collection/ management program.

Name three physical regions through which River Tana passes ii) Explain thee effects of land pollution can be controlled b) State four ways through which land pollution can be controlled

State four ways in which drought affects the agricultural sector in Kenya

21/2/2021

KCSE Geography Paper 2 2005 Section A Question 4.

State four ways in which drought affects the agricultural sector in Kenya

Leads to shortage / lack pasture
Leads to crop failure
Leads to shortage/ lack of water for livestock / irrigation
Leads to shortage of agricultural raw materials for agro- based industries
Leads to reduction in export of agricultural commodities in the farmers income

State four ways in which drought affects the agricultural sector in Kenya

State two causes of water pollution.

18/2/2021

KCSE Geography Paper 2 2007 Section B Question 10.

a) i) State two causes of water pollution.

Oil leaks from ships/ trucks
Industrial effluent when discharged into rivers/ lakes
Washing away ( into rivers and lakes) chemical/ fertilizers/ pesticides/ insecticides
Washing/ bathing/ watering animals in rivers/ lakes
Disposing of raw sewages into rivers/ lakes
Surface turnoff/ soil erosion into water depositing silt
Dumping of solid waste into water courses

ii) Give two effects of water pollution on the environment

It may cause death of aquatic life
It destroys aesthetic/ beauty of beach/ water bodies
It leads to spread of waterborne diseases
Causes foul smell
Results to eutrophictaion/ water hyacinth/ water weeds/ alga

a) i) State two causes of water pollution. ii) Give two effects of water pollution on the environment b) Explain four methods used to control floods on rivers in Kenya. c) Explain how the following soil conservation methods improve the quality of soil:

Apart from windstorms name two other environmental hazards associated with climatic conditions.

15/2/2021

KCSE Geography Paper 2 2009 Section A Question 5.

(a)Apart from windstorms name two other environmental hazards associated with climatic conditions.

Lighting
Floods
Drought/desertification
Landslides
Heat waves

(b)State three problems caused by windstorms in Kenya

Windstorms destroy trees and crops
They blow off roofs of houses
They disrupt transport and communication lines
They spread bush fires
They cause strong sea storms
Accelerate erosion

(a)Apart from windstorms name two other environmental hazards associated with climatic conditions. (b)State three problems caused by windstorms in Kenya

Identify two methods used to control tsetse flies in Kenya.

7/2/2021

KCSE Geography Paper 2 2012 Section A Question 5.

(a) Identify two methods used to control tsetse flies in Kenya.

Trapping
Use of chemicals
Clearing bushes
Sterilising males
Creating Buffer zones.

(b) State three negative effects of uncollected garbage on the environment.

Garbage heaps are unattractive/ugly/eyesore
Garbage produces foul smell
Garbage washed into water surfaces causes pollution/cause soil pollution
Organisms that thrives in garbage may transmit diseases
Some wastes may cause injury
Block drainage system
Cause obstruction on roads/pavements.

(b) State three negative effects of uncollected garbage on the environment.

What is environmental management?

3/2/2021

KCSE Geography Paper 2 2014 Section B Question 10.

(a) What is environmental management?

These are measures/controls taken to ensure sustainable utilisation of resources in a given environment/The planning and implementation of effective and proper utilization of the available resources in the environment.

(i) Explain four negative effects of floods.

Flooding leads to loss of life/destruction of property thereby causing human suffering/misery.
It causes destruction of vegetation on slopes thereby enhancing soil erosion.
It creates pools of water on the land surface forming breeding grounds for pests which causes diseases to people/animals.
It leads to water logging/leaching hence causing soil infertility.
It leads to destruction of aquatic habitats hence reduced fish production.
It causes flooding of settlements thereby leading to new temporary homes/displacement.
It destroys transport/communication network thereby hindering movement of goods/services.
Hoods pollutes sources of water/land which causes water borne diseases/eyesore.
Hoods wash away crops resulting in food shortage.

(a) What is environmental management? (i) Explain four negative effects of floods. (ii) State two measures being taken to control lightning. (c)Explain the significance of conserving the environment. (d)Your Geography class carried out a field work on floods along a river.

Define the term environment.

1/2/2021

KCSE Geography Paper 2 2015 Section A Question 1.

(a) Define the term environment.

is the sum of all the external conditions/influences affecting the life/development of organisms.

(b) Give three effects of air pollution in major urban centres.

causes poor visibility/haze/smog
causes respiratory diseases/skin cancer in humans
leads to acidic rain
causes increase in air temperature
causes stunted growth in plants

(a) Define the term environment. (b) Give three effects of air pollution in major urban centres.

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