GEOGRAPHY TOPICAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Apart from water and air pollution, name two other types of pollution

1/3/2021

0 Comments

KCSE Geography Paper 2 2001 Section B Question 9.

(a) (i) Apart from water and air pollution, name two other types of pollution.

Land pollution/ soil. Ground
Noise pollution/ sound
Thermal pollution
Radiation

(ii) Identify three ways through which water is polluted

Discharge of industrial waste/ oil spillage/ radioactive waste into water bodies
Disposal of domestic waste into water bodies
Discharge of agriculture chemicals into rivers/ lakes by rain water
Discharge of raw sewage into water bodies
Abuse of water bodies by human beings
Natural causes e.g. soil erosion/ terrestrial gas

(iii) Explain three effects of air pollution on the environment

Gases emitted from some factories contain substances which corrode roofs of houses and mental structures
Some gases from factories contain substances which dissolve in water to form acid which make plants maim or kill animals
Inhalation for smoke and soot particles / bad smell lead to discomfort / irritation of the respiratory system / discolouring of vegetable / building.
Gases emitted from factories may contain poisonous substance which can lead to poor health / death when inhaled /plant leaves turn yellow.
Gases / excess carbon dioxide increases the temperature affecting the climate of the affected areas / depletion of O – Zone layer.
Smoke / dust / smog reduces visibility which way lead to motor accidents.
Dust particles that settles on leaves inhibits photosynthesis

(a) (i) Apart from water and air pollution, name two other types of pollution (ii) Identify three ways through which water is polluted (iii) Explain three effects of air pollution on the environment (b) (i) Explain three factors that lead to frequent flooding in the lake region of Kenya (ii) Explain two ways through which floods are controlled in the lake region of Kenya (c) State four effects of wind as an environmental hazard in Kenya

0 Comments

Below a sketch of the map of the great lakes- St. Lawrence Seaway. Use it to answer question (a)

1/3/2021

0 Comments

KCSE Geography Paper 2 2001 Section B Question 8.

Below a sketch of the map of the great lakes- St. Lawrence Seaway. Use it to answer question (a).

(a) Name (i) The lake marked L

Lake Superior

(ii) The waterfall marked M

Niagara falls

0 Comments

Explain four problems that Mombasa experiences as it grows

1/3/2021

0 Comments

KCSE Geography Paper 2 2001 Section B Question 7.

Use the map of East Africa below to answer questions

(c) Compare the ports of Mombasa and Rotterdam under the following subheadings (i) Transport links to the interior (ii) Mechanization of the ports (iii) Size of the ports (iv) Climate experienced at the ports

(a) Name the towns marked P,Q and R

P – Kampala
Q – Nakuru
R- Dar – el- Salaam

(b) (i) Explain three physical factors that influence the location of Mombasa

Its strategic position of the East coast of Africa was an ideal calling point for traders to and from the far East
The island provides a good defensive site against external threats
The flat land was ideal for construction of buildings
The deep water on Mombasa and Kilindini channels provided a natural harbour for traders
Rivers Mwachi / Kombeni provided fresh water for domestic use
The coral limestone found in the area was used as building stones for houses

0 Comments

Study the photograph below and use it to answer questions (a)

1/3/2021

0 Comments

KCSE Geography Paper 2 2001 Section B Question 6.

Study the photograph below and use it to answer questions (a)

(a) (i) Name the type of photograph shown

Ground photograph/ ground general view

(ii) Draw a rectangle measuring 15cm to 10cm to represent the area of photograph.

0 Comments

Give three effects of liberalization of the oil industry in Kenya.

1/3/2021

0 Comments

KCSE Geography Paper 2 2001 Section A Question 5.

Give three effects of liberalization of the oil industry in Kenya.

It has created variation in prices of petroleum products
It has led to mushrooming of many petroleum products dealers
It has encouraged importation of refined petroleum products
It has caused frequent price adjustments by oil dealers
It has created widespread availability of petroleum products

0 Comments

Name two districts in the rift valley province of Kenya where Merino sheep are reared

1/3/2021

0 Comments

KCSE Geography Paper 2 2001 Section A Question 4.

(a) Name two districts in the rift valley province of Kenya where Merino sheep are reared.

Nakuru
Trans Nzoia
Laikipia
Narok
Koibatek/ Baringo
Uasin Gishu
Marakwet

(b) Compare sheep farming between Kenya and Australia.

In Kenya farming is done on small scale whereas in Australia it is on a large scale
In Australia Sheep are reared to provide mutton/ wool mainly for export while in Kenya it is mainly for local consumption
In Australia, Shearing is highly mechanized, while in Kenya it is mainly manual

0 Comments

State three physical problems experienced by farms at Mwea- Tembere irrigation

1/3/2021

0 Comments

KCSE Geography Paper 2 2001 Section A Question 3.

(a) State three physical problems experienced by farms at Mwea- Tembere irrigation.

Incidences of water- borne diseases, bilharzias
Pest infestation which lowers production, quelea birds
Water weeds which compete with the rice for nutrients rhizomes
Silting in the canals reduces the amount of water
Low water levels in the rivers during the dry season

(b) Outline methods that were used to rehabilitate land in the Tennessee valley in the United States of America (USA).

Planting of trees/ afforestation/ deforestation
Planting to cover crops/ grass
Building dams/ reservoirs
Filling up gullies with brushwood
Introduction of modern methods of farming- Terracing/ contour ploughing/ use of fertilizer/ crop protection/ crop rotation/ strip cropping

(a) State three physical problems experienced by farms at Mwea- Tembere irrigation (b) Outline methods that were used to rehabilitate land in the Tennessee valley in the United States of America (USA)

0 Comments

Name two cash crops grown in plantations in the highlands east of the valley

1/3/2021

0 Comments

KCSE Geography Paper 2 2001 Section A Question 2.

(a) Name two cash crops grown in plantations in the highlands east of the valley

Tea
Coffee
Pineapples
Flowers
Rice
Wheat
Barley

(b) Give three physical conditions that are necessary for the growth of cloves

Heavy rainfall between 1270 – 2500mm per year
Well distributed rainfall – throughout the year/ rainfall throughout the year
High temperatures between 28-30C
Deep soils
Well – drained soils
Light sandy soils
High humidity
Low altitude

(a) Name two cash crops grown in plantations in the highlands east of the valley (b) Give three physical conditions that are necessary for the growth of cloves

0 Comments

The bar graphs show the value of trade between Kenya and other countries for the year 1995,1996 and 1997. Use it to answer question (a)

1/3/2021

0 Comments

KCSE Geography Paper 2 2001 Section A Question 1.

The bar graphs show the value of trade between Kenya and other countries for the year 1995,1996 and 1997. Use it to answer question (a).

SOURCE OF DATA: STATISTICAL ABSTRACT ( K) 1998

a) (i) Name the type of bar shown above

Comparative bar graph / group/ multiple/ Composite

(ii) Calculate the cumulative differences in value between Kenya and other countries

Exports 3.8 + 4.9 + 4.9 = 13.6 k billion
Imports 6.7 + 7.4+ 8.5 = 22.6 k billion
Difference 22.6 – 13.6 = 9 K billion
Calculation 1
13.6 – 22.6 = -9.0

(b) Give two reasons why there is an imbalance of trade between Kenya and other countries

Kenya exports mainly agricultural raw materials which are a low value and imports manufactured goods which are of high value
The agricultural goods exported from Kenya face stiff competition in the world and imposed quota systems in the world market which leads to reduce sales and less earnings
Some of the goods exported are of low quality hence generate earnings
Semi processed goods earns less

0 Comments

Name three components of soil

1/3/2021

0 Comments

KCSE Geography Paper 1 2001 Section B Question 9.

(a) Name three components of soil.

Air/ gases
Water/ moisture
Organic matter minerals
Inorganic matter/ minerals

(b) Explain how the following factors influence the formation of soil
(i) Climate
(ii) Topography

(i) Climate

Rainfall provides water which make it possible for rocks to decay/ disintegrate to form soil
Rainfall can affect the rate at which some soil forming processes can occur e.g leaching
High temperature increase the rate of weathering/ accelerate the rate of bacterial activities which generates some of the organic matter in the soil
Water, ice and winds, erode, transport and deposit soil particle in other area leading to the formation of new soil ( e.g losses)

(ii) Topography

Valley bottoms/ gentle slopes encourage the formation of deep and fertile soils due to deposition accumulation of materials
Steep slopes encourages erosion of the top layer of soil that slowing down formation of soil / have a thin soils
Flat plains/ flood plains are saturated with water therefore slows down forming process
Slow influence arrangement/ sequence of soil
Slopes scopes are more exposed to the sun/ rain which influence weathering of parents rock/ soil forms

(c)(i) State two economic uses of soil

Soils are sources of valuable minerals
Soils are used as raw materials for pottery/ ceramics/ bricks
Soils are used in building/ construction of industry
Soils are used for agriculture
Some soils are mixed with herbs for medicine purposes
Used directly as cattle lick

(a) Name three components of soil (b) Explain how the following factors influence the formation of soil (i) Climate (ii) Topography (c)(i) State two economic uses of soil (ii) Explain four ways in which human activities contribute to soil erosion (d) Describe how the following types of erosion occur (i) Sheet erosion (ii) Gully erosion

0 Comments

Name two types of submerge coasts

1/3/2021

0 Comments

KCSE Geography Paper 1 2001 Section B Question 8.

(a) Name two types of submerge coasts

Fiord/ fjard/ fyord
Dalmattan / Longitudinal
Estuarine
Ria

(b) Explain how the following factors determine the effectiveness of wave erosion along a coast
(i) Nature of the material transported by waves

Hard rocks carried by waves increase the erosive power of the waves as they hit against the coast
Heavy pieces of rocks carried by waves hit against the cliffs thus weakening the wall making it susceptible to wave erosion

(ii) Nature of the coastal rocks

A coat made of soft rocks wears away easily when subjected to sea waves
Well jointed / fractured/ unconsolidated rock enhances erosion by waves along the line of weakness
Where rocks are soluble or made of limestone/ chalk they are easily eroded through solution process

(c) With the aid of labeled diagrams, describe the process through which a stack is formed

(a) Name two types of submerge coasts (b) Explain how the following factors determine the effectiveness of wave erosion along a coast (i) Nature of the material transported by waves (ii) Nature of the coastal rocks (c) With the aid of labeled diagrams, describe the process through which a stack is formed (d) (i) State four conditions that favour the growth of coral (ii) Explain three ways in which coral contributes to the economic development of Kenya.

0 Comments

What is a rock?

1/3/2021

0 Comments

KCSE Geography Paper 1 2001 Section B Question 7.

(a)(i) What is a rock?

A rock is a substance made up of a mineral / combination of mineral particle cemented together and forms the solid part of the earth’s crust.

(ii) Describe three ways through which sedimentary rocks are formed
Mechanically formed
Organically formed
Chemically formed

Mechanically Formed

These rocks are formed when eroded rock materials are transported by agents of erosion and deposited in layers either on land or in the sea

Organically formed

These rocks are formed when remains of previously existing plants or animals organizations are accumulated over a period of time forming layers

Chemically formed

These are formed when rocks are precipitated or when solutions of salt evaporate and particles accumulate in layers.

(b) Describe two process through which sedimentary rocks change into metamorphic rocks

When the weight of the overlying rock layers creates pressure on the lower layers it leads to change in structure/ grain alignment of the rocks. This process is known as dynamic
During volcanic eruptions, hot magma/ liquids may intrude into a sedimentary rock. The rock grains will re-crystallize due to heat to form new minerals. This process is known as thermal/ contact metamorphisms
In the mountain building process, sedimentary rocks are compressed and due to this pressure heat is generated. This heat modifies the structure of the original rocks.

(a)(i) What is a rock? (ii) Describe three ways through which sedimentary rocks are formed (b) Describe two process through which sedimentary rocks changer into metamorphic rocks (c) Give an example of each of the following types of igneous rocks (d) Suppose you were to carry out a field study of rocks within the vicinity of your school (i) Name three secondary sources of information you would use to prepare for the field study (ii) State four activities you would carry during the filed study

0 Comments

Study the map of Kijabe 1: 50,000 provided and answer the following questions:

1/3/2021

0 Comments

KCSE Geography Paper 1 2001 Section B Question 6.

(i) What is the appropriate height of the top of Kijabe hill?

Between 2660 and 2680 above sea level

(ii) Measure the length of Nairobi – Naivasha railway line from landhies (grid reference 257978) to the level crossing near Kijabe station ( grid reference 308984). Give your answer in kilometers.

5.6 km (0.1) (5.5 – 5.7 Km)

(iii) What relief feature on the map may have created problems in the construction of the railway line?

Escarpment steep slopes / Kijabe hill

0 Comments

What are natural levees?

1/3/2021

0 Comments

KCSE Geography Paper 1 2001 Section A Question 5.

(a) What are natural levees?

They are river embankments/ raised rivers banks made of alluvial deposits ( on the sides of a river channel within the flood plain)

(b) The diagrams below shows a section of a river. Use it to answer the questions that Follow.

(i) At what stage development is this section of the river?

Old stage / senile stage / plain stage

0 Comments

State three climatic conditions experienced in the Sahara desert

1/3/2021

0 Comments

KCSE Geography Paper 1 2001 Section A Question 4.

(a) State three climatic conditions experienced in the Sahara desert

Rainfall is low/ below 250mm per year / dry climate
Rainfall is erratic/ flash floods and sporadic rain/ unreliable
Temperature are high throughout the year/ over 300C/ hot climate
Intense solar radiation
The diurnal range of temperature is very large/ very hot days and cool and nights
High rate of evaporation
Skies are always cloudless/ clear sunny days/ high terrestrial/ radiation

(b)State three ways in which plants adapt to hot desert conditions

Some have long roots to tap underground water
Some have small waxy leaves to reduce transpiration
Some trees shed their leaves during dry seasons
Some plants have thick barks stems/ leaves to sore water
Some plants produce seeds that lie dormant awaiting rains
Some trees are umbrella- shaped to produce shade to the stem roots
Some plants have quick recovery ability after wilting
Some are halophytic/ salt tolerant to survive in areas of poor drainage

0 Comments

<<Previous