GEOGRAPHY TOPICAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Give five reasons why the development of the Jua Kali industry is encouraged in Kenya.

31/1/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 1998 Section A Question 8.

(a) (i) What is industrialization (2mks)

It is the process of change from primary to secondary and tertiary production/settling up of more industries

(ii) Name a town in Kenya where each of the following industries are located

Oil refining ( 1mk)
Oil refining - Mombasa
Paper manufacturing ( 1mk)
Paper manufacturing – Webuye
Motor vehicle assembly ( 1mk)
Motor vehicle assemble – Nairobi / Mombasa/ Thika

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Explain three conditions that favour wheat farming in Kenya

31/1/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 1998 Section B Question 9.

World wheat production by regions

(a) Draw a pie chart to illustrate the information given above. ( 5mks)

World wheat production by regions pie chart

(b) Name
(i) Two districts in Kenya where wheat is grown on commercial scale ( 2 mks)

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What is soil conservation?, State three farming methods that assist in soil conservation

31/1/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 1998 Section A Question 5.

(a) What is soil conservation?

(a) It is a careful management/ protection of soil against erosion/ exhaustion

Building Gabions is one way of conserving soil

(b) State three farming methods that assist in soil conservation

Ploughing along the contour
Controlling grazing
strip cropping
Making terraces
Digging cut off drains/ trenches/furrows across the slope
Planting cover crops
Mixed cropping/ intercropping
Agro- forestry
Following field rotation
Crop rotation
Mulching
Adding fertilizer/ manure

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Explain five factors that limit the exploitation of tropical rain forest in Africa.

31/1/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 1998 Section B Question 6.

Study the photograph below and answer question (a)

(a) (i) Draw a rectangle 16cm by 10 cm to represent then area of the Photograph

On the rectangle, show the following
- the railway line ( 1 mk)
- Cultivated land ( 1mk)

rectangle 16cm by 10 cm to represent then area of the Photograph

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List four problems that are experienced in pyrethrum farming in Kenya

31/1/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 1998 Section A Question 4.

List four problems that are experienced in pyrethrum farming in Kenya

Pyrethrum flowers

Expensive farm inputs/ inadequate capital/ insufficient capital fluctuating prices
Delayed payments
Prolonged droughts/ unfavourable weather conditions/ heavy rainfall/ frost/ hailstorm/ unreliable rainfall
Pests/ diseases
Pool payments based on pyrethrum content
Mismanagement of funds

Explain four ways in which mining contributes to the economy of Kenya

31/1/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 1998 Section B Question 7.

Use the map of Africa below to answer questions (a)

map of Africa

(a) name:
(i) The main minerals mined in the shaded area marked L,M,N (3 mks)

L- Iron Ore/ Iron
M- Bauxite/ Gold
N- Copper

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Give three reasons why road transport is used more than air transport in East Africa

31/1/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 1998 Section A Question 3.

(a) Give three reasons why road transport is used more than air transport in East Africa

Motor vehicles are cheaper to buy and maintain than crafts
Road transport is more flexible than air transport/ road leads everywhere / carry people/ goods from one place to another
Construction of roads is cheaper than that of airports
Fares/ freight charges are lower than that of air transport
Skills require to operate aircraft are higher and rare than those required to operate motor vehicles.

Simba Matatu a member of Modern Premium Sacco finding some space to park. These matatus vie Kisii - Keroka route. Fare from Kisii to Nairobi via Matatu is at least Ksh. 1000 - 2000 depending on season and air flight fare starts from Ksh. 5000 at minimum.

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What is urbanization, State three factors which have led to the development of Mombasa as a major sea port in the region.

30/1/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 1998 Section A Question 1.

(a) what is urbanization?

It is the process whereby an increasing of the total population in a country settles in Towns, changes from primary to secondary and tertiary production
Growth of town in number and size/ process by which population is transferred from rural based agricultural life style to urban based life

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Use diagrams to describe the formation of fold mountains and explain four ways in which fold Mountains influence human activities

30/1/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 1998 Section B Question 9.

1.(a) On the out line map of Africa provide, name the features marked X,Y and Z

X- Atlas Mountains
Y- Cape ranges
Z- Ethiopian Highlands (3 mks)

(b) (i) Name four folds

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Study the map of Mariakani (1:50,000 sheet 197/4) provided and answer the following questions

30/1/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 1998 Section B Question 6.

Study the map of Mariakani (1:50,000 sheet 197/4) provided and answer the following questions

(a) (i) What type of map is Mariakani sheet?

(a) Topographical map ( 1 mk)

(ii) From the marginal information, identify the two districts covered by the map

(ii) Kilifi and Kwale ( 2 mks)

(iii) Calculate the area of Mavirivirini sub- location. Give your answer in square kilometers.

(iii) = 39km² + 1

=38.0 – 40.0 km² ( 2 mks)

(b) Citing evidence from the map, explain three factors that favour cattle rearing in Mariakani area.

Availability of water for cattle from rivers,
e.g. Ngoni (any one named receiver) from seasonal swamps e.g. around Kinangop / South Samburu, from piped water (water pipeline) from dams/ water reservoirs e.g. near Mariakani town/ from waterholes and water tanks e.g. around Mariakani town / wells
Availability of suitable vegetation/ pasture for animals. The sqeub thicket.
Availability of veterinary services for improved animal husbandry e.g. veterinary investigation laboratory/ cattle dips/ animal research station around Mariakani.
Large tracts of land with sparse settlement providing extensive area for grazing, particularly in the central and western parts of the area.
Availability of transport evidence- roads/ railways, movable tracts gently sloping land

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State three conditions that are necessary for the formation of delta

28/1/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 1998 Section A Question 4.

(a) Name the type of delta found at the mouth of:

(i) River Nile

Arcuate delta

(ii) River Omo

Bird’s foot/ digitate

(b) State three conditions that are necessary for the formation of delta

Slow moving water at the mouth of a river/ gentle slope at the mouth
Shallow shore
Absence of obstacles/ filters in the river cause
Large amounts of silt in the river
Calm sea/ absence of strong coastal waves/ deposition faster than removal

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Name three external land forming processes that leads to the formation of lakes

28/1/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 1998 Section A Question 5.

(a) Name three external land forming processes that leads to the formation of lakes

Weathering solution in limestone area
Deposition/ by water/ ice
Erosion / by wind/ ice
Meteorite falling
Human activities/ damming/ blowing up of land with explosives
Mass movement

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State three causes of earthquakes, Give two effects of earthquakes in built up areas

27/1/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 1998 Section A Question 3.

(a) State three causes of earthquakes

Collision between tectonic plates
Faulting/ cracking rocks
Movement of magma within the crust/ violent and volcanic eruption
Adjustment of rocks as a result of stress e.g. caused by folding
Isostatic adjustment Any 3 x 1 ( 3 mks)
Excessive energy release within the mantle which is explosive
Gravitative pressure
Explosions caused by man e.g. yest

State three causes of earthquakes, Give two effects of earthquakes in built up areas

(b) Give two effects of earthquakes in built up areas

Collapsing/ cracking buildings
Loss of life ( human animal and plant)
Disruption of transport and communication lines
Outbreak of fires
Avalanches and landslides my cover the built up area
Tsunamis may drown coastal settlement

State three physical conditions necessary for the location of hydroelectric power dam

26/1/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 1998 Section A Question 2.

(a) State three physical conditions necessary for the location of hydroelectric power dam

The river should have:

A narrow valley/ gorge
Regular / reliable water supply
Large volume of water
A hard rock film foundation
Impervious rocks/ impermeable/ non – porous rocks
Water fall/ head of water/ steep gradient/ slope

(b) Apart from production of hydro- electric power, name two other benefits of Kariba dam

Kariba dam

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State three advantages of studying the weather through fieldwork and factors that influence climate

26/1/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 1998 Section B Question 8.

The graph below represents the climate of a station in Africa. Use it to answer question

(i) Describe the characteristics of the climate represented by the graph

Temperature are higher between September and March/ relatively low during April to August
Most of the rainfall is received during the warmer season/ cool season relatively dry/ single maximum R/F regime
The highest temperature are experienced in December (230C) / the lowest temperature range is large / 140 C
The highest rainfall is received in December (125mm) the lowest June to August ( 10mm)
There is no distinct dry month
Rainfall is low ( 6.55mm)

(ii) Describe the type of natural vegetation likely to be found in an area with the type of climate represented by the graph.

(iii) Scrub/ thicket/bush/ Shrubs

Grass is tall in the wetter areas and short in drier areas
The vegetation in mainly grass
Trees are only found along water courses/ trees scattered
Grass withers during the dry season/ winter but spouts at the beginning of wet season
Acacias
Umbrella shaped trees/ thorny trees

(b) Explain four factors that influence climate.

Latitude
Areas near the equator are hotter than those far away from the equator. This is due to a higher concentration of trees in rays per unit area at the equator. The amount of solar insulation decreases polewards since it passes through a longer distance of the atmosphere and therefore more interference.
Altitude
Lowlands are usually warmer than highlands because the atmosphere becomes thinner as the altitude increases where the ground loses heat to enter space faster. Atmosphere pressure decreases with increasing altitude. This is due to the weight of atmospheric air above highlands being less than in lowlands.
Distance from the sea/ continentally
During the hot season, coastal lands are relatively hotter than inland areas on the same latitude due to the existing effect of the sea breezes. By the time the sea breezes. By the time the sea breezes reach inland areas they have adapted to the temperature of the land for which are passing. During the cold season the effects is reversed.
Ocean currents
When winds are on shore warm ocean currents have a warming effect on the adjacent coasts./ Lead to higher rainfall than inland areas/ cool ocean currents have a cooling effects/ drying effect on the adjacent coastlands.
Wind/Air Masses
Warm/ cool winds bring a warming/ cooling influences to a place if they come from a warm / cool zone. Areas under the influence of dry winds have little or no rainfall/ areas under moist winds are usually wet.
Aspect
In the northern hemisphere outside the tropics the non facing slopes are cooler than the south- facing slopes because they do not receive direct solar isolation. (The reverse is true for the southern hemisphere). Windward slopes are generally wetter than leeward slopes because the moisture- laden winds rise and drop their moisture on this side first.

(c) You intend to carry a field study on the weather experienced in the locality of your school
(i) State three ways in which you would prepare for the study

Formulate objectives of the study/ hypothesis
Reading from secondary sources
Carry out a reconnaissance to ensure that the instruments are in a working conditions/ are in their right position
Seek permission from the relevant authority
Procure appropriate stationary
Prepare a table for recording data
Procure the instrument
(any 3 x 1 = 3 mks)

(ii) Describe how you would use the following instruments during the study
A rain gauge (Used to collect rain water)
Maximum and minimum thermometer

A rain gauge

Used to collect rain water
Take the rain water which has collected in the jar/ bottle
Pour the water in the measuring / graduated cylinder
Take the reading
Record the reading in a book / or table (2 mks)

Maximum and minimum thermometer

Used to record/ measure maximum and minimum temperature in a day
Be at the station at the convectional time for taking records
Read the position of the metal indices for both maximum and minimum temperature
Record the readings in a book or table
Reset the thermometer using a magnet (3mks)

(iii) State three advantages of studying the weather through
fieldwork

It enables students collects first hand information
Students develop skills of weather observation
Students are able to make their own records of weather
Students are able to apply knowledge learned from books/ classrooms in the field
They’ll appreciate the usefulness of weather instruments