GEOGRAPHY TOPICAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

What is a rock?

1/3/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2001 Section B Question 7.

(a)(i) What is a rock?

A rock is a substance made up of a mineral / combination of mineral particle cemented together and forms the solid part of the earth’s crust.

(ii) Describe three ways through which sedimentary rocks are formed
Mechanically formed
Organically formed
Chemically formed

Mechanically Formed

These rocks are formed when eroded rock materials are transported by agents of erosion and deposited in layers either on land or in the sea

Organically formed

These rocks are formed when remains of previously existing plants or animals organizations are accumulated over a period of time forming layers

Chemically formed

These are formed when rocks are precipitated or when solutions of salt evaporate and particles accumulate in layers.

(b) Describe two process through which sedimentary rocks change into metamorphic rocks

When the weight of the overlying rock layers creates pressure on the lower layers it leads to change in structure/ grain alignment of the rocks. This process is known as dynamic
During volcanic eruptions, hot magma/ liquids may intrude into a sedimentary rock. The rock grains will re-crystallize due to heat to form new minerals. This process is known as thermal/ contact metamorphisms
In the mountain building process, sedimentary rocks are compressed and due to this pressure heat is generated. This heat modifies the structure of the original rocks.

(a)(i) What is a rock? (ii) Describe three ways through which sedimentary rocks are formed (b) Describe two process through which sedimentary rocks changer into metamorphic rocks (c) Give an example of each of the following types of igneous rocks (d) Suppose you were to carry out a field study of rocks within the vicinity of your school (i) Name three secondary sources of information you would use to prepare for the field study (ii) State four activities you would carry during the filed study

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State two conditions that are necessary for the formation of fog.

1/3/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2001 Section A Question 2.

(a) State two conditions that are necessary for the formation of fog.

There must be clear sky/ absence of clouds ( to permit free terrestrial radiation)
There must be sufficient moisture in the air
The air must be cooled below dew point
The wind must be light/ calm

(b) The diagram below shows some types of clouds. Use it to answer the questions that follow.

(a) State two conditions that are necessary for the formation of fog. (b) The diagram below shows some types of clouds. Use it to answer the questions that follow. (i) Name the clouds marked R (ii) Give two weather conditions associated with cumulonimbus clouds

(i) Name the clouds marked R

R- Cumulus

(ii) Give two weather conditions associated with cumulonimbus clouds

Thunder and lighting
Hailstones
Heavy rainfall
Dark clouds

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Give the two dates in a year during which the number of hours of darkness is equal in both the north and south poles.

28/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2001 Section A Question 1.

(a) (i) Give the two dates in a year during which the number of hours of darkness is equal in both the north and south poles.

21st March and 23rd September

(ii) Why do the lengths of days and nights vary from one part of the earth to another?

Because earth is titled on its axis
Because of the apparent movement of the sun within the tropics
Because of the regulation of the earth

(b) The diagram below shows the revolution of the earth around the sun. Use it to answer the questions that follow

(a) (i) Give the two dates in a year during which the number of hours of darkness is equal in both the north and south poles. (ii) Why do the lengths of days and nights vary from one part of the earth to another? (b) The diagram below shows the revolution of the earth around the sun. Use it to answer the questions that follow (i) If the earth takes 366 days to make a complete revolution during a leap year, how long will it take to move from position 1 to position 4? (ii) What season is experienced in the southern hemisphere when the earth is in Position 1?

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Explain four problems, which Zambia experiences in the exportation of copper.

28/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2002 Section B Question 9.

Use the map of Africa to answer question (a) (i)

i) Name the minerals mined in the areas marked S, T and V.

S - Oil Petroleum
T - Bauxite/Gold
V -Diamond

ii) State two formation in which mineral ores occur.

Some minerals occur as evaporates
Other occur as evaporates
Some mineral occur as alluvial deposits/placer deposits
Some minerals are found in seams /beds

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What is the solar system?

26/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2002 Section A Question 5.

a) What is the solar system?

The solar system is the sun and the planets orbiting around it.

b) Use the diagram below to answer the questions that follow.

i) What type of eclipse is represented by the diagram?

Solar eclipse / eclipse of the sun.

ii) Name the features marked L and M

L – The moon
M-Umbra / moon shadow / lunar shadow.

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Volcanic features found in the rift valley of Kenya

26/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2000 Section B Question 7 with Answers.

(a) Differentiate between plutonic rocks and volcanic rocks

Volcanic rocks

Form from lava
Formed in surface
Cools rapidly
Forms small crystals
Fine textured

Plutonic rocks

Form from magma
Formed deep inside the crust/intrusive/ Extrusive
Cools slowly
Forms large cry/course grained
Coarse textured

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Name the type of rocks which results from the metamorphism of: Granite and Clay

24/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2003 Section A Question 5.

a) Name the type of rocks which results from the metamorphism of:
(i) Granite
(ii) Clay

(i) Granite - Gneiss
(ii) Clay - slate

b) Give two reasons why sedimentary rocks are widespread in the coastal plain of Kenya.

The costal plain is a lowland, which has facilitated deposition of sediments
The shallow continental shelf has conclusive environment for he formation of coral rocks

a) Name the type of rocks which results from the metamorphism of: (i) Granite (ii) Clay b) Give two reasons why sedimentary rocks are widespread in the coastal plain of Kenya.

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The diagram below show the occurrence of petroleum in the earth’s crust.Use it to answer questions (a)

24/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2004 Section A Question 2.

The diagram below show the occurrence of petroleum in the earth’s crust. Use it to answer questions (a)

a) Name the substances in the areas labeled L. M and N

L – gas
M – Oil / petroleum
N – Water

b) Give two by-products obtained when crude oil is refined

Wax
Bitumen / tar / asphalt
Sulphur
Lubricants / grease
Resin / petrol – chemicals

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Elements of weather that can be recorded at a school weather station

24/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2000 Section A Question 1 with Answers.

(a) Name two elements of weather that can be recorded at a school weather station

Temperature
Rainfall
Humidity
Wind
Atmospheric pressure
Cloud cover
Sunshine

(b) Give three reasons why the recording of data at a school weather station may be inaccurate

Use of defective instruments
Human error
Interference with the instrument
Poor siting of weather station
Extreme weather conditions
Natural calamities

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What is latitude?

23/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2004 Section A Question 2.

a) What is latitude?

It is the angular distance north or south of the equator. It is an imaginary parallel line drawn from west to east and measured in degrees north or south of the equator.

b) What is the time at Hola on 40°E when the time at Tema on 0° longitude is 12.00 noon?

The earth rotates 15° in 1 hour so Hola will be a head by: 40° 2hrs 40 mins 15° so it will be 2:40 pm at Hola

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Explain four ways in which soda ash contributes to the economy of Kenya

22/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2005 Section B Question 7.

Use the map of East Africa below to answer question (a) (i)

a) i) Identity the mineral mined in the areas marked W,Z ,X and Z

W- Fluospar
X- Gold
Y- Diamonds
Z- Copper

Name:
i) Three methods of mining

Underground /shaft/adit/slope/solution
Alluvial/placer/dredging/hydraulic
Opencast/strip

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State two characteristics of sedimentary rocks

21/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2005 Section A Question 3.

(a) State two characteristics of sedimentary rocks

They occur in layers called strata
They contain fossils
They are not crystalline in nature but are composed of particles of pre-existing rocks.

(b) Give two examples of chemically formed sedimentary rocks

Rock salt
Gypsum
Flint
Travertine / trona
Limonite
Hematite

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Name two theories of the origin of the earth

21/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2005 Section A Question 1.

(a) Name two theories of the origin of the earth

The passing star theory
The Nebula cloud theory

(b) Name four layers of the earth’s atmosphere

Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
thermosphere

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The diagram below shows the composition of the solar system

19/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2006 Section A Question 3.

The diagram below shows the composition of the solar system

(a) Name the planets marked F and G

F- Mars
G- Neptune

(b) State three effects of the rotation of the earth on its axis

It causes the occurrence of day and night
It causes deflection of winds and ocean currents
It causes the rising and falling of the ocean tides
It causes variation in time at difference longitudes
It causes difference in atmospheric pressure on the surface of the earth

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How does a sea breeze occur?

18/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2006 Section A Question 1.

(a) How does a sea breeze occur?

During the day, the land heats faster than the sea
The air over the land rises
Cooler air from the sea blows towards the land to replace the rising air
The cool air from the sea is called the sea breeze

(b) Use the map of Africa below to answer questions (b) (i)

(i) Name the ocean currents marked H,J, and K

H-Mozambique/Agulhas
J-Benguela
K-Guinea

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