​a) i) Name two types of rural settlement patterns. 

​ii) A part from urban-rural migration. Name two other types of migration.

​a) i) Name three physical regions through which River Tana passes .

​ii) Explain three effects of land pollution can be controlled

b) State four ways through which land pollution can be controlled

​Use the map of East Africa below to answer questions (s).

​a) (i) Name the railway terminuses marked P, Q R 

​(ii) In each case give the main commodity transported by the railway lines marked S and T.

​The table below shows four principal crops produced in Kenya in the years 2000 2001. Use it to answer question(a) and (b).

​a) (i) Using a scale of 1 cm to represent 50,000 metric tons, draw a simple comparative bar graph based on the data above. 

(ii) State two advantages of using comparative bar graphs

​b) Calculate the percentage increase in wheat production between the years 2000 and 2001. 

a) State three environmental conditions which favour commercial beef. farming in Kenya. 

b) Name two two exotic breeds of cattle reared in commercial ranches in Kenya.

a) Differentiate between manufacturing and tertiary industries 

b) State three factors that led to the growth of iron and steel industry in the Ruhr region of Germany 

a) A part from historical sites name two tourist attractions along the coastal strip of Kenya.

​b) Give three reasons why it is necessary to preserve historical sites

​The diagram below show the occurrence of petroleum in the earth’s crust. Use it to answer questions (a)

a) Name the substances in the areas labeled L. M and N ​

b) Give two by-products obtained when crude oil is refined 

a) List two factors that determine the distribution of forests in Kenya. 

​b) Give three economic uses of mangrove forests 

​The diagram below shows some intrusive features formed by vulcanicity. Use it to answer question (a)

​a) i) Name features marked X,Y, and Z 

​ii) Explain how a sill is formed 

​a) State four factors that determine the amount of surface run off .

​b) Describe three ways in which a river transports its load 

​c) Using a diagrams, describe the following drainage patterns
i) Dendritic 

ii) Trellis 

​iii) Centripetal 

​a) i) A part from the Rift Valley name two other relief features that were formed as result of faulting. 

​ii) With the aid of a well labeled diagram, describe how a Rift Valley is formed by tensional forces. 

​a) (i) give the latitude and longitude of the South west corner of the map extract. 

​(ii) What is the area of Tingwa Hill Forest? 

b) (i) name the planted vegetation in the area covered by the map 

a) What is a lake?

b) State three ways through which lakes are formed? 

a) What do you understand by:
(i) Microclimate?

​(ii) Green house effect?

b) Name three instruments to match three elements of weather that can be measured at a school weather station