GEOGRAPHY TOPICAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

In Kenya farming is done on small scale whereas in Australia it is on a large scale
In Australia Sheep are reared to provide mutton/ wool mainly for export while in Kenya it is mainly for local consumption
In Australia, Shearing is highly mechanized, while in Kenya it is mainly manual

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Name two cash crops grown in plantations in the highlands east of the valley

1/3/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2001 Section A Question 2.

(a) Name two cash crops grown in plantations in the highlands east of the valley

Tea
Coffee
Pineapples
Flowers
Rice
Wheat
Barley

(b) Give three physical conditions that are necessary for the growth of cloves

Heavy rainfall between 1270 – 2500mm per year
Well distributed rainfall – throughout the year/ rainfall throughout the year
High temperatures between 28-30C
Deep soils
Well – drained soils
Light sandy soils
High humidity
Low altitude

(a) Name two cash crops grown in plantations in the highlands east of the valley (b) Give three physical conditions that are necessary for the growth of cloves

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The bar graphs show the value of trade between Kenya and other countries for the year 1995,1996 and 1997. Use it to answer question (a)

1/3/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2001 Section A Question 1.

The bar graphs show the value of trade between Kenya and other countries for the year 1995,1996 and 1997. Use it to answer question (a).

SOURCE OF DATA: STATISTICAL ABSTRACT ( K) 1998

a) (i) Name the type of bar shown above

Comparative bar graph / group/ multiple/ Composite

(ii) Calculate the cumulative differences in value between Kenya and other countries

Exports 3.8 + 4.9 + 4.9 = 13.6 k billion
Imports 6.7 + 7.4+ 8.5 = 22.6 k billion
Difference 22.6 – 13.6 = 9 K billion
Calculation 1
13.6 – 22.6 = -9.0

(b) Give two reasons why there is an imbalance of trade between Kenya and other countries

Kenya exports mainly agricultural raw materials which are a low value and imports manufactured goods which are of high value
The agricultural goods exported from Kenya face stiff competition in the world and imposed quota systems in the world market which leads to reduce sales and less earnings
Some of the goods exported are of low quality hence generate earnings
Semi processed goods earns less

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Name three components of soil

1/3/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2001 Section B Question 9.

(a) Name three components of soil.

Air/ gases
Water/ moisture
Organic matter minerals
Inorganic matter/ minerals

(b) Explain how the following factors influence the formation of soil
(i) Climate
(ii) Topography

(i) Climate

Rainfall provides water which make it possible for rocks to decay/ disintegrate to form soil
Rainfall can affect the rate at which some soil forming processes can occur e.g leaching
High temperature increase the rate of weathering/ accelerate the rate of bacterial activities which generates some of the organic matter in the soil
Water, ice and winds, erode, transport and deposit soil particle in other area leading to the formation of new soil ( e.g losses)

(ii) Topography

Valley bottoms/ gentle slopes encourage the formation of deep and fertile soils due to deposition accumulation of materials
Steep slopes encourages erosion of the top layer of soil that slowing down formation of soil / have a thin soils
Flat plains/ flood plains are saturated with water therefore slows down forming process
Slow influence arrangement/ sequence of soil
Slopes scopes are more exposed to the sun/ rain which influence weathering of parents rock/ soil forms

(c)(i) State two economic uses of soil

Soils are sources of valuable minerals
Soils are used as raw materials for pottery/ ceramics/ bricks
Soils are used in building/ construction of industry
Soils are used for agriculture
Some soils are mixed with herbs for medicine purposes
Used directly as cattle lick

(a) Name three components of soil (b) Explain how the following factors influence the formation of soil (i) Climate (ii) Topography (c)(i) State two economic uses of soil (ii) Explain four ways in which human activities contribute to soil erosion (d) Describe how the following types of erosion occur (i) Sheet erosion (ii) Gully erosion

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Name two types of submerge coasts

1/3/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2001 Section B Question 8.

(a) Name two types of submerge coasts

Fiord/ fjard/ fyord
Dalmattan / Longitudinal
Estuarine
Ria

(b) Explain how the following factors determine the effectiveness of wave erosion along a coast
(i) Nature of the material transported by waves

Hard rocks carried by waves increase the erosive power of the waves as they hit against the coast
Heavy pieces of rocks carried by waves hit against the cliffs thus weakening the wall making it susceptible to wave erosion

(ii) Nature of the coastal rocks

A coat made of soft rocks wears away easily when subjected to sea waves
Well jointed / fractured/ unconsolidated rock enhances erosion by waves along the line of weakness
Where rocks are soluble or made of limestone/ chalk they are easily eroded through solution process

(c) With the aid of labeled diagrams, describe the process through which a stack is formed

(a) Name two types of submerge coasts (b) Explain how the following factors determine the effectiveness of wave erosion along a coast (i) Nature of the material transported by waves (ii) Nature of the coastal rocks (c) With the aid of labeled diagrams, describe the process through which a stack is formed (d) (i) State four conditions that favour the growth of coral (ii) Explain three ways in which coral contributes to the economic development of Kenya.

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What is a rock?

1/3/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2001 Section B Question 7.

(a)(i) What is a rock?

A rock is a substance made up of a mineral / combination of mineral particle cemented together and forms the solid part of the earth’s crust.

(ii) Describe three ways through which sedimentary rocks are formed
Mechanically formed
Organically formed
Chemically formed

Mechanically Formed

These rocks are formed when eroded rock materials are transported by agents of erosion and deposited in layers either on land or in the sea

Organically formed

These rocks are formed when remains of previously existing plants or animals organizations are accumulated over a period of time forming layers

Chemically formed

These are formed when rocks are precipitated or when solutions of salt evaporate and particles accumulate in layers.

(b) Describe two process through which sedimentary rocks change into metamorphic rocks

When the weight of the overlying rock layers creates pressure on the lower layers it leads to change in structure/ grain alignment of the rocks. This process is known as dynamic
During volcanic eruptions, hot magma/ liquids may intrude into a sedimentary rock. The rock grains will re-crystallize due to heat to form new minerals. This process is known as thermal/ contact metamorphisms
In the mountain building process, sedimentary rocks are compressed and due to this pressure heat is generated. This heat modifies the structure of the original rocks.

(a)(i) What is a rock? (ii) Describe three ways through which sedimentary rocks are formed (b) Describe two process through which sedimentary rocks changer into metamorphic rocks (c) Give an example of each of the following types of igneous rocks (d) Suppose you were to carry out a field study of rocks within the vicinity of your school (i) Name three secondary sources of information you would use to prepare for the field study (ii) State four activities you would carry during the filed study

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Study the map of Kijabe 1: 50,000 provided and answer the following questions:

1/3/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2001 Section B Question 6.

(i) What is the appropriate height of the top of Kijabe hill?

Between 2660 and 2680 above sea level

(ii) Measure the length of Nairobi – Naivasha railway line from landhies (grid reference 257978) to the level crossing near Kijabe station ( grid reference 308984). Give your answer in kilometers.

5.6 km (0.1) (5.5 – 5.7 Km)

(iii) What relief feature on the map may have created problems in the construction of the railway line?

Escarpment steep slopes / Kijabe hill

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What are natural levees?

1/3/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2001 Section A Question 5.

(a) What are natural levees?

They are river embankments/ raised rivers banks made of alluvial deposits ( on the sides of a river channel within the flood plain)

(b) The diagrams below shows a section of a river. Use it to answer the questions that Follow.

(i) At what stage development is this section of the river?

Old stage / senile stage / plain stage

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State three climatic conditions experienced in the Sahara desert

1/3/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2001 Section A Question 4.

(a) State three climatic conditions experienced in the Sahara desert

Rainfall is low/ below 250mm per year / dry climate
Rainfall is erratic/ flash floods and sporadic rain/ unreliable
Temperature are high throughout the year/ over 300C/ hot climate
Intense solar radiation
The diurnal range of temperature is very large/ very hot days and cool and nights
High rate of evaporation
Skies are always cloudless/ clear sunny days/ high terrestrial/ radiation

(b)State three ways in which plants adapt to hot desert conditions

Some have long roots to tap underground water
Some have small waxy leaves to reduce transpiration
Some trees shed their leaves during dry seasons
Some plants have thick barks stems/ leaves to sore water
Some plants produce seeds that lie dormant awaiting rains
Some trees are umbrella- shaped to produce shade to the stem roots
Some plants have quick recovery ability after wilting
Some are halophytic/ salt tolerant to survive in areas of poor drainage

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What is mechanical weathering?

1/3/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2001 Section A Question 3.

(a) What is mechanical weathering?

It is the breaking down/ disintegration of rocks into smaller particles without altering the minerals composition of the rock/ breaking down or rocks by physical force

(b) How is an exfoliation dome formed?

A large homogeneous rock is exposed to alternate expansion and contraction of the outer layer in a rock. This is caused by temperature differences. Once the material has peeled off and rolled away a smooth dome shaped rock is left behind. It is called an exfoliation dome.

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State five characteristics of bar graph

1/3/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2000 Section B Question 6 with Answers.

The table below shows items exported from countries A and B. Use it to answer questions (a), (b, and (c)

(a) (i) Name the main export item of each country

A- Maize
B- Fertilizer

(ii) Calculate the percentage of the export item with the least tonnage in each country

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State two climatic conditions that are ideal for cotton farming

1/3/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2000 Section B Question 9 with Answers.

(a) (i) Apart from cotton, name two other fibre crops

Sisal
Coconut
Jute
Palm (raffia)
Flax
Sunn
Kapok
China grass

Cotton

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Draw an outline map of Nigeria

28/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2002 Section B Question 7.

a) Draw an outline map of Nigeria
On the map shade the main oil palm growing area.
Mark and name Lagos.

b) State five physical conditions necessary for the growing of pal moil.

High temperatures throughout the year/ 23°C- 30°
Plenty of sunshine
High rainfall evenly distributed throughout the year / 1500-2100mm
Deep fertile well drained soils
Low altitude of up to 100m above sea level
High humidity 80-90%

c) i) Describe the commercial production of palm oil in Nigeria.

Oil palm is harvested three years after planting
The ripe fruit is cut using curved knives /pangas / chisels/ hooks.
Cutting goes on throughout the year.
Fruits are carried in baskets or on poles to lorries for transportation to the factory
Fruits are collected and transported quickly to the processing factory
At the factory the fruits are weighed
They are offloaded into tube like cages or trucks
Fruits are put in digester for further cooking to soften them up
The pulp is separated from the kernel

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