GEOGRAPHY TOPICAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Formed when the earths surface downwarped and tilted forming a hollow depression that was fitted with water.
Earth movements led to crustal down warping.
A shallow depression was created.
The areas around the depression underwent uplifting.
The uplifting reversed the direction of rivers such as R. Kagera.
Water from the rivers and from rain eventually filled the depression.
The resulting feature became a lake.

(ii) Explain how lake Victoria influences the climate of the surrounding areas

Heavy rainfall due to moisture from the lake
High temperature due to low altitude caused by the depression
Availability of water has attracted the industrial set up that pollute the environment

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What is a lake?

9/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2011 Section B Question 10.

(a) (i) What is a lake?

A lake is an extensive body of water in a hollow/depression in the earth’s surface.

(ii) Name two crater lakes in Kenya.

Challa
Paradise
Simbi
Sonanchi (SW of Lake Naivasha)
Crater lake on the Central Island of Lake Turkana.

(b)Describe how the following lakes are formed.

(i) Come lake

Snow accumulates in an existing depression on the mountain side.
Snow gets compacted into ice forming a cirque glacier.
Frost action/alternating freeze-thaw action enlarges the hollow.
Abrasion by ice will deepen the hollow.
Plucking process steepens the backwall.
Eventually a deep arm-chair shaped depression known as corrie is formed.
When the corrie fills up with melt water, it forms a corrie lake.

(ii) Oasis

A pre-existing depression formed through faulting or otherwise is exposed to wind erosion.
Wind eddies remove unconsolidated materials through deflation.
Wind abrasion deepens and widens/enlarges the depression.
Continued deflation deepens and enlarges the depression.
Further abrasion deflation leads to the depression reaching the water table.
Water oozes out of the ground and collects into the depression to form a lake known as an oasis.

(iii) Lagoon

Sand/single are moved by the long shore drift and deposited at the entrance of the bay. ‘
The deposits accumulate forming a spit/sand bar/ridge.
The continued deposition elongate the spit, eventually blocking the mouth of the bay forming a bay bar.
The bay bar separates part of the sea water from the open sea.
The enclosed sea water is the lagoon.

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Identify two sources of water found in a lake.

7/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2012 Section A Question 5.

(a) Identify two sources of water found in a lake.

rainwater;
rivers;
underground water;
glacial melt waters.

(b) Give three characteristics of lakes formed due to faulting.

most are narrow;
most are steep-sided;
most are deep/some are shallow
most of them are salty/some are fresh
most of them are long.

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State four ways in which communication contributes to economic development in Kenya.

31/1/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2016 Section B Question 6.

Use the map below to answer questions a (i) and (ii)

a) Name
(i) The rivers marked E, F and G

E - R. Congo.
F - R. Zambezi.
G - R. Orange

(ii) The human-made lakes marked H and J.

H - Kainji
J – Nasser

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What is a lake?

30/1/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2016 Section A Question 8.

(a) (i) What is a lake?

A lake is an accumulation of water in a wide hollow or depression/it is an extensive hollow in the earth's surface which contains water

(ii) Name two crater lakes in Kenya.

Challa
Paradise
Simbi
Sonanchi

(b) Describe how each of the following lakes are formed:
(i) corrie lake;
(ii) oasis;
(iii) lagoon.

(i) Corrie lake

Snow accumulates in a depression on the mountain side
Snow gets compacted into ice forming a cirque glaciers
Frost action /alternate freeze -thaw action enlarges the hollow
Plucking process steepens the back wall
Eventually a deep arm - chair shaped depression is formed
When the corrie fills up with melt water it forms a corrie lake

(ii) Oasis

A pre existing depression formed through faulting or otherwise is exposed to wind erosion
Wind eddies remove unconsolidated materials through deflation
Futher deflation leads to depression reaching the water table
Water oozes out of the ground and collects into the depression to form a lake known as an oasis

(iii) Lagoon

Sand / silt are deposited along indented / irregular coast
The deposits accumulate forming a spit
The continued deposition elongates the spit eventually blocking the mouth of the bay forming a bay bar
The bay bar separates part of the sea water from the open sea
The enclosed sea water is the lagoon

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Define the term hydrological cycle.

29/1/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2017 Section B Question 9.

(a) (i) Define the term hydrological cycle.

Hydrological cycle is the continuous movement of water from the air to the earth surface and back to the air.

(ii) Give three factors that influence the occurrence of surface runoff.

The amount of rainfall
The gradient of the land
The nature of the rocks/soil
The watertable
Vegetation

(iii) State the significance of the hydrological cycle.

Evapotranspiration increases water in the atmosphere
It helps to regulate the surface water/underground water and water in the atmosphere.
It provides underground water through percolation.
Large rivers drain into oceans and lakes to form water bodies.
Water evaporates from the ground causing drying up of water bodies/arid conditions.
It controls the elements of weather such as temperatures/humidity and rainfall.
Water vapour maintains the heat energy in the atmosphere
Moisture in the atmosphere influences both solar/ terrestrial radiation.

(a) (i) Define the term hydrological cycle. (ii) Give three factors that influence the occurrence of surface runoff. (iii) State the significance of the hydrological cycle. (b) Describe how the following lakes were formed. (i) morraine dammed lake (ii) oxbow lake (c) Explain ways in which lakes modify the climate of the surrounding areas. (d) Give four reasons why some lakes have fresh water.

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With the aid of well labeled diagrams, describe the processes involved in the formation of a corrie lake

21/1/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 1997 Section B Question 8.

a) With the aid of well labeled diagrams, describe the processes involved in the formation of a corrie lake. (8mks)

The pressure pre-existing depression on the mountain side.
Snow gets compacted into ice forming a cirque glacier.
The snow accumulates in the depression
Frost action / alternating freeze – thaw action enlarges the hallow
Abrasion / scouring action at the bottom of the glacier deepens the hallow
Plucking process steepness’ the back wall
Eventually a deep armchair shaped depression known as a corrie fills up with melt water forms a corrie lake.

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Define an ocean.

20/1/2021

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KCSE Geography Past Paper 2019 Paper 1 Qn 9.

(a) (i) Define an ocean.
(ii) Explain the three causes of variation in the amount of salt in ocean water.

(i)An ocean is an extensive body of saline water occupying a large basin continents
(ii)High temperature in ocean water results to high evaporation which leaves behind higher salt concentration.
Fresh water added to the oceans through rainfall and melt ice reduces concentration of salts in the ocean.
Upwelling of water and ocean currents leads to mixing of ocean water causing variation in concentration of salts.

(b) (i) Identify three processes involved in wave erosion.
(ii) With the aid of well labelled diagrams, describe the processes through which a wave cut platform is formed.

(i)Identify three processes involved ¡n wave erosion,

Corrasion/abrasion
Hydraulic action/quarrying action
Attrition
Solution/corrosion

(ii) With the aid of well labelled diagrams, describe the processes through which a wave cut platform is formed.

During high tides, there is undercutting at the base of the cliff by wave erosion, forming a notch.
Continued wave erosion enlarges the notch to form a cave
Hanging rocks above the cave will weather and collapse.
When this process is repeated overtime the cliff will retreat to from a fairly flat surface on the sharp called a wave cut platform.

(c) You intend to carry out a field study on types of features resulting from wave deposition along the coast.
(i) Identify three methods you would use to record data.
(ii) Give three wave depositional features you are likely to observe during the field study.

(i)Photographing/videos.

Field sketching/drawing diagrams.
Note taking
Filling in questionnaires
Tape recording.

(ii)Give three wave depositional features you are likely to observe during the field study.

Mud flats/salt marshes
Tombolo/Bay bar/offshore bar
Beaches/beach cusps/beach ridges /beach berms
Cuspate forelands
Dune belts
Spit.

(a) (i) Define an ocean. (ii) Explain the three causes of variation in the amount of salt in ocean water. (b) (i) Identify three processes involved in wave erosion. (ii) With the aid of well labelled diagrams, describe the processes through which a wave cut platform is formed. (c) You intend to carry out a field study on types of features resulting from wave deposition along the coast. (i) Identify three methods you would use to record data. (ii) Give three wave depositional features you are likely to observe during the field study.

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