GEOGRAPHY TOPICAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Differentiate between a rural settlement and an urban centre.

10/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2011 Section B Question 10.

(a) Differentiate between a rural settlement and an urban centre.

A rural settlement consists of villages/scattered homesteads in the countryside where people engage mainly in agricultural activities/primary economic activities, while an urban centre is an area with dense population and people engaged mainly in industrial/ commercial activities.

(b) Explain how the following physical factors influence human settlement:

(i) Relief.

Gentle slopes/lowlands are densely settled, because they are conducive to agriculture/building houses/building roads.
Steep slopes are sparsely settled because they have thin soils making then unsuitable for farming/building of roads..
High mountain tops are not settled because they are too cold for plant growth/human habitation.
Mountaineous areas are thinly settled because of their steep/rugged nature makes them inaccessible.
The leeward side of mountains are sparsely settled because they are dry and limits agricultural activities/inadequate water supply/windward side are densely settled because they are wet and encourage agricultural activities/plenty supply of water..
Some hills have dense settlements because they are sage and secure.
Flat areas/flood plains are sparsely settled due to poor drainage/high incidents of water-borne diseases.

(ii) Climate.

Areas that receive high rainfall have dense settlements because they are conducive to a variety of agricultural activities.
Areas with low rainfall are sparsely settled because the climate limits economic activities.
Areas prone to strong winds are often not settled to avoid destruction of property by the wind.
Some valley bottoms have more settlements because they are warmer than the higher slopes of mountains.
Areas with extreme temperatures discourage settlements because of the unpleasant conditions.
Low to high temperatures/cool to hot conditions encourage dense settlement because they are conducive to human habitation/Agricultural activities.

(a) Differentiate between a rural settlement and an urban centre. (b) Explain how the following physical factors influence human settlement: (i) relief (ii) climate. (c) Explain the causes of the following problems in urban centres in Kenya: (i) traffic congestion

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What is eco-tourism?

10/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2011 Section B Question 9.

(a) What is eco-tourism?

It is the development and management of tourism while conserving the environment/enjoying what nature provides while protecting it.

(b) (i) Give four tourist attractions found at the coast of Kenya.

Marine parks.
Historical sites.
Sandy beaches/coral reefs/coastal scenery.
Sunny/warm climate.
Traditional culture.
Water sports/beach sports.
Wildlife.

(ii) State five problems associated with tourism in Kenya.

Tourism has led to increase in drug abuse.
A number of youths especially at the Coast have dropped out of school to become tour guides/beach boys/sex workers/curio sellers.
Tourism has led to the spread of diseases such as S.T.Is.
Tourism has led to pollution of environment/National parks/game reserves.
Over emphasis on tourism has led to the neglect of the other sectors of economy.
Tourism has led to increase in crime/insecurity.
Tourism has encouraged poaching/illegal collection of marine resources.
Tourism has led to international terrorism/piracy.
Erosion of some social value/culture.

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Give four factors common to Kenya and the Netherlands that have favoured horticultural farming.

10/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2011 Section B Question 8.

(a) (i) Give four factors common to Kenya and the Netherlands that have favoured horticultural farming.

Both countries have a varied of climatic conditions.
In both countries horticultural farming is practiced in areas with well drained soils.
In both countries irrigation is carried out.
Both countries sell their horticultural produce in the local and international market.
In both countries large companies/private organisation have invested in horticultural farming.
In both countries green housed are used.
Use of advance technology j both countries.
Availability of labour in both countries.
In both countries transport net work in developed.

(ii) State three features of horticultural farming in the Netherlands.

The farms are generally small in size.
The farmers use advanced/highly specialized techniques of crop production/farmers use greenhouses.
Most farmers practice mixed farming.
The farms are intensively used.
Farming is largely labour intensive.

(b) The table below shows the quantity and value of Kenya’s horticultural exports between June 2008 and June 2009. Use it to answer question (b).

(i) What was Kenya’s total value of exports from horticulture between June 2008 and June 2009?

Kshs.51,200 Million.

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Explain four measures which should be taken to improve inland water transport in Africa

10/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2011 Section B Question 7.

Use the map below to answer question a(i) and (ii).

(a) Name
(i) The rivers marked E, F and G.

E -R. Congo.
F - R. Zambezi.
G -R. Orange.

(ii) The human-made lakes marked H and J.

H-Kainji
J - Nasser

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Explain four measures being taken by the Government of Kenya to control human encroachment on forested areas.

10/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2011 Section B Question 6.

Study the photograph below and use it to answer question (a)

(a)(i) What evidence shows that this is a ground general-view photograph?

The photograph captures the broad view of area/a broad view of the area is captured.
The focus is on many objects.
The objects become progressively smaller towards the background.

(ii) Draw a rectangle measuring 12 cm by 8 cm.

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State three measures which the government of Kenya has taken to reduce infant mortality.

10/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2011 Section A Question 5.

(a) State three measures which the government of Kenya has taken to reduce infant mortality.

There has been widespread immunization for children to control diseases.
The government provides free medical services for children/Free mosquito nets.
The government provides parental education to ensure better care for children breast-feeding campaigns/Family planning.
There is a government policy granting longer maternity leave for mothers/paternity leave to take care of the new born.
Research on infant related diseases has been stepped up.
The government encourages provision of homes for orphans.
Training of traditional mid-wives.
The government has improved/increased medical facilities.

(b) Give two negative effects of low population growth in a country.

It leads to under utilization of resources/slow economic growth
It leads to reduced market for goods.
Increased ageing population in a country leads to high dependency.
It leads to reduced labour force/productivity.
It is expensive to provide social security/medical care/transport.

(a) State three measures which the government of Kenya has taken to reduce infant mortality. (b) Give two negative effects of low population growth in a country.

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State three reasons why paper milling industries are located near rivers.

10/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2011 Section A Question 4.

(a) State three reasons why paper milling industries are located near rivers.

The industries need large amount of water for cleaning.
The industries use water for cooling machines.
The industries dispose off their waste materials through water.
Water provide cheap means of transport.
Some industries are located near large rivers that may provide H.E.P.
Water is used as raw material in the industries.
Sonic industries use water to debark the logs.

(b) Name three industries in Kenya that use agricultural non-food products as raw materials.

Tobacco processing.
pyrethrum processing.
Plant fibre processing.
Saw milling Textile industries
Paper making.
Leather tanning.
Pharmaceuticals industries
Glue making industry
Rubber based industry.
Footwear industry
Non-edible oil processing.

https://www.atikaschool.org/geography-topical-questions-and-answers/category/industry

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Name two prairie provinces of Canada where wheat is grown on a large scale.

10/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2011 Section A Question 3.

(a) Name two prairie provinces of Canada where wheat is grown on a large scale.

Saskacthewan
Alberta
Manitoba

(b) Give three physical conditions that favour large scale wheat fanning in the prairie provinces of Canada.

There is extensive (cheap) land that allows cultivation on a large scale.
The presence of fertile prairies soils/dark brown chernozems.
The undulating landscape allows use of farm machinery/mechanization.
There is suitable climate with a frost-free period/warm sunny 15- 190 which allows for timely ripening and harvesting.
The area receives moderate rainfall/average 560mm annually which is suitable for wheat growing.

(a) Name two prairie provinces of Canada where wheat is grown on a large scale. (b) Give three physical conditions that favour large scale wheat fanning in the prairie provinces of Canada.

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Define the term fisheries.

10/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2011 Section A Question 2.

(a) Define the term fisheries.

Fisheries are water bodies where aquatic organisms/fish are found/reared for exploitations

(b) State three ways in which marine fisheries in Kenya can be conserved.

Restocking the overfished areas.
Standardizing the mesh size of nets to be used in fishing.
Licencing commercial fishermen to control their numbers.
Restricting fishing to specific seasons.
Restricting the disposal of untreated waste into the sea/control of water pollution.
Monitoring and discouraging the entry of foreign fishermen off the Indian Ocean waters.
Enforcing the International conventions to protect endangered fish species.

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Name two exotic breeds of commercial beef cattle reared in Kenya.

10/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2011 Section A Question 1.

(a) Name two exotic breeds of commercial beef cattle reared in Kenya.

Aberdeen Angus
Hereford
Galloway
Charolais
Shorthorn
Sahiwal

(b) Outline two similarities of commercial beef cattle farming in Kenya and Argentina.

In both countries the cattle are mainly reared in areas of natural grazing/natural pasture.
In both countries crossbreeding of beef cattle is common/scientific method of production.
In both countries beef cattle are reared mainly in ranches.
In both countries beef cattle/products are meant for the local and foreign market.
In both countries cattle breeds are largely similar.

(a) Name two exotic breeds of commercial beef cattle reared in Kenya. (b) Outline two similarities of commercial beef cattle farming in Kenya and Argentina.

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What is a lake?

9/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2011 Section B Question 10.

(a) (i) What is a lake?

A lake is an extensive body of water in a hollow/depression in the earth’s surface.

(ii) Name two crater lakes in Kenya.

Challa
Paradise
Simbi
Sonanchi (SW of Lake Naivasha)
Crater lake on the Central Island of Lake Turkana.

(b)Describe how the following lakes are formed.

(i) Come lake

Snow accumulates in an existing depression on the mountain side.
Snow gets compacted into ice forming a cirque glacier.
Frost action/alternating freeze-thaw action enlarges the hollow.
Abrasion by ice will deepen the hollow.
Plucking process steepens the backwall.
Eventually a deep arm-chair shaped depression known as corrie is formed.
When the corrie fills up with melt water, it forms a corrie lake.

(ii) Oasis

A pre-existing depression formed through faulting or otherwise is exposed to wind erosion.
Wind eddies remove unconsolidated materials through deflation.
Wind abrasion deepens and widens/enlarges the depression.
Continued deflation deepens and enlarges the depression.
Further abrasion deflation leads to the depression reaching the water table.
Water oozes out of the ground and collects into the depression to form a lake known as an oasis.

(iii) Lagoon

Sand/single are moved by the long shore drift and deposited at the entrance of the bay. ‘
The deposits accumulate forming a spit/sand bar/ridge.
The continued deposition elongate the spit, eventually blocking the mouth of the bay forming a bay bar.
The bay bar separates part of the sea water from the open sea.
The enclosed sea water is the lagoon.

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What are tides?

9/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2011 Section B Question 9.

(a) (i) What are tides?

Tides are the periodic rise and fall in the level of ocean/seas/large lakes as a result of the gravitational attraction of the sun and moon.

(ii) Give three causes of ocean currents.

Differences in ocean water density/salinity.
Differences in ocean water temperature.
Winds blowing over the ocean.
Shape of coastal land mass.
Rotation of the earth

(iii) Name the three ocean currents along the western coast of Africa.

Benguela
Guinea
Cannary.

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Explain the significance of fold mountains to human activities.

9/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2011 Section B Question 8.

The map below shows the location of some mountain ranges.

(a) Name the ranges marked P, Q, R and S.

Q - Appalachians
R-Atlas
S - Himalayas.

(b) (i) Apart from fold mountains, name three other features resulting from folding.

Synclinal valleys/depressions
Rolling plains
Ridges
Intermontane basins
Intermontane plateaus

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State three conditions that are necessary for siting a weather station.

9/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2011 Section B Question 7.

(a) (i) State three conditions that are necessary for siting a weather station.

The area should be away from buildings/trees/tall objects.
The ground should be free from flooding.
The area should have a wide view/open space.
The area should be secure.
The ground should be gentle sloping

(ii) Give four reasons why weather forecasting is important.

It enables farmers to plan their farming activities.
It helps people to choose the clothing for the day.
It influences design of houses.
It guides in the timing of sporting/tourist activities.
it helps in averting natural disasters related to weather.
It guides in landing and taking off of aircrafts.
It helps in planning military activities.
It guides fishing activities.

(b) The table below shows the temperature and rainfall figures for a weather station in Kenya. Use it to answer question (b) and (c).

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Give the latitudinal and longitudinal position of the North East corner of the map extract.

9/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 2011 Section B Question 6.

Study the map of Nkubu (1:50,000) sheet 122/1 provided and answer the following questions.
(a) (i) Give the latitudinal and longitudinal position of the North East corner of the map extract.

Latitude- 0° 00' and
Longitude - 37°45'E or 0’00’, 37°45'E

(ii) Give two methods used to represent relief on the map.

Contours
Trigonometrical stations
Depression symbols.

(iii) What is the relief feature found at the top of Kirui Hill within Mt. Kenya forest.

Depression

Study the map of Nkubu (1:50,000) sheet 122/1 provided and answer the following questions. (a) (i) Give the latitudinal and longitudinal position of the North East corner of the map extract. (ii) Give two methods used to represent relief on the map. (iii) What is the relief feature found at the top of Kirui Hill within Mt. Kenya forest. (iv) Apart from administration, give three other services that are provided at Nkubu Divisional Headquarters.

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