GEOGRAPHY TOPICAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

What is an industry?

7/10/2021

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What is an industry?

A set of productive activities that enables or leads to production of goods and services.

Explain three main factors that influence the location and development of industries

Factors influencing location and development of industries.

Raw materials
Source of power
Capital
Human resource
Infrastructure
Market
Government policies
Water availability
Availability of land.

Using relevant example explain the following terms

i) Primary industries

Concerned with extraction and exploitation of natural resources.

ii) Secondary industries

Also called manufacturing industry concerned with conversion of raw materials into finished goods.

iii) Tertiary industries

Also called service industry. These industries offer services such as banking, administration, banking.

Highlight four negative significances of industrialization to Kenya

Negative significances of industrialization

Pollution
Displacement of people
Imbalance in economic development
Neglect of some economic sectors
Unemployment
Moral decay

What is cottage industry?

This is a kind of industry in which employees work in their homes using their own equipment and human skill.

Name two challenges facing cottage industries in India

Challenges facing cottage industries in India

Inadequate capital
Exploitation by middlemen
Competition for market

Briefly explain five factors that have favoured industrialization in the Ruhr region

Five factors that favoured industrialization in Ruhr region.

Availability of coal
Availability of raw materials
Presence of limestone
Well developed infrastructure
Available skilled labour
Capital availability
Large market
Central location of Ruhr.

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Highlight three types of industries

7/10/2021

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Highlight three types of industries.

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

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Give three effects of liberalization of the oil industry in Kenya.

1/3/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2001 Section A Question 5.

Give three effects of liberalization of the oil industry in Kenya.

It has created variation in prices of petroleum products
It has led to mushrooming of many petroleum products dealers
It has encouraged importation of refined petroleum products
It has caused frequent price adjustments by oil dealers
It has created widespread availability of petroleum products

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Give four reasons why Kenya should become an industrialized country

1/3/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2000 Section B Question 8 with Answers.

(a) Give four reasons why Kenya should become an industrialized country

Diversity- to diversify her economy
Employment - to create more employment opportunities
Self sufficiency- For self sufficiency/ reduce importation/ save foreign exchange
Use resources – To make maximum use of her resources/ raw materials
Standard of – To uplift the standard of living of the citizens
Value/ quality – to be able to increase the value of her exports/ quality
B.O – To improve balance her trade

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Give three problems experienced in the implementation of the National Food Policy.

28/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2002 Section A Question 2.

a) Give three problems experienced in the implementation of the National Food Policy.

To ensure self sufficiency in foodstuffs.
To ensure that there are sufficient food reserves
To ensure that every citizen has access to sufficient foodstuffs.
To ensure that the available food is of balanced nutritional value
To give government control over exports / import of food
To allow free movement of foodstuffs within the country.

b)Drought / floods have caused food shortages.

Food storage facilities are inadequate.
Farmers have little information on the expected weather trend to enable them plan their calendar.
Inadequate monitoring of food supplies makes it difficult to identify needy areas
Some citizens have inadequate education on the nutritional value of foodstuffs
Inadequate use of the required farm inputs leads to low output of foodstuffs which affects the food reserve.
Laxity / corruption in control of importation/ exportation of foodstuffs.

a) Give three problems experienced in the implementation of the National Food Policy.

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Name three agricultural non food manufacturing industries in Kenya.

26/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2003 Section B Question 8.

a) Name three agricultural non food manufacturing industries in Kenya.

Tobacco processing
Soap manufacturing
Foot wear making
Vegetable chemical products making/ pyrethrum processing
Textile manufacturing
Saw milling/pulp/paper making
Leather tanning

b)i) Draw outline map of Kenya (map should have a frame / outline correct).

ii) On the outline map, mark and name two towns where motor vehicles are assembled.

Thika
Nairobi
Mombasa

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Differentiate between manufacturing and tertiary industries

24/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2004 Section A Question 4.

a) Differentiate between manufacturing and tertiary industries

Manufacturing is a process of changing raw materials into a finished product / commodity ready for use while tertiary industries provide services facilities for use by other industries / consumers.

b) State three factors that led to the growth of iron and steel industry in the Ruhr region of Germany

Availability of coal / iron ore / raw materials
Cheap water transport on River Rhine
Availability of capital from rich merchants / krupp family / founders
Abundant sources of power such as coal / H.E.P.
Ready market from control / Western Europe / local market
Availability of water from river Rhine / lipper / Ruhr

a) Differentiate between manufacturing and tertiary industries b) State three factors that led to the growth of iron and steel industry in the Ruhr region of Germany

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State three characteristics of Jua Kali industries in Kenya

21/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2005 Section A Question 2.

(a) State three characteristics of Jua Kali industries in Kenya

Are operated by individual or small groups
Are pursued as part time or full time occupation
They require low capital investment
They use simple equipments
They use local/ recycled raw materials
They use basic/ simple skills in craft
They are mostly operated in the open / sheds
They are widespread

(b) Give three problems facing the Jua Kali Industries in Kenya

Difficulty in getting raw materials
Inadequate capital for expansion
Competition from other well established industries/ competition from imported products
Inadequate marketing skills/ strategies
Inadequate security

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State two reasons why some industries are located near the sources of raw materials

19/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2006 Section A Question 5.

(a) State two reasons why some industries are located near the sources of raw materials

The raw materials may be too bulky and thus expensive to transport
Some raw materials are perishable so they have to be processed before transportation
Processing reduces transport costs

(b) Give three characteristics of the cottage industry in India

Some rely on simple equipment/ machines
Most are labour intensive
Some are owned by families
Some use locally available raw materials
Some produce mainly for local markets
Mostly are widespread in the country

(a) State two reasons why some industries are located near the sources of raw materials (b) Give three characteristics of the cottage industry in India

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Name three agricultural food processing industries in Kenya.

18/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2007 Section B Question 7.

a) Name three agricultural food processing industries in Kenya.

Tea processing
Coffee processing
Milk processing
Sugar refining
Fruit canning / fruit processing
Brewing
Bakering
Graining milling
Meat canning / meat processing
Oil pressing / processing
Vegetable canning/ processing.

b) Explain how the following factors have favoured the development of industries in Thika town:

i)Proximity

Nairobi provides some inputs required by the industries in Thika
There is industrial interdependent among the industries in Nairobi and Thika.
The short rail and road connection between Nairobi and Thika provided cheaper movement of goods and services for the industries in Thika.
Nairobi provides a ready / large market for the manufactured goods from Thika

ii)Availability of water

River chania which passes through Think town provides fresh water for industrial use especially for coffee processing and fruit canning measures.

iii)The hinterland

Thika town has rich agricultural hinterland which provides raw materials for the industries.
The hinterland is densely populated hence provides cheap labour for the industries.

d) (i) Name two towns in Kenya where moto-vehicle assembling plants are located.

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Below is a sketch map showing part of the great Lakes and St. Lawrence Sea way.Use it to answer question (a).

18/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2007 Section A Question 4.

Below is a sketch map showing part of the great Lakes and St. Lawrence Sea way. Use it to answer question (a).

a) Name
(i) the port marked P.

Quebec

(ii) the canal marked Q

New York State Barge Canal. Erie Canal

(iii) the lake marked R

Lake Ontario

b) State three ways in which the great lakes and st. Lawrence Sea way has contributed to the growth of industries in the region.

It has increased (internal and external ) trade
It has facilitated the transportation of bulky products
It has reduced the cost of transportation of bulky products
The dams along the sea way provide HEP for industrial use
It has led to the development of lake ports and towns which provide market / labour / housing facilities.

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Name three agricultural non- food processing industries in Kenya

15/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2009 Section B Question 9.

(a) (i) Name three agricultural non- food processing industries in Kenya

Tobacco processing
Footwear making
Leather training
Beeswax processing
Sisal processing
Pyrethrum processing

(ii) State four ways in which Kenya has benefited from the motor- vehicle Assembly industry

Kenya saves foreign exchange
Kenya earns foreign exchange through motor-vehicles export
The industry has created employment opportunities
The industry has created employment opportunities
The industry has promoted transport sector by availing buses/lorries/vans/cars

(b) Explain three problems arising from industrialization in Kenya

Industrialization has led to rural-urban migration which has increased the urban population leading to congestion/shortages of houses/ increase in crime
Some industries emit toxic gases which are harmful to people/ wildlife
Industrial effluent pollutes water sources making the water unfit for human/animal use.
Fumes from chemical industries corrode metallic roofs of buildings hence destroying them.
Fumes from chemical industries corrode metallic roofs of building hence destroying them
Congestion of infrastructure and social services in the industrial waste has led to the degradation of land
Some industries have led to the displacement of people thus disrupting their social and economic life.

(a) (i) Name three agricultural non- food processing industries in Kenya (ii) State four ways in which Kenya has benefited from the motor- vehicle Assembly industry (b) Explain three problems arising from industrialization in Kenya (c) Explain three factors which influenced the location of iron and steel industry in the Ruhr region of Germany in the 19th century (d) You intend to carry out a field study of furniture – making industry in the local market centre

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Why is Kenya’s petroleum refinery located at Mombasa?

11/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2010 Section A Question 4.

(a) Why is Kenya’s petroleum refinery located at Mombasa?

It is easier to transport refined petroleum products than crude hence the need to process crude oil at the port of entry/Crude oil-the raw material for the refinery comes by sea/cheaper to transport to the port of Mombasa/Nearness to the source of raw material/Mombasa - is the only port of entry.

(b) State four characteristics of the cottage industry in India.

It requires little capital to set up and run
it is labour intensive
it relies on simple equipment/machines
Different establishments are owned by individuals/families
It uses locally available raw materials
The products are mainly for local market
The industrial establishments are widespread in the country/located in homes
Labour is provided by members of the family/individual owners.
Craftsmen are highly skilled

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State three reasons why paper milling industries are located near rivers.

10/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2011 Section A Question 4.

(a) State three reasons why paper milling industries are located near rivers.

The industries need large amount of water for cleaning.
The industries use water for cooling machines.
The industries dispose off their waste materials through water.
Water provide cheap means of transport.
Some industries are located near large rivers that may provide H.E.P.
Water is used as raw material in the industries.
Sonic industries use water to debark the logs.

(b) Name three industries in Kenya that use agricultural non-food products as raw materials.

Tobacco processing.
pyrethrum processing.
Plant fibre processing.
Saw milling Textile industries
Paper making.
Leather tanning.
Pharmaceuticals industries
Glue making industry
Rubber based industry.
Footwear industry
Non-edible oil processing.

https://www.atikaschool.org/geography-topical-questions-and-answers/category/industry

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Differentiate manufacturing industries from tertiary industries.

6/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2013 Section B Question 10.

(a)Differentiate manufacturing industries from tertiary industries.

Manufacturing industries change raw materials into semi-processed / finished products while tertiary industries provide services to consumers.

(b)Explain why the Government of Kenya encourages the setting up of industries in rural areas.

It creates employment opportunities in rural areas thus reducing migration into urban areas/raising standards of living.
It leads to utilization of locally available raw materials that would otherwise be left idle.
It leads to improvement of transport / communication networks thus opening up rural areas for development.
It leads to improvement of social amenities thereby raising the standards of living of rural communities.
It enables the rural population to sell products / raw materials to industries thus earning income.
It leads to diversification of the economy thus reducing the over reliance of rural community on agriculture.

(c)Explain four factors that have contributed to the development of electronics industry in Japan.

Advanced technology / highly skilled labour has increased efficiency leading to mass production of high quality goods.
Highly developed sources of energy provide the power required in the industries.
A large population/high purchasing power provides a large local market.
Availability of capital has enabled entrepreneurs to set up / expand the industries.
The ruggedness of the land does not favour agriculture hence more concentration has been on industrialization.
Well developed transport network has enabled the movement of raw materials to the industries / finished products to the market.
Availability of large external market has led to more production.
Advanced scientific research led to adverse/high quality products.
Government emphasis on technical/science oriented education led to rapid development of idustries.
The industrious nature/entrepreneurship of the Japanese has led to sustained/high production.
A large population/high purchaing power provides a large local market.

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