GEOGRAPHY TOPICAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

State three physical problems experienced by farms at Mwea- Tembere irrigation

1/3/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2001 Section A Question 3.

(a) State three physical problems experienced by farms at Mwea- Tembere irrigation.

Incidences of water- borne diseases, bilharzias
Pest infestation which lowers production, quelea birds
Water weeds which compete with the rice for nutrients rhizomes
Silting in the canals reduces the amount of water
Low water levels in the rivers during the dry season

(b) Outline methods that were used to rehabilitate land in the Tennessee valley in the United States of America (USA).

Planting of trees/ afforestation/ deforestation
Planting to cover crops/ grass
Building dams/ reservoirs
Filling up gullies with brushwood
Introduction of modern methods of farming- Terracing/ contour ploughing/ use of fertilizer/ crop protection/ crop rotation/ strip cropping

(a) State three physical problems experienced by farms at Mwea- Tembere irrigation (b) Outline methods that were used to rehabilitate land in the Tennessee valley in the United States of America (USA)

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A part from draining swamps, state two other methods used in reclaiming land in Kenya.

26/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2003 Section A Question 2.

a) A part from draining swamps, state two other methods used in reclaiming land in Kenya.

Through irrigation
Through controlling pests
By introducing drought resistant crops
By using fertilizer/ manure
By a forestation

b) State three benefits that resulted from reclamation of the Yata swamp

Floods were controlled
Pests waterborne diseases were controlled
There was an increase in the land for agriculture/ more land was made available for agriculture.
Better farming methods were introduced
There was increase in the employment opportunities.

a) A part from draining swamps, state two other methods used in reclaiming land in Kenya. b) State three benefits that resulted from reclamation of the Yata swamp

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Give two methods used to reclaim land in Kenya

19/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2006 Section A Question 2.

(a) Give two methods used to reclaim land in Kenya

Irrigating dry land
Draining of swamps
Adding manure to the infertile soils
Introducing drought resistant crops
Planting of trees

(b) Outline the stages through which land is reclaimed from the sea in the Netherlands

Part of the low lying land covered by sea water is enclosed using strong walls/dykes
Ditches are constructed to lead water to pumping station
The water is pumped out using windmills
Canals are then dug to drain the excess water from the enclosed land
Chemicals are added to the soil to reduce salinity/ fresh water is pumped into the enclosed land to reduce salinity
Oats, rye and sugar beets are planted to improve the PH of the soil and reduce the water further
The land is dry and ready for use

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Differentiate between land reclamation and land rehabilitation.

17/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2008 Section A Question 3.

a) Differentiate between land reclamation and land rehabilitation.

Land reclamation is the process of converting less productive land into a more productive state for agricultural or settlement purposes while land rehabilitation is the process of restoring degraded/impoverished/damaged land back to a useful state.

b) State two ways in which each of the following problems experienced at the Mwea irrigation Scheme can be solved;
i) Low prices of rice

Diversifying the crops produced in the scheme
Improving the quality of the rice produced through research
The government should restrict the importation of rice to reduce competition.
Improve the marketing strategies to enable farmers to source for market outside Kenya

a) Differentiate between land reclamation and land rehabilitation. b) State two ways in which each of the following problems experienced at the Mwea irrigation Scheme can be solved; i) Low prices of rice ii) Fluctuating water levels in the irrigation canals.

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Apart from draining swamps, give two other methods through which land has been reclaimed in Kenya.

11/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2010 Section B Question 7.

(a) (i) Apart from draining swamps, give two other methods through which land has been reclaimed in Kenya.

irrigation
tsetse fly control
planting of trees/afforestation
flood control

(ii) Give two methods that are used to drain swamps in Kenya.

constructing drainage pipes
digging open ditches /canals
pumping out the water

(b) (i) Name two rivers that supply water to the Mwea Tebere Irrigation Scheme.

Thiba river
Nyanindi river
Murubara

(i) Apart from draining swamps, give two other methods through which land has been reclaimed in Kenya. (ii) Give two methods that are used to drain swamps in Kenya. (b) (i) Name two rivers that supply water to the Mwea Tebere Irrigation Scheme. (ii) Explain how the following factors influenced the establishment of the Mwea Tebere Irrigation Scheme:

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Identify five measures used to control floods in Kenya.

6/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2013 Section A Question 5.

Identify five measures used to control floods in Kenya.

Constructing channels/ditches/furrows to drain off the water.
Constructing dykes / levees along river banks.
Dredging / widening of river channels.
Building of dams across rivers/earth dams.
Training / re-directing / straightening of rivers.
Planting trees in the catchment areas.

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Name the method of irrigation used in Perkerra irrigation scheme.

5/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2013 Section A Question 1.

Name the method of irrigation used in Perkerra irrigation scheme.

Furrow / canal irrigation.

State three factors that influenced the location of the Perkerra irrigation scheme.

Availability of extensive land for irrigation.
Availability of water from River Perkerra.
The gently sloping land that allows mechanization/easy flow of water for irrigation by gravity.
Presence of fertile loamy/alluvial soils good for the growth of a variety of crops.
Dry conditions/semi arid/unreliable/low rainfall making it necessary to irrigate the area.
The area was sparsely populated.

Name the method of irrigation used in Perkerra irrigation scheme. State three factors that influenced the location of the Perkerra irrigation scheme.

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Explain four ways in which land is being rehabilitated in Kenya.

3/2/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2014 Section B Question 8.

(a) Explain four ways in which land is being rehabilitated in Kenya.

By filling open pits/land scaping in order to be used for farming/settlement.
By constructing terraces thereby reducing the speed of surface runoff.
By planting trees/grass strips on degraded land thereby protecting it against the agents of erosion.
By building gabions in order to hold/trap the soil carried by water.
By constructing dykes along river banks/dams across rivers in order to control floods.
By supplying manure/fertilizer on derelict land in order to restore its fertility.
By irrigating semi-arid areas/during dry seasons in order to provide water required for crop growth.
Bush fallowing to allow land to regian fertility.
Mulching /cover crops/ cut off drains to retain soil moisture/add humus.
Drainage trenches to remove excess water from the land.
Controlled grazing to allow regeneration of pastures.

(b) (i) State two ways in which the salinity of the polders is reduced in The Netherlands.

Chemicals are applied to lower salts in the soils.
Fresh water is flashed to the soils to remove/dilute the excess salts.
Reeds are planted to use up the excess salts.
Continuous pumping of water from the polders.

(ii) Explain four ways in which the Zuyder Zee project benefits The Netherlands.

Reclamation has increased the size of the land which is used for farming/settlement.
The reclaimed land has increased agricultural output hence more food/raw materials for industries.
Damming created a freshwater lake thus improving the supply of water for domestic/industrial use/lowering salinity of the soil.
It has led to employment of many people thus improving their standards of living.
Roads have been constructed thus improving transportation.
Reclamation has created sceneries that have become tourists attractions thereby earning foreign exchange.
Construction of the great dyke shortened the coastal distance.
It also controlled the disastrous floods.

(a) Explain four ways in which land is being rehabilitated in Kenya. (b) (i) State two ways in which the salinity of the polders is reduced in The Netherlands. (ii) Explain four ways in which the Zuyder Zee project benefits The Netherlands. (c) You intend to carry out a field study on irrigation farming in Mwea Tebere Irrigation Scheme:

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Name the method of irrigation used in the Perkerra irrigation scheme

31/1/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2016 Section A Question 2.

(a) Name the method of irrigation used in the Perkerra irrigation scheme

Furrow / canal irrigation.

(b) State three factors that influenced the location of the Perkerra irrigation scheme.

Availability of extensive land for irrigation.
Availability of water from River Perkerra.
The gently sloping land that allows mechanization/easy flow of water for irrigation by gravity.
Presence of fertile loamy/alluvial soils good for the growth of a variety of crops.
Dry conditions/semi arid/unreliable/low rainfall making it necessary to irrigate the area.
The area is sparsely populated.

(a) Name the method of irrigation used in the Perkerra irrigation scheme (b) State three factors that influenced the location of the Perkerra irrigation scheme.

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Name two exotic breads of dairy cattle reared in Kenya.

31/1/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2016 Section A Question 1.

(a) Name two exotic breads of dairy cattle reared in Kenya.

Fresian / Holstein
Ayshire
Guernsey
Jersey
Alderney
Brown Swiss / Swiss Brown

(b) State three physical conditions that favour dairy farming in Denmark.

The landscape is gently sloping which is suitable for grazing
The climate has warm / sunny summers / moderate temperatures (10 – 17C) that allow outdoor grazing.
There is cool climate suitable for pasture growing
The moderate rainfall (500–1000mm) that supports growth of grass / fodder crops
Boulder clay soils are fertile support high pasture

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Explain three conditions that favour wheat farming in Kenya

31/1/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 1998 Section B Question 9.

World wheat production by regions

(a) Draw a pie chart to illustrate the information given above. ( 5mks)

World wheat production by regions pie chart

(b) Name
(i) Two districts in Kenya where wheat is grown on commercial scale ( 2 mks)

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Study the map of Mariakani (1:50,000 sheet 197/4) provided and answer the following questions

30/1/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 1 1998 Section B Question 6.

Study the map of Mariakani (1:50,000 sheet 197/4) provided and answer the following questions

(a) (i) What type of map is Mariakani sheet?

(a) Topographical map ( 1 mk)

(ii) From the marginal information, identify the two districts covered by the map

(ii) Kilifi and Kwale ( 2 mks)

(iii) Calculate the area of Mavirivirini sub- location. Give your answer in square kilometers.

(iii) = 39km² + 1

=38.0 – 40.0 km² ( 2 mks)

(b) Citing evidence from the map, explain three factors that favour cattle rearing in Mariakani area.

Availability of water for cattle from rivers,
e.g. Ngoni (any one named receiver) from seasonal swamps e.g. around Kinangop / South Samburu, from piped water (water pipeline) from dams/ water reservoirs e.g. near Mariakani town/ from waterholes and water tanks e.g. around Mariakani town / wells
Availability of suitable vegetation/ pasture for animals. The sqeub thicket.
Availability of veterinary services for improved animal husbandry e.g. veterinary investigation laboratory/ cattle dips/ animal research station around Mariakani.
Large tracts of land with sparse settlement providing extensive area for grazing, particularly in the central and western parts of the area.
Availability of transport evidence- roads/ railways, movable tracts gently sloping land

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Apart from irrigation, give four methods of land reclamation in Kenya.

29/1/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2017 Section A Question 8.

(a) Apart from irrigation, give four methods of land reclamation in Kenya.

Draining swamps.
Improving soil through the use of manure and fertilizer.
Controlling soil erosion.
By afforestation
Through controlling pests.

(b) Explain four physical factors which influenced the location of Mwea irrigation scheme.

Availability of extensive land which enables expansion of growth of rice.
Warm climatic conditions! high temperature suitable for growth of rice.
Presence of river Nyamindi and Thiba/murubara which provide water for irrigation throughout the year.
The area is gently sloping which allows mechanization flow of water by gravity.
Presence of black cotton) clay soil which is suitable for rice cultivation/water retention.
The low unreliable rainfall making irrigation the only alternative.

(c) (i) Name three crops grown in the polders in Netherlands.

Rye .
Wheat
Vegetables
Fruits
Barley
Potatoes
Oats
Beetroots
Flowers
Sugar -beet.

(a) Apart from irrigation, give four methods of land reclamation in Kenya. (b) Explain four physical factors which influenced the location of Mwea irrigation scheme. (c) (i) Name three crops grown in the polders in Netherlands. (ii) Describe the stages of reclamation of land from the sea in the Netherlands. (d) State four benefits of land reclamation in the Netherlands.

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What is beef farming?

29/1/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2017 Section A Question 7.

(a) (i) What is beef farming?

Is the rearing of cattle for meat.

(ii) Identify five factors that favour beef farming in Kenya.

Extensive flat land
Natural grass/ pasture.
Moderate temperatures/1 8-28°C/ warm-hot climate.
Availability of watering points/sites such as swamps.
Moderate rainfall / 500mm -999mm.
Availability of ranching schemes to control overgrazing/pests/diseases.
Cultural practices/local people that practice livestock farming as their livelihood.
Availability of marketing/ demand

(b) State six features of nomadic pastoralism in Kenya.

They keep large herds of animals/many kinds of animals/overstocking.
They keep animals as a sign of wealth/prestige.
Land in which the animals are kept is communially owned.
The animals are weakened by pests and diseases/have low value/unhealthy.
The animals are moved seasonally in search for pasture and water.
There is uncontrolled breeding of animals.
There is inefficient marketing system/walking for long distances to the market.
Animals are exposed to cattle rustling/frequent raids.
They rely on it for subsistence/ income
Dwell in temporal structures.

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Identify three counties in Kenya where wheat is grown on a large scale.

29/1/2021

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KCSE Geography Paper 2 2017 Section A Question 1.

(a) Identify three counties in Kenya where wheat is grown on a large scale.

Narok
Nakuru
Uasin Gishu
Nyandarua
Meru
Laikipia
Transzoia
Elgeyo Marakweti

(b) State three climatic conditions that affect wheat farming.

Frost
Drought/Unreliable rainfall/very heavy rainfall
Prolonged cold/hot seasons/high temperatures
Strong winds which cause soil erosion
Hailstones.

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