A part from the Rift Valley name two other relief features that were formed as result of faulting.

KCSE Geography Paper 1 2004 Section B Question 7.

​a) i) A part from the Rift Valley name two other relief features that were formed as result of faulting. 

• Tilt block
• Escarpment/scrap slope
• Block mountain/ horsts

​ii) With the aid of a well labeled diagram, describe how a Rift Valley is formed by tensional forces. 

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• Layers of rocks are subjected to tensional forces when there is some tensional forces when there is some instability within the earth’s crust.
• Parallel normal faults develop/lines of weakness develop.

b) Explain four effects of faulting 

• Faulting / fault scraps make it difficult to construct roads/ railways.
• Depression in the Rift valley contain water that forms lakes
• Faulting exposes minerals such as diatomite
• Step faulting makes rivers to have water falls, rapids and cataracts
• The scrap slopes / steep slopes tend to discourage settlement.
• Some rivers such as the Katonga in Uganda have had their directions of flow changed.

​c) Students are planning to carry out a field study of an area affected by faulting

​i) State four reasons why it is important for the students to have a pre-visit of the area 

• To enable them draw up study objectives / hypothesis
• To familiarize themselves with the area of study
• To enable them draw a route map
• To enable them prepare a work schedule / plan of activities
• To enable them identify / sort our relevant tools / equipment for the study
• To identify suitable methods of data collection
• To seek permission from the occupants of their site of study.
• To enable them prepare financial 

​ii) One of the ways they would use to collect data is through direct observation. Give three disadvantages of direct observation in the study of such an area. 

• It is expensive
• It is time consuming
• It is tiresome
• It is limited only to direct sources / primary sources
• It is only suitable to the signed people

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