(a) (i) Apart from water and air pollution, name two other types of pollution (ii) Identify three ways through which water is polluted (iii) Explain three effects of air pollution on the environment (b) (i) Explain three factors that lead to frequent floo

Apart from water and air pollution, name two other types of pollution

1/3/2021

KCSE Geography Paper 2 2001 Section B Question 9.

Discharge of industrial waste/ oil spillage/ radioactive waste into water bodies
Disposal of domestic waste into water bodies
Discharge of agriculture chemicals into rivers/ lakes by rain water
Discharge of raw sewage into water bodies
Abuse of water bodies by human beings
Natural causes e.g. soil erosion/ terrestrial gas

Gases emitted from some factories contain substances which corrode roofs of houses and mental structures
Some gases from factories contain substances which dissolve in water to form acid which make plants maim or kill animals
Inhalation for smoke and soot particles / bad smell lead to discomfort / irritation of the respiratory system / discolouring of vegetable / building.
Gases emitted from factories may contain poisonous substance which can lead to poor health / death when inhaled /plant leaves turn yellow.
Gases / excess carbon dioxide increases the temperature affecting the climate of the affected areas / depletion of O – Zone layer.
Smoke / dust / smog reduces visibility which way lead to motor accidents.
Dust particles that settles on leaves inhibits photosynthesis

Most of the land is low lying which causes the rain water of spread over wide area.
The adjacent highlands receive torrential rainfall which releases large volumes of water resulting to rivers overflowing their banks.
Silt has filled the river beds making them shallow thus spilling their water over banks
The rivers are at their old stage, thus they have wide flood plains which allows water to spread over large areas.
The area has black cotton soil which is non- porous and when soaks up allow water to flow and spread on the surface.
The heavy rainfall received in the area id discharged into lake Victoria making its level to rise thus flooding the adjacent lowlands.

Dams have been constructed across the rivers to check their velocity thus reducing the incident of flooding.
Several dykes have been constructed / artificial levees to restrict the rivers within their channels/ diversion channels have been constructed in the flood plain and water used for irrigation thus reducing the effect of the excess water.

Strong winds destroy trees
Winds blow off roofs of houses
Winds cause strong sea storms and lead to boats capsizing / communication lines are destroyed / destruction of transport line.
Winds cause soil erosion
Winds spread air – borne diseases
Winds spread bush fires