Apart from water and air pollution, name two other types of pollution

KCSE Geography Paper 2 2001 Section B Question 9.

​(a) (i) Apart from water and air pollution, name two other types of pollution.

• Land pollution/ soil. Ground
• Noise pollution/ sound
• Thermal pollution
• Radiation

​(ii) Identify three ways through which water is polluted

• Discharge of industrial waste/ oil spillage/ radioactive waste into water bodies
• Disposal of domestic waste into  water bodies
• Discharge of agriculture chemicals into rivers/ lakes by rain water
• Discharge of raw sewage  into water bodies
• Abuse of water bodies by human beings
• Natural causes e.g. soil erosion/ terrestrial gas

​(iii) Explain three effects of air pollution on the environment

• Gases emitted from some factories contain substances which corrode roofs of houses and mental structures
• Some gases from factories contain substances which dissolve in  water to form acid  which make  plants maim or kill animals
• Inhalation for smoke and soot particles / bad smell lead to discomfort / irritation of the respiratory system / discolouring of vegetable / building.
• Gases emitted from factories may contain poisonous substance which can lead to poor health / death when inhaled /plant leaves turn yellow.
• Gases / excess carbon dioxide increases the temperature affecting the climate of the affected areas / depletion of O – Zone layer.
• Smoke / dust / smog reduces visibility which way lead to motor accidents.
• Dust particles that settles on leaves inhibits photosynthesis

​(b) (i) Explain three factors that lead to frequent flooding in the lake region of Kenya

• Most of the land is low lying which causes the rain water of spread over wide area.
• The adjacent highlands receive torrential rainfall which releases large volumes of water resulting to rivers overflowing their banks.
• Silt has filled the river beds making them shallow thus spilling their water over banks 
• The rivers are at their old stage, thus they have wide flood plains which allows water to spread over large areas.
• The area has black cotton soil which is non- porous and when soaks up allow water to flow and spread on the surface.
• The heavy rainfall received in the area id discharged into lake Victoria making its level to rise thus flooding the adjacent lowlands.

​(ii) Explain two ways through which floods are controlled in the lake region of Kenya

• Dams have been constructed across the rivers to check their velocity thus reducing the incident of flooding.
• Several dykes have been constructed / artificial levees to restrict the rivers within their channels/ diversion channels have been constructed in the flood plain and water used for irrigation thus reducing the effect of the excess water.

​(c) State four effects of wind as an environmental hazard in Kenya

• Strong winds destroy trees
• Winds blow off roofs of houses
• Winds cause strong sea storms and lead to boats capsizing / communication lines are destroyed / destruction of transport line.
• Winds cause soil erosion
• Winds spread air – borne diseases
• Winds spread bush fires

​Related Geography Searches on management and conservation of the environment Form 4 Level.

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