Name two mountains in East Africa which are ice capped.

KCSE Geography Paper 1 2014 Section B Question 10.

​(a) (i) Name two mountains in East Africa which are ice capped.

•  Mt Kenya
•  Mt Kilimanjaro
•  Ruwenzori mountains

​(ii) Identify three ways in which ice moves.

• Plastic flowage
•  Basal slip
•  Extrusion flow
•  Internal shearing

​(b) Describe the formation of the following glacial features:
(i) Hanging valley;
(ii) Pyramidal peak. 

(i) Hanging valley

•  It is formed in glaciated highlands where there is a main valley and a tributary valley.
•  The two valleys get filled with ice. The main valley has more ice than the tributary valley.
•  As the ice gets heavy/ thick, it begins to flow down the slope eroding by plucking and ubrasion.
•  The main liver valley is deepened and widened more than the tributary valley.
•  When ice melts the tributary valley is left hanging at a higher level.
•  The tributary valley left hanging above the main river valley is known as hanging valley.

(ii)Pyramidal peak.

•  Ice accumulates in several shallow pre-existing depressions n the mountain sides.
•  As the ice moves, it plucks the rocks on the sides of the hollows/ depression.
•  Continued erosion by abrasion deepens and widens the hollows forming cirques.
•  Adjacent hollows (cirques) continue to be eroded causing back walls to receed until they are separated by narrow steep ridges called aretes.
•  Where aretes converge at the top of the mountain, they form a sharp - steep sided peak known as a pyramidal peak.

​(c) You are required to carry out a field study on erosional features in glaciated lowland area.
(i) Give two reasons why you would require a working schedule. 

• It enables the planned activities to be carried out systematically.
•  It allows for proper use of available time.
•  It enables the assessment of the progress of the fieldwork.
•  It enables the estimation of total time required for the study.
•  It confines the researcher to the scope of the topic.
•  It ensures all areas are adequately covered.

​(ii) Name three erosional features you are likely to observe during the field study.

• Depressions
•  Crag and tail
•  Ice eroded plain
•  Roche montonnee

​(iii) Give three follow-up activities you would undertake after the field study. 

• Sketching the features.
• Note making/ writing field reports.
• Asking / answering questions/ quizes
• Discussing the findings.
• Display photographs.
• Analysing data collected.
• Reading more about the topic.
•  Drawing conclusions.

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