Study the photograph below and use it to answer the question (a)

KCSE Geography Paper 2 1997 Section B Question 6.

​a) i) Name the type of photograph given above.

​Ground general view ground photograph

​ii) Draw a rectangle measuring 17cm by 12cm to represent the area of the photograph. On it sketch and label the main features shown on the photograph.

Rectangle measuring 17cm by 12cm

​iii) Describe the landscape of the area represented by the photograph 

1. The land rises from the ladle towards the ground
2. The area in the ground is flat
3. The area is covered by vegetation I slightly raised
4. The area in the background has hills/ridges
5. There is a slight depression in the middle ground

​b) i) Name two rivers in Kenya which cause large scale flooding 

1. Nyando
   
2. Nzoia
3. Tana
   
4. Kuja/Gucha
5. Yalla
   
6. ​Ewaso Nyiro

​ii) Explain four ways in which people are affected by floods

1. Flooding creates stagnant water in which diseases causing pests breed.
2. Flooding leads to loss of property and lives while human life cannot be replaced.
3. Flooding causes soil water logging which lowers crop production
4. Floods disrupt farmers’ calendar/wash away crops.  This  leads to food shortage/famine.
5. Floods wash away bridges and roads/ This disrupts transport and communication/air fields/ telephone lines.
6. People are displaced /left home less

​c) Explain three methods which floods can be controlled.

1. Construction of dams/check dams which help reduce velocity of river downstream
2. Construction of dykes/ artificial levees which restrict outflow of rivers
3. Construction of diversion channels/canals which helps realign meanders and restrict the flow of rivers/draining flooded areas
4. Planting of vegetation/forest in the river catchment areas to reduce the surface run-off and increase seepage.
5. Clearing drainage system to facilitate  easy flow of water.

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