State four ways in which communication contributes to economic development in Kenya.

KCSE Geography Paper 2 2016 Section B Question 6.

Use the map below to answer questions a (i) and (ii)

a) Name
(i) The rivers marked E, F and G 

• E - R. Congo.
•  F - R. Zambezi.
•  G - R. Orange

​(ii) The human-made lakes marked H and J. 

• H - Kainji
• J – Nasser

(iii) Explain four measures which should be taken to improve inland water transport in Africa. 

• The waterways should be dredged regularly to control siltation/maintain constant depth of the rivers and lakes for easier navigation.
• Dams/barrages should be constructed to control flooding hence allowing navigation.
• Constructing canals/canalizing the rivers where waterfalls, rapids or rock outcrops exist to bypass obstacles that hinder navigation.
• Constant clearing/controlling the growth of vegetation to allow free movement of vessels.
• Using modern vessels and equipment to improve the efficiency of handling cargo/passenger service.
• Removal of rock obstacles from river beds to allow free navigation.

​b) State four ways in which communication contributes to economic development in Kenya. 

• Technological efficiency in communication makes business transactions easier/faster.
• Modern communication networks allow for the spread of ideas/information for decision making which enhances economic development.
• Communication promotes development of related industries/business opportunities.
• Communication services provide employment opportunities.
• Communication connectivity promotes mobility of labour.
• Individuals/Companies/Government earns income /derives revenue from communication services.
• Communication facilitates marketing of products thus a wider market

​c) Explain four problems facing railway transport in Africa.

1. African countries use a different railway gauges which makes it difficult to have an integrated railway transport system/transhipment of goods.
2. Construction of railways requires large amounts of capital that most countries lack, either to extend or maintain the existing lines.
3. Accidents/vandalism/uprooting of the railway line causes great losses/delays in transportation.
4. Tropical storm waters at times wash away vital sections of the railway lines thereby disrupting transport/causes accidents.
5. Railway transport faces stiff competition from the faster/flexible means of transport such as road and air transport hence under-utilization of railway facilities.
6. Fuelling/maintenance of railway stations and other related overhead costs are high thus reducing profit margins.

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