What is an industry?

KCSE Geography Paper 2 2019 Section B Question 9.

(a) What is an industry? 

• Industry is an enterprise that enables the production of goods and  services for consumption

(b) (i) Name two car manufacturing zones in Japan. 

• Tokyo — Yokohama
• Osaka -Kobe
• Nagoya

​(ii) Explain four human factors which have favoured the development of car manufacturing industry in Japan.

•  The country has adequate capital to ¡invest in the car industry.
• The advanced technology and research has led to  efficient methods of production of high quality cars at minimum costs
• Japan produces fuel-saving vehicle leading to high demand for them in the world market
• Japan has highly skilled and industrious work force which has promoted massive production  of quality vehicles
• The government  policy/peace and stability has encouraged industrialization.
• The presence of large population with a high purchasing power provides a large local market for the cars
• The efficient  transport system which eases the transportation of raw materials
• Large hydroelectric power production of cars/ nuclear power production for industrial energy
• The rise of empire Meiji F who promised industrial development 
• The education system which has given rise to skilled man power i.e.  advanced technology.

​(c) Explain each of the following problems of industrialisation in the developing countries:
(i) Raw materials 

• Agricultural materials fluctuate with seasons/may be perishable hence the industries may have inadequate materials during low seasons due to spoilage
• Some industries relying on natural resources suffer closure/low production when the natural resources get exhausted. 
• Industries relying on imported materials face shortage when the allocation for importation is restricted
• Political differences between countries may lead to limited supply of raw materials to the rival in the country leading to shortage

​(ii) Inadequate skilled manpower 

• Most developing countries have industrial culture/education to import relevant skills for industrialization. 
• The rely on expatriates who are expensive to hire /maintain on reliable.
• Most countries have inadequate managerial skills to run industries resulting to mismanagement/ embezzlements of funds
• Most countries suffer from brain drainage that slows down industrial development.

(d) Outline ways in which your class would prepare for a field study in one of the industries in your county. 

1. Getting permission from the school /host authorities
2. Organization for transport
3. Identifying / assembling tools/items to carry
4. Making a work schedule
5. Preparing a questionnaire/interview questions
6. Identifying the industry
7. Reading on the topic.

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